四倍体刺槐的生物量及营养动态分析

为了更好地了解四倍体刺槐(tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia)生长季节的生物量和营养质量分数动态变化,为确定其饲料林的最佳刈割时期提供理论依据,在测定1～2年生林分生长时期叶片营养的基础上,测定了3年生林分的株高、基径和叶质量、茎质量动态,并分析了此林分的叶片、茎杆和整株的营养动态。结果表明:叶片和茎杆生物量的变化与株高和基径生长动态相似,均在6月25日前增加迅速,然后进入缓慢生长期,最后从8月10日再次快速生长;不同年份的叶片营养质量分数具有相似的变化趋势;在整个生长过程中,叶片的粗蛋白质量分数最高,茎杆最低,且粗蛋白质量分数从6—7月份下降迅速,随后逐渐下降;叶片、茎杆和整株的干物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维质量分数在生长季节逐渐增加,而且均在叶片中质量分数最低、茎杆中最高。综合考虑叶片及当年生茎杆生物量和粗蛋白质的相互变化,确定四倍体刺槐第1次最佳刈割时期为6月下旬。     

Relationship Between Substrate Water Content and Weight Loss,Mycelium Culture Time and Hypsizygus marmoreus Growth Yields

Changes in the weight and water content of the growth substrate at different cultivation times significantly affected Hypsizygus marmoreus growth yields.Highest growth yields(132.6~146.3 g per culture) were achieved when the mycelium culture and maturation period was between 80 and 90 days,and the substrate water content was 73%~74%.Physiological maturation of H.marmoreus mycelium was correlated with the substrate water content.     

Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci for type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels

New strategies for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) require improved insight into disease etiology. We analyzed 386,731 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1464 patients with T2D and 1467 matched controls, each characterized for measures of glucose metabolism, lipids, obesity, and blood pressure. With collaborators (FUSION and WTCCC/UKT2D), we identified and confirmed three loci associated with T2D-in a noncoding region near CDKN2A and CDKN2B, in an intron of IGF2BP2, and an intron of CDKAL1-and replicated associations near HHEX and in SLC30A8 found by a recent whole-genome association study. We identified and confirmed association of a SNP in an intron of glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) with serum triglycerides. The discovery of associated variants in unsuspected genes and outside coding regions illustrates the ability of genome-wide association studies to provide potentially important clues to the pathogenesis of common diseases.     

植物细胞质雄性不育与线粒体基因组的分子生物学研究进展

本文综述了植物细胞质雄性不育和线粒体基因组基因及其表达产物的分子生物学研究进展。对细胞质雄性不育遗传因子的细胞器定位、线粒体基因组嵌合基因及其表达产物与细胞质雄性不育的产生的关系、育性恢复基因对线粒体嵌合基因表达的影响、线粒体质粒和RNA 编辑对细胞质雄性不育的影响等细胞质雄性不育的分子生物学研究进展进行了讨论。     

Constitutive Expression of Sense & Antisense PtAP3, an AP3 Homologue Gene of Populus tomentosa, Affects Growth and Flowering Time in Transgenic To-bacco

To analyze the function of PtAP3, an APETALA3 (AP3) homologue gene isolated from Populus tomentosa Carr., the full length sequence (1 797 bp) and a fragment (870 bp) of PtAP3 were fused to a CaMV 35S promoter of pBI121 to generate the sense and antisense constructs of PtAP3. These constructs were transformed into tobacco by Agrobacterium infection of leaf disks and selection on kanamycin medium. Some sense and antisense transgenic tobacco plants were obtained by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Great phenotypic differences in transgenic tobacco plants were observed. Almost all of sense PtAP3 to transgenic tobaccos showed a higher growth rate than those of antisense transformants and a few developed pregnancy earlier than wild type seedlings and antisense transformants under the same conditions.     

克服棉属种间杂交不亲和性的研究

陆地棉（Ｇ．ｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍＬ．２ｎ＝５２）与亚洲棉（Ｇ．ａｒｂｏｒｅｕｍＬ．２ｎ＝２６）杂交，由于种间隔离，遗传机制差异较大，不易结实，我们多年研究结果表明，棉属（Ｇｏｓｓｙｐｉｕｍ）种间杂交由于选配的亲本不同Ｆ０代的成胚频率差异很大，选择植株呼吸强度大，叶绿素ａ含量高和主要经济性状如单铃重、单铃种子数、子指等一般配全力较高的棉种作亲本，可以显著提高杂交当代的成胚率。     

水稻育性光温调控模式假说——水稻光温敏不育机理的探讨

本文在前人的研究基础上,结合作者的认识,应用分子遗传学的观点,提出水稻光温敏不育机理的假说。本假说认为水稻光温敏不育是由调控基因突变引起的,而不是由育性结构基因突变引起的。本假说可较好地解释光温敏不育系中的有关问题。     

人参叶cDNA文库构建中的问题与对策

人参是传统中药的典型代表且具有很高的药用价值。作为一种广泛种植的中药材，它的次生代谢产物种类多，但目前关于人参有效成分如人参皂苷的生物合成途径及其调控的基础研究相对缺乏。本文以人参叶组织为材料，总结了构建人参叶cDNA文库过程中存在的一些关键问题和应采取的对策，为今后人参和其它药用植物的RNA提取、构建高质量的cDNA文库来保存珍贵基因资源、克隆和研究与有效成分合成相关的基因及EST文库等。提供技术参考和理论指导。     

Rubisco小亚基基因片段的亚克隆及其瞬时表达载体的构建

1,5一二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶／加氧酶位于植物叶绿体中,是绿色植物中含量最丰富的蛋白,它催化CO2固定和光呼吸作用的第一步。从含Rubisco小亚基基因片段的pGR107-rbcS质粒中亚克隆出Rubisco小亚基基因片段,将PCR产物与pGEM-T：Easy载体连接,用EcoRI酶切鉴定酶切重组载体,利用低溶点胶回收大约300bp大小的Rubisco小亚基基因片段,将其回收片段与pSLJ75515瞬时表达载体连接,用EcoRI酶切鉴定,筛选出阳性重组体,即为pSLJ75515-rbcS瞬时表达载体。本实验为进一步研究Rubisco小亚基基因功能和基因沉默机制奠定了基础。     

水稻外源DNA导入系的创建及主要性状分析

通过花粉管通道法将稗草总体DNA和玉米总体DNA导入水稻受体R122中,获得的D1代变异频率分别高达1．487％和3．81％。对稳定的3个玉米DNA导入系和4个稗草DNA导入系研究表明,与受体R122相比,导入系在株型、株高、生育期、分蘖力、着粒密度、粒形、稃尖颜色、稻瘟病抗性、稻米品质、恢复力和耐储藏性等生物学性状方面发生了广泛的变异。同时讨论了外源DNA导入水稻的变异频率和在水稻育种中的应用前景。