24份枸杞种质资源SSR遗传多样性分析

枸杞是药食同源的植物,具有重要的药用价值和经济价值,枸杞遗传背景复杂,对其种质资源遗传变异和种质资源的遗传背的研究还不充分。本研究对24个枸杞种质资源采用SSR分子标记进行了遗传多样性。在17对SSR引物上共检测到96个条带,其中有59条多态性条带,多态性条带比率为61.5%。每个SSR位点的PIC值为0.37~0.60,平均值为0.45。NTSYS类平均法聚类结果显示,24份枸杞供试品种遗传相似性系数介于0.263?0.954之间,在相似系数0.56处被分为9大类群。这将为进一步开展枸杞种质资源评价、新品种选育和合理利用提供科学院依据。     

RAMP与REMAP分子标记技术及其应用

引物设计是RAMP和REMAP标记分析的关键,二者都使用锚定的微卫星序列引物。目前已开发出多个RAMP锚定微卫星序列引物,与不同的RAPD引物进行扩增,得到更多的引物组合。REMAP使用反转录转座子的外向LTR引物和锚定微卫星序列引物。而RAMP分析采用不对称PCR循环,在PCR扩增的后15个循环中,退火温度设为2个;REMAP则采用常规PCR循环。扩增产物可在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶、变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶、琼脂糖凝胶上进行电泳分离,检测时可使用同位素、银染或溴化乙锭染色等技术。目前,这两种标记技术已在作物和动物种质资源的遗传多样性分析、遗传连锁图谱构建、转基因植株基因稳定性分析等方面都有成功的应用。     

论城市化进程中珠三角的城市森林建设

文章在深化对城市林业重要意义认识的基础上,探讨了珠三角地区城市森林体系建设存在的问题和发展思路,目的在于为促进珠三角地区城市生态系统建设与可持续发展提供借鉴。     

Effects of Altitude Change on Nutritional Quality and Elymus nutans Regularity in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

In order to reveal the effects of different altitudes on the nutritional quality of wild forage in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,this study used Elymus nutans as the tested plants to evaluate the changes of nutrient contents and the correlation between the nutrient contents and altitudes.Four sampling sites were set up at altitudes of 2 562,2 660,2 775 and 2 905 m with the vertical distance among each sampling point was about 100 m.The results showed that the crude protein,ash and phosphorus contents of Elymus nutans decreased significantly with an increase in altitudes.The crude protein contents decreased by 1.87 % with each 100 m increase in altitudes.The variation rule of crude protein contents with altitudes in the simulated curve was "y=–0.0187x+63.244 (R~2=0.9557)".The crude ash contents decreased by 1.77% with each 100 m increase in altitudes.The variation rule of crude ash contents with altitudes in the simulated curve was "y=–0.0177x+56.144 (R~2=0.978)".Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) showed an overall increasing trend with the increase of altitudes,but the most obvious increase was at 2 775 m.The contents of crude fat and Ca did not change regularly with altitudes.     

Evaluation of Caspase-3 and Ki-67 expression in squamous cell hyperplasia of the stomach induced by Platycodi radix water extract in Sprague–Dawley rats

Platycodi radix is widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. This study aimed to investigate cell proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (Caspase-3) potential in squamous cell hyperplasia of the stomach induced by a Platycodi radix water extract in a subchronic toxicity study. One hundred formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded stomach tissues of rats treated with Platycodi radix at doses of 0, 500, 1,000, and 3,000 mg/kg body weight/day were used for the analysis. They were conventionally stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemically (IHC) stained using caspase-3 and Ki-67 antibodies. The incidence of squamous cell hyperplasia was significantly increased in the 3,000 mg/kg b.w./day treatment group in both sexes (p<0.01). However, the hyperplastic change was completely repaired after 4 weeks of recovery period. Ki-67 expression was similar in all groups, with no statistically significant differences among the groups. Caspase-3 expression was significantly increased in both sexes in the 3,000 mg/kg b.w./day treatment group (p<0.01), compared with the vehicle control groups, and then reduced to normal levels in the recovery groups in both sexes. In conclusion, this study showed that squamous cell hyperplasia induced by the Platycodi radix water extract in the limiting ridge of the stomach is not considered to be abnormal proliferative change; as a result, squamous cell hyperplasia is considered to be a non-adverse effect when induced by the oral administration of the Platycodi radix water extract once daily for 13 weeks in rats.     

妊娠犬饲养管理中存在的问题及改进措施

在犬的繁殖过程中,往往会碰到这样一些问题：仔犬出生时弱胎、死胎多,有些胎儿即使存活下来,也是生长缓慢,达不到生长发育的要求,最后成为长不大的“铁狗”。究其原因是多方面的,但犬在妊娠期间饲养管理的好坏对新生仔犬质量具有影响作用。为了提高新生仔犬质量,保证母犬的正常体况和繁育,现就妊娠犬在饲养管理过程中存在的问题及改进措施谈点看法。     

西北地区马铃薯疮痂病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确西北地区马铃薯疮痂病病原菌的种类和生物学特性,分别采用常规组织分离法和土壤混悬液分离法从宁夏、陕西和甘肃3个省区采集的29份疮痂病发病薯块和8份发病地块土壤中进行病原菌分离,并利用形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定。结果表明,从发病薯块和发病土壤中共分离到50株链霉菌Streptomyces spp.,通过回接法验证获得6株马铃薯疮痂病致病菌株。6株致病菌株的培养特性和形态特征差别较大;其中菌株G4-1、G9和SYN13不能以果糖和木糖为单一碳源,菌株SYNT3不能以棉子糖为单一碳源;除菌株NLG4-1外,其余5株菌株均能在络氨酸琼脂培养基上产生黑色素。经16S rDNA序列分析,菌株G4-1、G9与疮痂病链霉菌S. scabiei的相似率分别达99.47%和99.34%,菌株NLG4-1、SYNT3与S. enissocaesilis的相似率分别达97.90%和98.18%,菌株GBH2与加利利链霉菌S. galilaeus的相似率达99.93%,菌株SYN13与S. turgidiscabies的相似率达97.56%,表明西北地区马铃薯疮痂病病原菌至少存在4个种。     

义乌城市防护绿地建设的宏观生态途径

“义乌盆地”的地理和气候易造成污浊空气在城市内沉积,也不利于外围新鲜空气进入城区。义乌在建设了大量的城市防护绿地的同时,选择了一条独特的宏观生态途径,理顺和打通了城市进气和排气通道,并进一步提出完善城市防护绿地宏观生态体系的几点举措。     

Digestibility of the defatted microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. and Desmodesmus sp. when fed to Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar

The aim of the study was to investigate the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of defatted biomass derived from microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. and Desmodesmus sp. when fed to Atlantic salmon postsmolts in seawater. Two experiments, one employing cold‐pelleted and the other employing extruded pellets, were carried out to determine the ADC of dry matter (DM), protein, ash and energy. The test feeds consisted of a fishmeal‐based reference feed and the algal biomass, at a ratio of 70:30, and yttrium oxide as the inert marker. The ADC of DM and protein in fish fed microalgae‐incorporated cold‐pelleted feeds were significantly higher for Nannochloropsis sp. compared with Desmodesmus sp. The Nannochloropsis sp. inclusion in extruded feeds also led to higher ADCs of DM and energy compared with Desmodesmus sp. The extrusion processing significantly increased the ADC of ash in both defatted microalgae biomass, as well as ADCs of DM in Nannochloropsis and protein in Desmodesmus sp. In conclusion, the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. was more digestible than Desmodesmus sp., and extrusion processing can be used as a means to improve digestibility of certain nutrients.     

白鲢出血病病原菌的鉴定

从患出血病的白鲢体内分离出两株细菌(编号为水_1、水_2),分别感染健康白鲢,人工复制白鲢出血病获得成功。对这两株细菌进行形态、营养需求、生长特性、以及生化反应等观察,作者认为,水_1菌为产碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas alcaligenes);水_2菌为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)。前者隶属于假单胞菌科(Pseudomonaceae),后者隶属于孤菌科(Vibrionaceae)。