旱泉沟流域次生林演替过程中种群格局动态

对旱泉沟流域的植被种类组成、物种多样性和物种重要值进行调查分析,采用TWINSPAN对旱泉沟流域次生植物群落进行数量分类,从植物群系组成、植物群落之间的生态关系方面,研究旱泉沟流域封山禁牧区植被群落的分布格局,初步探讨乔木树种的演替趋势。研究结果表明：1）采用TWINSPAN数量分类方法,将植被划分为7个群落类型;2）从群落Ⅰ到群落Ⅶ, 乔木、灌木、草本的Simpson优势度指数基本持平,Shannon Wiener多样性指数为乔木<灌木<草本,Pielou均匀度指数为乔木>草本>灌木,物种丰富度逐渐升高。群落的物种组成和空间结构逐渐复杂化,并趋于稳定;3）次生林的演替序列为山杨树Populus davidiana→桦树Betula platyphylla→青海云杉Pica crassifolia,其自然演替顶级为青海云杉。     

家庭因素对边疆少数民族大学生心理健康影响研究

为准确把握家庭因素对边疆少数民族大学生心理健康的影响,本文运用卡特尔16PF人格因素量表、大学生人格问卷UPI和SCL-90症状自评量表,采用随机抽样的方式,对边疆9省少数民族大学生心理健康状况进行调查;并结合自己设计的《边疆地区少数民族大学生基本情况调查问卷》的调查结果进行对应分析,用SPSS13.0进行数据处理。结果表明:家庭整体氛围、家庭教育方式与家庭成员的关系状况对研究对象的心理健康状况有显著影响,而家庭规模、家庭生活水平、家庭收入水平、家庭负担大学开支情况,以及研究对象是否是独生子女、在家中的排行、在家庭中的地位对研究对象的心理健康状况没有显著影响。     

Effects of an extreme flash flood on the native fish assemblages across a Mediterranean catchment

Abstract  The effects of an extreme flash flood on the native fish assemblages across a Mediterranean catchment in Southwest Portugal were investigated. The fish community structure and habitat were surveyed at 10 sites pre- and post-flood. Overall species richness and rank abundances changed little after the flood, despite there being a consistent decline in the abundance of small cyprinids. Pre- and post-flood habitat correlates of abundance changed for at least some species, and variability in assemblage structure was associated with flood, depth and pH. These results indicate that extreme floods occurring early in the wet season may have little disruptive effects on the overall structure of native fish assemblages in Mediterranean streams, although may at least partially influence population dynamics for some species. Habitat quality and complexity are likely to play a role in mediating species responses to flooding.     

Joint Acaricidal Action of Diafenthiuron and Fenbutatin-oxide Against Tetranychus cinnabarinus （Boisduval） （Acari： Tetranychidae）

[Objective]This study was conducted to obtain a new high-efficiency acaricide mixture.[Method]The synergism acaricidal of diafenthiuron and fenbutatin-oxide against carmine spider mite was investigated,and the optimal ratio of both acaricides were determined by means of co-toxicity factors and co-toxicity coefficients（CTC）.[Result]At 24 h post-treatment,the LC50values of diafenthiuron and fenbutatin-oxide against T.cinnabarinus female adults were 154.67 and 93.26 mg/L,respectively,and the synergistic mass ratios of diafenthiuron and fenbutatin-oxide ranged from 1：0.06 to 1：0.87,and the optimal diafenthiuron-to-fenbutatin-oxide ratio was 1：0.39 with the LC50and CTC of 67.87 mg/L and 188.93（CTC significantly above 100 strongly indicated synergism）,respectively,and the toxicity relative to diafenthiuron and fenbutatin-oxide was 2.28 and 1.37 times,respectively.[Conclusion]The joint acaricidal action of diafenthiuron and fenbutatin-oxide strongly indicates synergism.These findings proved scientific theoretical basis for mixing diafenthiuron and fenbutatin-oxide to control spider mites and developing a new synergisic acaricide.     

高寒区多源降水产品精度与水文模拟效果评估——以雅鲁藏布江流域和拉萨河流域为例

卫星降水产品在缺资料地区开展水文气象研究及径流模拟中发挥着至关重要的作用,然而卫星降水产品的精度可能会影响径流模拟效果。采用多种统计指标和VIC水文模型综合评估5种卫星降水产品(CMORPH-BLD、GSMaP＿Gauge、CMFD、MSWEP和PERSIANN-CDR)在雅鲁藏布江流域的精度和拉萨河流域的水文模拟效果。结果表明：(1)CMORPH＿BLD和GSMaP＿Gauge在少雨季存在低估,CMFD在少雨季与观测值具有很好的一致性。MSWEP和PERSIANN-CDR在多雨季和少雨季存在高估。降水量方面,CMORPH-BLD和CMFD均较为接近观测值,其他降水产品存在不同程度的高估。(2)日尺度上,除CMFD外其他卫星降水数据与观测值具有较小的相关性(0.26～0.45),CMORPH-BLD和CMFD和观测值具有较好的一致性,CMFD和MSWEP探测小降水事件(0.1,0.5,1 mm/d)的能力优于GSMaP＿Gauge。各卫星降水产品在探测强降水(2,5,10 mm/d)方面能力不足。日降水2 mm/d的降水阈值为各分类指数的变化点。(3)月尺度上,各降水产品与观测值具有很...     

Chemical speciation of copper and manganese in solution of a copper-contaminated soil and young grapevine growth with amendment application

Copper(Cu)-based fungicide application to control foliar diseases in grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.) can increase soil Cu availability. Brazilian soils have high natural Cu and manganese(Mn) concentrations, increasing the potential for toxicity to grapevine plants. Application of amendment substances can reduce the concentrations of toxic chemical species of Cu and Mn in soil solution, especially for the soils grown with young plants. We evaluated the chemical speciation of Cu and Mn in soil soluti...     

黄浦江上游近自然混交林和人工纯林水源涵养功能评价

以上海黄浦江上游水源涵养林为研究对象,选择近自然混交林、香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)人工纯林和无患子(Sapindus mukorossi)人工纯林,对比了地上部分、枯落物层、土壤层三个垂直层次的持水量,综合评价了其水源涵养功能。结果表明:地上部分持水量近自然混交林与香樟纯林持平,大于无患子纯林,分别为16.36t/hm2,16.85t/hm2,12.54t/hm2;枯落物层最大持水量依次为近自然混交林(0.37t/hm2)无患子纯林(0.004t/hm2)香樟纯林(0.003t/hm2);土壤层最大持水量近自然混交林(2 657.02t/hm2)无患子纯林(2 526.81t/hm2)香樟纯林(2 474.80t/hm2)。土壤层对森林涵养水源功能的贡献最大,但同时离不开地上部分及枯落物层三者间的相互依存和影响。综合评价得到不同类型林分的总持水量为近自然混交林(2 673.73t/hm2)无患子纯林(2 539.35t/hm2)香樟纯林(2 491.65t/hm2)。由此可见,林分复杂、树种多样、林下植被丰富的近自然混交林涵养水源的能力最强,优于单一的无患子纯林,而香樟纯林最差。     

Approaches to pathogen-mediated resistance breeding against plum pox potyvirus in stone-fruit trees1

In a programme for developing systems which allow the transfer of foreign genes into apricot cultivars, we have tested cotyledons of immature embryos, somatic embryos and leaf discs. Apricot plants have been transformed, and then regenerated, with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 containing various binary plasmids: pBinGUSint, carrying the marker gene β-glucuronidase (GUS), and pBinPPVm, carrying the coat-protein gene of plum pox potyvirus (PPV). The marker gene GUS was used for visual evaluation of the efficiency of the transformation system. The coat-protein gene was used in the hope of introducing coat protein-mediated resistance to one of the most important stone-fruit pathogens in Europe and the Mediterranean area.     

土豆淀粉废水发酵普鲁兰多糖的研究

普鲁兰多糖是一种具有重要应用价值的微生物胞外多糖。淀粉废水是加工淀粉过程中不可避免的一种产物,成份复杂,营养丰富。利用淀粉废水作为碳源制得普鲁兰多糖,不仅使多糖的生产成本降低,变废为宝,还会减少环境污染。本文通过比较实验获得用土豆淀粉废水(potato starch waste)制多糖产率高于其它碳源,并且确定最佳发酵培养基为(%):土豆淀粉废水10,KH2PO40.6 NaCL0.2(NH4)2SO40.08。     

浅谈牧草转基因育种研究进展

简要概述了牧草遗传转化方向及牧草转基因所取得的主要贡献,介绍了牧草遗传转化三种方法,并就今后的发展前景和转基因育种生物安全问题做了初步探讨。