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11.
High‐throughput Cryopreservation of Sperm from Sex‐reversed Southern Flounder,Paralichthys lethostigma
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E Hu Rafael Cuevas‐Uribe Huiping Yang Robin Sanderson Adriane O. Gill Harry Daniels Terrence R. Tiersch 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2016,47(4):555-565
The Southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, is a valuable aquaculture fish with established markets in the USA. All‐female production in this species is an important technology for aquaculture because the females usually have body sizes twice those of males at the same age, and sex‐reversed males (genotypic XX neomales) are used for all‐female production by crossing with genetically normal females. However, sperm volume from the neomales is usually small (<0.5 mL) and limits their application for all‐female fish production. Cryopreservation of sperm from these sex‐reversed neomales will provide access on demand with increased efficiency to extend the application of neomales. The goal of this study was to develop a protocol for cryopreservation of sperm from the Southern flounder by using an automated high‐throughput processing system. The objectives were to: (1) determine the effect of osmolality on activation of sperm motility; (2) evaluate the effect of extender solutions on sperm motility capacity; (3) evaluate the acute toxicity of cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol) on sperm motility, and (4) estimate the effect of cooling rate on sperm cryopreservation and post‐thaw fertilization. Sperm motility was activated when osmolality was 400 mOsmol/kg or higher. Of the three extender buffers tested, HEPES4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) at 300 mOsmol/kg resulted in better protection for sperm motility than did Hanks' balanced salt solution and Mounib solution at 300 mOsmol/kg during 7 d of refrigerated storage. After 30 min equilibration with the cryoprotectant of 15% DMSO, sperm motility was 24 ± 21% (fresh sperm motility without any cryoprotectants was 42%). After cooling at a rate of 20 C/min, post‐thaw sperm motility was 8 ± 5% and fertilization was 63 ± 40% evaluated at the 32–64 cell stage (5 × 105 sperm per egg). Overall, a protocol was developed for sperm cryopreservation in the Southern flounder with high‐throughput processing, which provides a tool to preserve the valuable genetic resources from neomale flounders, and enables germplasm repository development for the Southern flounder. 相似文献
12.
Hoffmann KL Wood AK Griffiths KA Evans DL Gill RW Kirby AC 《Equine veterinary journal》2001,33(3):269-273
The effects of feeding on blood flow to the equine foot are poorly understood. In a temperature-controlled room, duplex Doppler ultrasonographic observations were made pre- and postprandially of the lateral proper palmar digital artery of 5 horses, randomly assigned to twice and 4 times daily feeding in an unbalanced 2 period crossover design. Arterial diameter and blood velocity were measured over 4 h and additional observations made of heart rate, blood pressure, total plasma protein, packed cell volume, plasma glucose and insulin. There was no effect of the feeding regimen on any variable. Postprandially, there were significant increases in arterial diameter, blood velocity, total plasma protein, plasma glucose and insulin; the other variables were unchanged. It appeared that the normal postprandial response was an increase in blood flow to the foot. The value of ultrasonography for noninvasive investigation of the peripheral vasculature of the conscious horse was established; and in the future it may have a role in the diagnosis of vascular diseases of the foot. 相似文献
13.
Rudy W Bauer Marjorie S Gill Rob P Poston Dae Young Kim 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2005,17(3):281-285
Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) was diagnosed (postmortem) in a sheep with clinical signs attributable to a central nervous system disease. The sheep was febrile and initially had front limb incoordination, which progressed to paralysis of both front and hind limbs during a course of 2 days. The sheep maintained an alert attitude with the ability to eat up to the time of euthanasia. The only clinical pathologic abnormalities were neutrophilia and lymphopenia without appreciable leukocytosis, a moderate hyperglycemia, and an elevated creatine kinase. Treatment included hydrotherapy for lowering body temperature, intravenous fluids, thiamine hydrochloride, tetanus antitoxin, antibiotics, and corticosteroids. The only gross lesion at the time of necropsy was a wet glistening surface of the brain (leptomeninges). Microscopically, there was severe nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, poliomyelitis, and polyradiculoneuritis with mild multifocal neutrophilic infiltration. The EEE virus was isolated from the brain, and subsequent fluorescent antibody testing for EEE was positive on cell culture. 相似文献
14.
PE Bennemann GN Diehl E Milbradt RM Vidor HCC Fries I Wentz ML Bernardi FP Bortolozzo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(6):507-510
This study evaluated the reproductive performance of gilts inseminated at three intervals before ovulation (0-12, 13-23, 24-30 h) with sperm doses (SD) stored for 0-48 and 96-120 h. A total of 218 PIC Camborough 22 gilts were inseminated once with SD of 1.5 x 10(9) sperms. Pregnant gilts (n = 166) were slaughtered 30.8 +/- 3.7 days after artificial insemination. The number of corpora lutea (CL) and total embryos (TE) was counted. Pregnancy rates (PR) were analysed by chi-square test. TE and embryonic survival (ES), obtained as the ratio between viable embryos and CL, were analysed by GLM procedure (SAS) and mean values were compared by Tukey's test. Pregnancy rate was similar among artificial insemination-ovulation (AIOV) intervals when semen was stored for 0-48 h. However, the lowest PR was observed in the 24-30 h AIOV interval with storage time (ST) of 96-120 h (p < 0.05). There was a significant effect of the interaction between ST and AIOV (p < 0.05) on TE and ES variables. Total embryos and ES did not differ (p > 0.05) among AIOV intervals in ST of 0-48 h. However, gilts inseminated at 24-30 h AIOV interval with ST of 96-120 h showed a reduction of 6.7 embryos (p < 0.05) compared with gilts in the same interval inseminated with semen stored for 0-48 h. ES for the 24-30 h AIOV interval and ST of 96-120 h was lower than that observed in the other groups (p < 0.05). 相似文献
15.
The dose-response curve was quantified for the avian repellency of cinnamamide, a derivative of the plant secondary compound cinnamic acid, using a three-day, ‘short-term no-choice’ test. This test was designed to resemble more closely the availability of alternative food in the birds' natural environment than in previous no-choice studies. Cinnamamide reduced food consumption by feral pigeons (Columba livia Gmelin) at concentrations as low as 6.17 μmole g?1 food (0.09% w/w) and this reduction increased with concentration. An R50 index, the concentration at which food consumption was reduced by 50% was interpolated from the dose-response curve as 18.4 (±0.38) μmole g?1 food 10.26% w/w). This index can now be matched with those of related compounds in future structure-activity studies. The birds' response to cinnamamide changed over the three-day trial with respect to concentration. Repellency declined at concentrations < R50 and increased at concentrations > R50. This suggests that pigeons become habituated to cinnamamide at low concentrations but at high concentrations they may develop a conditioned aversion. This study provides quantitative confirmation of previous laboratory and field demonstrations of cinnamamide's effectiveness as a non-lethal chemical repellent suitable for reducing avian pest damage. 相似文献
16.
Hoffmann KL Wood AK McCarthy PH Griffiths KA Evans DL Gill RW 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1999,28(5-6):281-289
Investigations of the equine peripheral vascular system have been constrained by the lack of a non-invasive method of examining the arteries and veins of the limbs of the conscious horse. Precise correlations were established between the gross anatomical features of the peripheral vessels and their B-mode sonographic appearance in each thoracic limb of 35 horses. A sonographic imaging protocol was established. Additional Doppler sonographic recordings defined the arterial waveforms and demonstrated that blood flow to the foot could be evaluated in the lateral proper digital artery, distal to the level of the coronary band. Valves (with 2-4 cusps) were identified in the lumina of the medial and lateral palmar common digital veins and those of the medial and lateral palmar proper digital veins. Spontaneous echo contrast, a smoke-like haze of echoic blood, was seen in the lateral and medial palmar common digital veins, the distal deep palmar venous arch and communicating branches, and the palmar proper digital veins, and occasionally seen in the distal deep palmar arterial arch and distal proper palmar digital arteries. The value of duplex sonography (B-mode and Doppler) for anatomical and physiological studies of the peripheral vasculature of the horse was clearly established. Such data could be applied to the investigation of diseases affecting the peripheral circulation. 相似文献
17.
18.
Summary An investigation on the protection afforded to ponies, by quinapyramine suraminate and its constituents used singly, againstTrypanosoma evansi infections of low and high intensity was conducted.
It was observed that full protection with the suraminate lasted for 61/2 to 231/2 months depending upon the dose of the drug
and intensity of the test infection employed. Considerable partial protection was evident up to 38 months. Prophylaxis with
suramin and quinapyramine extended up to 1 month and 11/2 months, respectively.
The protection period was observed to be directly related to the dose of the suraminate employed and inversely with the intensity
of the test infection.
Infections breaking through prophylaxis were characterized by sub-microscopic and low-grade parasitaemia which was mostly
detected by the rat-inoculation test only.
Sumario Se ha hecho una investigación sobre la protección conferida por varias dosis de suramina, sales de quinapiramina y MSb en ponis contra infecciones simples deTrypanosoma evansi y suraminato de quinapiramina contra infecciones repetidas. La protección completa con suramina, quinapiramina y su prosal y MSb se extendía hasta 1, 11/2, 2 y 3 meses, respectivamente. La protección con suraminato de quinapiramina variaba de 61/2 a 261/2 meses contra el desafío ‘suave’ y 61/2 a 231/2 meses contra el desafío ‘fuerte’. La protección parcial, sin embargo, era aparente por periodos de hasta 38 meses. La profilaxis con suraminato de quinapiramina era directamente proporcional a la dosisintervalo de la droga usada y usualmente inversamente proporcional a la cantidad del desafío empleado. Las infecciones recurrentes fueron caracterizadas por por una parasitemia rara ó muy escasa. Algunas vecez las infecciones no eran detectadas por la prueba microscópica. Esta conducta atípica de las infecciones fue demostrada no ser debida a una disminuida virulencia de le parásito.
Résumé Une étude à été faite sur la protection donnée aux chevaux par des doses variables de suramine, sels de quinapyramine et de MSb contre une infection unique parTrypanosoma evansi et par le suraminate de quinapyramine contre les infections répétées. Une protection complète par la suramine, la quinapyramine et son ‘prosalt’ et le MSb durait respectivement jusqu’ à 1, 11/2, 2 et 3 mois. La protection par le suraminate de quinapyramine contre l’épreuve légère variait de 6 mois et demi à 26 mois et demi et, contre l’épreuve sévère, de 6 mois et demi à 23 mois et demi. Une protection partielle a néanmoins été observée pendant des périodes allant jusqu’à 38 mois. La durée de la prophylaxie par le suraminate de quinapyramine était directement proportionnelle à la dose du médicament utilisée, habituellement inversement proportionnelle à la quantité des organismes utilisés pour l’épreuve. Les infections résultantes étaient caractérisées par un type de parasitémie rare et faible. Elles n’ont parfois pas du tout été révélées par l’examen microscopique. Il a été démontré que ce comportement atypique des infections n’était pas d? à une virulence diminuée du parasite.相似文献
19.
20.
Shu Q Hillard MA Bindon BM Duan E Xu Y Bird SH Rowe JB Oddy VH Gill HS 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(7):839-843
OBJECTIVE: To determine efficacy of vaccines incorporating QuilA, alum, dextran combined with mineral oil, or Freund adjuvant for immunization of feedlot cattle against Streptococcus bovis and Lactobacillus spp. ANIMALS: 24 steers housed under feedlot conditions. PROCEDURE: Steers were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups and a control group. Animals in experimental groups were inoculated on days 0 and 26 with vaccines containing Freund adjuvant (FCA), QuilA, dextran combined with mineral oil (Dex), or alum as adjuvant. Serum anti-S bovis and anti-Lactobacillus IgG concentrations were measured, along with fecal pH, ruminal fluid pH, and number of S bovis and Lactobacillus spp in ruminal fluid. RESULTS: Throughout the study, serum anti-S bovis and anti-Lactobacillus IgG concentrations for animals in the Dex, QuilA, and alum groups were similar to or significantly higher than concentrations for animals in the FCA group. Serum anti-S bovis and anti-Lactobacillus IgG concentrations were significantly increased on days 26 through 75 in all 4 experimental groups, and there was a linear relationship between anti-S bovis and anti-Lactobacillus IgG concentrations. For animals in the QuilA and Dex groups, mean pH of feces throughout the period of experiment were significantly higher and numbers of S bovis and Lactobacillus spp in ruminal fluid on day 47 were significantly lower than values for control cattle. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that immunization of feedlot steers against S bovis and Lactobacillus spp with vaccines incorporating Freund adjuvant, QuilA, dextran, or alum as an adjuvant effectively induced high, long-lasting serum anti-S bovis and anti-Lactobacillus IgG concentrations. Of the adjuvants tested, dextran may be the most effective. 相似文献