努力学习把握重点认真贯彻全国畜牧总站站长

农业部饲料法规宣贯暨行业统计培训班今天开班了,首先,我代表全国畜牧总站、中国饲料工业协会对会议的成功召开表示热烈的祝贺!刚才,王宗礼副司长代表农业部畜牧业司(全国饲料工作办公室)全面介绍了当前饲料行业发展形势,明确了本次培训班的主要任务,并就贯彻实施<饲料生产企业审查办法>和做好饲料行业信息统计工作做了重要讲话.希望大家认真学习并在实际工作中认真贯彻落实.下面,我讲三点意见,供参考.     

SSR and STS markers for wheat stripe rust resistance gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">Yr26</Emphasis>

Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating wheat diseases worldwide. Triticum aestivum-Haynaldia villosa 6VS/6AL translocation lines carrying the Yr26 gene on chromosome 1B, are resistant to most races of Pst used in virulence tests. In order to better utilize Yr26 for wheat improvement, we attempted to screen SSR and EST-based STS markers closely linked with Yr26. A total of 500 F₂ plants and the F_2:3 progenies derived from a cross between 92R137 and susceptible cultivar Yangmai 5 were inoculated with race CYR32. The analysis confirmed that stripe rust resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene, Yr26. Among 35 pairs of genomic SSR markers and 81 pairs of STS markers derived from EST sequences located on chromosome 1B, Yr26 was flanked by 5 SSR and 7 STS markers. The markers were mapped in deletion bins using CS aneuploid and deletion lines. The closest flanking marker loci, Xwe173 and Xbarc181, mapped in 1BL and the genetic distances from Yr26 were 1.4 cM and 6.7 cM, respectively. Some of these markers were previously reported on 1BS. Eight common wheat cultivars and lines developed from the T. aestivum-H. villosa 6VS/6AL translocation lines by different research groups were tested for presence of the markers. Five lines with Yr26 carried the flanking markers whereas three lines without Yr26 did not. The results indicated that the flanking markers should be useful in marker-assisted selection for incorporating Yr26 into wheat cultivars.     

糖料甜菜机械化生产农艺规范

从播前整地、播种、田间管理和收获等环节研究甜菜机械化生产农艺措施,介绍了每个作业环节的机具,对提高甜菜产量、改善甜菜品质、提高甜菜种植效益和促进我国糖料产业的健康发展有重要意义。      

不同催化剂双氧水氧化淀粉的转化及结晶度的比较

为了研究催化剂(硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁)对氧化淀粉羧基质量分数及结构方面的影响,采用淀粉糊滴定法测定了两种氧化淀粉的羧基质量分数,并比较了其X射线衍射图谱和傅里叶红外光谱.试验结果为:硫酸铜氧化淀粉的羧基质量分数为0.048％,结晶度为33.76％;硫酸亚铁氧化淀粉的羧基质量分数为0.0017％,结晶度为34.12％.试验表明:硫酸铜对双氧水的催化效果缘于硫酸亚铁;双氧水不能打破淀粉结晶结构,氧化反应主要是在非结晶区进行.     

应用PCR检测太湖青虾白斑病毒和桃拉病毒

白斑综合征和桃拉综合征是严重危害虾类养殖业的两种传染性疾病,病原的快速检测是控制疾 病暴发,减少病害损失的有效方法之一。青虾是太湖地区的主要养殖虾类,本实验应用白斑病毒和桃拉病毒 复合式试剂盒,对太湖附近的青虾进行检测,结果未发现太湖青虾感染或携带这两种病毒。     

Potential of indigenous Bacillus spp. as probiotic feed supplements in an extruded low‐fish‐meal diet for juvenile olive flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

A 12‐week feeding trial was designed to assess the probiotic potential of indigenous Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and/or Bacillus subtilis singly or in combination with Bacillus licheniformis in an extruded feed for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) juveniles. A high fish meal (FM) diet (control) and a low‐FM diet containing an alternative protein blend (30% FM replacement, FM30) were formulated. Three other experimental diets were prepared by inclusion of B. amyloliquefaciens (BA), B. subtilis (BS), or a mixture of B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, and B. licheniformis (BASL) into FM30 diet, with a final concentration of 10⁶ CFU/g diet. Results indicated that the FM30 diet was well tolerated by flounder, and the overall performance was not affected by dietary treatments. Lysozyme activity and total immunoglobulin level were significantly reduced in flounders when fed with the FM30 diet compared with the BASL and BA diets, respectively. The Bacillus additives neither enriched the relative abundance of the corresponding Bacillus spp. in the relevant gut microbiota of olive flounder nor modulated the presumptive gene functions of the gut microbiome. Despite the absence of growth‐promoting effect, the tested probiotics could still be economically viable for use as immunostimulants in commercial flounder diets with partial FM replacement.     

“太湖1号”杂交青虾规模化繁育技术研究

利用53hm2标准化鱼池,采用雌雄亲虾同池的放养模式与集中投放抱卵虾孵化培育模式2种模式进行“太湖1号”杂交青虾的规模化繁殖试验。结果显示,本期共繁殖生产虾苗33533．86万尾,31878．33kg。雌雄亲虾同池培育的产苗量比集中投放抱卵青虾培育的产苗量要低36．49～69．26kg／hm2,或132．85万。143．607万尾／hm2,苗种规格大小差异大。雌雄亲虾同池培育的捕苗时间从7月18日到8月25日,共计38d,集中投放抱卵亲虾培育池的苗规格较一致,捕苗时间为期25d,捕捞时间缩短了13d。这表明,集中投放抱卵虾孵化培育模式可作为青虾规模化繁殖生产的优选方式。     

Sperm cryopreservation of the noble Scallop Chlamys nobilis by a programmable freezing method: Effect of cryoprotectant

A study on Chlamys nobilis sperm cryopreservation by a programmable freezing method was conducted under laboratory condition. Four cryoprotectant agents (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], methanol [MET], propanediol[PG] and ethylene glycol [EG]) and four concentrations (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%) were evaluated for their ability to retain sperm motility, movement characteristics and fertility. Results showed that cryopreserved sperm total motility produced by DMSO and MET at 5%, 10% and 20% were higher than other cryoprotectant treatment groups (CPA groups), as well as rapid sperm percentage. The curvilinear (VCL) and straight line (VSL) velocity produced by DMSO at 5% significantly higher than other CPA groups (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were found for average path (VAP) velocity. The lateral head displacement (ALH) in all CPA groups was similar and without significant difference (p > 0.05), as well as the beat‐cross frequency (BCF). A significant higher fertilization rate was produced in DMSO than that in MET at same concentration (p < 0.05), and no significant differences were found for differing concentrations of the same cryoprotectant (p > 0.05). Overall, 5%‐20% DMSO was more suitable for Chlamys nobilis sperm programmable cryopreservation when the calcium‐free Hanks’ balanced salt solution was used as the extender, and 10°C/min from 0°C to ?80°C was used as freezing rate. The findings presented in this study will benefit conservation programs for Chlamys nobilis.     

需引起警惕的棕榈科植物入侵害虫—椰子织蛾

椰子织蛾是为害棕榈科植物的重要食叶害虫之一,2013年8月在我国海南首次发现。本文报道了该害虫各发育阶段的外部形态、COⅠ/cox1测序和比对的分子鉴定结果、寄主及为害情况。序列比对显示,目标样本430bp的cox1序列与NCBI中已提交的Opisina arenosella的线粒体COⅠ条形码序列覆盖率为100%,一致性达99.8%,表明分子遗传数据支持形态鉴定结果。调查发现,椰子织蛾寄主主要为椰子、王棕和林刺葵,已在海南9个市县发生,局部地区为害严重。椰子织蛾已在海南定殖、扩散,并形成经济和景观危害,其入侵将对我国南方热带、亚热带地区棕榈科植物的安全生产和生态环境构成重大威胁,需提高警惕,加强检疫,防止其扩散蔓延,并开展防治研究。     

藏北高原高寒草地土壤有效养分含量研究

选择藏北高原高寒草地不同海拔的12个样地对土壤有效养分进行研究,结果表明：在海拔4 480m优势植物为嵩草（Kobresiaspp）、苔草（Carex tristachya）的高山草原土速效氮含量较高;人工种植的在海拔4 530m的紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）和海拔4 300m燕麦草（Arrhenatherum elatius）有效磷含量较高;高山草原土壤速效钾含量较高;在海拔4 466m优势植物为早熟禾（Poasp.）的高山草原土有效铜和有效铁含量较高;在海拔4 481m高山草甸土的裸地有效锰含量较高;在海拔3 473m原生植被覆盖的亚高山草原土有效锌含量较高。有效氮、磷、铜、