苏丹红和饲料着色剂的区别

本文主要从苏丹红和饲料着色剂的化学结构、作用机理及毒性等方面说明饲料着色剂与苏丹红的天壤之别。     

Impacts of a freedom farrowing pen design on sow behaviours and performance

The limited space in farrowing crate imposes many challenges, such as prolonged farrowing duration and high piglet stillbirth rate. Although the features of farrowing pens compensate for the drawbacks of farrowing crates, they are associated with high piglet crushing mortality caused by the greater space afforded to sows and their rolling-over behaviour. Therefore, a freedom farrowing pen was designed to overcome the drawbacks of both farrowing crates and farrowing pens. The main features of the freedom farrowing pen are its left anti-crushing bar and detachable right anti-crushing bar on the sides of the sow lying area. It also has a 10 cm-high anti-crushing bar in the non-lying area. Eighteen healthy, multiparous Yorkshire sows (3-7 parity) were averaged and randomly assigned to farrowing crates, farrowing pens, and freedom farrowing pens to compare the effects of the farrowing systems on sow behaviour and performance. Results showed that the farrowing duration and the mean piglet birth intervals were longer for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the sows in farrowing pens and those in freedom farrowing pens (P>0.05). The piglet stillbirth rate was higher for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.001). Crushing mortality was higher among piglets in farrowing pens (P<0.001), but there was no difference between piglets in freedom farrowing pens and those in farrowing crates (P>0.05). The freedom farrowing pen and the farrowing pen allowed sows to turn around and move freely, but because of the different structures of their anti-crushing bars, the increase in sow movement did not cause higher piglet crushing mortality (P>0.05). Sows in freedom farrowing pens were found to be more protective of their piglets.     

Effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in Holstein heifers

This study examined the effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in dairy heifers. Twenty Holstein heifers in early pregnancy were divided into non‐transported (NT; n = 7) and transported (T; n = 13) groups. Blood was collected before transportation (BT), immediately after transportation for 100 km (T1) and 200 km (T2), and 24 h after transportation (AT). The T heifers had higher (P < 0.05) blood cortisol and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations after T1 and T2 than did NT heifers. By contrast, the T heifers had lower (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations after T1 and T2 than had the NT heifers. The serum cortisol and triglyceride concentrations returned (P > 0.05) to the BT concentrations at 24 h AT in the T heifers. The granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and the percentage of monocytes were higher (P < 0.05) after T2 in the T heifers than in the NT heifers, suggesting that transportation stress increased the numbers of innate immune cells. T heifers had higher (P < 0.01) plasma haptoglobin concentrations than NT heifers 24 h AT. In conclusion, transportation increased cortisol secretion and was correlated with increased metabolic responses and up‐regulation of peripheral innate immune cells in dairy heifers.     

锰的添加方式对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡180只,随机分为3组。Ⅰ组为对照组,添加硫酸锰（MnSO4·H2O）120mg／kg;Ⅱ组添加蛋氨酸螫合锰60mg／kg;Ⅲ组分别添加蛋氨酸螯合锰（Met-Mn）30mg／kg和硫酸锰（MnSO4·H2O）60mg／kg。研究不同方式添加锰对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明．3种不同方式添加锰对肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响（P〉0．05）．但Ⅲ组的饲料成本有所降低。因此,在肉仔鸡日粮中以第3种方式添加效果最佳。     

穴盘苗吹叶补苗机构设计与试验

针对叶片遮挡穴盘苗空穴机械补苗作业时存在损伤待补空穴周围穴盘苗叶片的问题,该研究提出一种使用射流气管吹开遮挡叶片进行机械补苗的吹叶补苗方法。作业时,射流气管内通高压气流,由待补空穴底端渗水孔向上移动,吹开遮挡叶片,到达穴盘苗叶片顶部后,补苗机械手夹持待补苗使基质块底部靠近射流气管顶端,并与射流气管同步下移完成补苗作业。吹叶机构射流气管内径5 mm,顶端封闭,靠近顶端的水平截面均布开设8个直径1.2 mm的射流孔。搭建由吹叶机构与挂接于Denso机械手臂的补苗机械手组成的试验装置,对72穴穴盘培育的红掌、白掌、芥蓝、菜心、白菜和生菜6种不同叶片遮挡程度的穴盘苗进行单穴吹叶补苗性能试验。结果表明,吹叶机构与补苗机械手协同作业的补苗成功率与穴盘苗初始叶片遮挡率（穴盘待补空穴被相邻穴盘苗叶片遮挡的面积与穴孔面积的比值）、遮挡叶片倾角和射流气管压力有关。在射流气管射流孔数为8,射流孔直径1.2 mm条件下,射流气管压力为0.28 MPa时,初始叶片遮挡率59.4%的红掌穴盘苗的补苗成功率可达92%;射流气管压力为0.22 MPa时,初始叶片遮挡率56.2%的白掌穴盘苗的补苗成功率可达94%;射流气管压力为0.22～0.31 MPa时,初始叶片遮挡率35.4%的芥蓝穴盘苗的补苗成功率均可达90%;射流气管压力为0.16～0.31 MPa时,初始叶片遮挡率29.7%～35.8%的菜心、白菜和生菜穴盘苗的补苗成功率均可达90%。研究结果可为叶片遮挡穴盘苗空穴的机械补苗设备开发提供技术参考。     

南方地区高水分玉米安全度夏技术探讨

根据水分的高低,对新收购的高水分玉米分别储存在露天囤和高大平房仓中,将露天囤里的玉米通风降水后转入高大平房仓储存,再对玉米通风降温,并采取仓房密封、悬挂防晒网、空调控温等配套措施控制粮温,期间采取磷化铝多次补药熏蒸杀灭粮堆内害虫及霉菌,使玉米安全度夏。     

碳纳米管的酸化处理对碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料微观结构及性能的影响

对多壁碳纳米管进行酸化处理,并采用原位聚合法制备了碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料。利用X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、动态力学分析(DMA)研究了碳纳米管酸化与否对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,碳纳米管经酸化处理后产生了羧基,碳纳米管的原位加入使得复合材料的储存模量和玻璃化转变温度都有所提高,而且经过酸化的碳纳米管对聚氨酯材料的改性要比未酸化碳纳米管对聚氨酯材料的改性效果更为显著。     

山东省家蚕种质资源研究进展

山东省蚕业研究所保存的家蚕品种资源,从刚建所的30多个增加到现在的110多个,利用这些品种资源已育成了10对实用品种。为更好地利用种质资源,近年来进行了家蚕抗高温、抗氟及淀粉酶活性等方面的研究。     

Atmospheric humidity and genotype are key determinants of the diurnal stomatal conductance pattern

Great understanding of the genotypic difference in diurnal stomatal conductance (g_s) pattern and the key determinants of the pattern is important for saving water by adopting cultivars appropriately. Fifteen wheat genotypes were studied under different soil conditions and various meteorological conditions with pot cultivation in rain shelter for two years. Genotype and air humidity were found to be key determinants of diurnal g_s pattern. All genotypes under low relative humidity (LRH) and most genotypes under high relative humidity (HRH) displayed a gradual decline pattern from morning through the afternoon. Under moderate relative humidity (MRH), all genotypes present a single-peak curve pattern, but they differed in peak time, which may lead to unreliable g_s comparison between genotypes and get ostensible contrasting materials. The stomatal conductance was significantly different among genotypes under LRH and the increased g_s magnitude is also significantly different when it was compared between LRH and HRH. The present results provide new thinking for selecting and adopting appropriate cultivars with specific stomata traits for the area with various meteorological conditions.