Comparison of Physicochemical and Structural Properties of Acid-Soluble and Pepsin-Soluble Collagens from Blacktip Reef Shark Skin

Fish collagen has been widely used in tissue engineering (TE) applications as an implant, which is generally transplanted into target tissue with stem cells for better regeneration ability. In this case, the success rate of this research depends on the fundamental components of fish collagen such as amino acid composition, structural and rheological properties. Therefore, researchers have been trying to find an innovative raw material from marine origins for tissue engineering applications. Based on this concept, collagens such as acid-soluble (ASC) and pepsin-soluble (PSC) were extracted from a new type of cartilaginous fish, the blacktip reef shark, for the first time, and were further investigated for physicochemical, protein pattern, microstructural and peptide mapping. The study results confirmed that the extracted collagens resemble the protein pattern of type-I collagen comprising the α₁, α₂, β and γ chains. The hydrophobic amino acids were dominant in both collagens with glycine and hydroxyproline as major amino acids. From the FTIR spectra, α helix (27.72 and 26.32%), β-sheet (22.24 and 23.35%), β-turn (21.34 and 22.08%), triple helix (14.11 and 14.13%) and random coil (14.59 and 14.12%) structures of ASC and PSC were confirmed, respectively. Collagens retained their triple helical and secondary structure well. Both collagens had maximum solubility at 3% NaCl and pH 4, and had absorbance maxima at 234 nm, respectively. The peptide mapping was almost similar for ASC and PSC at pH 2, generating peptides ranging from 15 to 200 kDa, with 23 kDa as a major peptide fragment. The microstructural analysis confirmed the homogenous fibrillar nature of collagens with more interconnected networks. Overall, the preset study concluded that collagen can be extracted more efficiently without disturbing the secondary structure by pepsin treatment. Therefore, the blacktip reef shark skin could serve as a potential source for collagen extraction for the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.     

油管式传感器车辆行驶称重系统算法研究

在分析油管式车辆动态称重系统工作原理和特性的基础上,建立了相应的称重系统称量数学模型;利用非线性最小二乘优化算法获得最小平方误差意义上的静载参数估计,同时根据前后油管信号的相关性实现了车速的精确测量和计算;并通过实车试验,验证该算法是可行的,且达到了较好的精度,为车辆超载检测提供了一种经济有效的手段。     

机插水稻栽培要点

水稻移栽实行机械化栽插是农业机械化种植的重要组成部分,具有省工、节本、增产、增效等优点,是一项新兴的轻型栽培技术。在夏收夏种季节有利于缓解劳力的矛盾,有利于种植业规模经营发展。机插秧同手插秧相比,播量大、秧龄短,可采用适龄小苗移栽。句容市自2003年大面积推广该技     

东北春玉米全生育期气候适宜度评价

适宜的气候要素是保障东北春玉米健康生长和高产稳产的基本条件。依据温、光、水气候要素对春玉米生长的影响,分别构建温度、日照和降水适宜度模型,引入有效降水提高模型精度,再基于有效降水和实际降水将三种气候要素耦合建立综合气候适宜度模型Ⅰ和模型Ⅱ,并利用1994—2013年有效气象、物候数据和2003—2010年像元尺度大田玉米生长状况时序遥感监测信息对海伦和泰来两个典型东北农业台站进行模型测试检验,将最适用模型应用于东北三省玉米典型种植区以估算2008与2009年25个站点不同生育期各气候要素适宜度。检验结果表明,“基于有效降水的模型Ⅰ”所估算的全生育期综合气候适宜度与NDVI、EVI的相关系数(0.58、0.29)均优于“基于实际降水的模型Ⅱ”(0.52、0.18),融合有效降水信息的模型Ⅰ更能有效捕获气候要素对春玉米生长胁迫现象。应用结果显示,模型Ⅰ估算的2008和2009年东北春玉米全生育期综合气候适宜度分别为0.67和0.56,与该地区2008年春玉米实际产量高于2009年表现一致;两年间东北三省春玉米各气候要素适宜度总体表现为温度>日照>有效降水;辽宁与吉林的温度、有效...     

实时荧光PCR检测马铃薯白线虫技术研究

马铃薯胞囊线虫是马铃薯上最重要的有害生物之一,也是我国特别关注的重要植物检疫性线虫.针对马铃薯白线虫ITS序列,我们设计了引物和TaqMan探针,使用15种马铃薯胞囊线虫群体和4种其它胞囊线虫样品进行验证,可高度灵敏地检测单个马铃薯白线虫的胞囊或幼虫,最高检测灵敏度达到10fs;同时开展了混合样品和未知样品的检测,证明了引物的专化性和TaqMan探针特异性.该检测方法可自动化检测马铃薯白线虫并进行定量,适合进行标准化的常规检测.     

草莓悬浮细胞原生质体培养再生愈伤组织

以草毒品种宝交早生的花药愈伤组织建立的悬浮细胞系为试材,对原生质体分离和再生进行研究。结果表明:酶液的渗透压、浓度和配比对悬浮细胞原生质体产量和活力有重要的影响。悬浮细胞在CPW+1.0％ Cellulase R-10+0.5 Macerozyme R-10+0.05％Pectolyase Y-23+0.6mol/L甘露醇+0.5％PVP的酶液中酶解12h,原生质体产量和活力最高,分别达16.35×10~6/g和84.6％。采用液体浅层培养法对原生质体进行培养获得了再生愈伤组织。     

桃红叶植原体检测及鉴定

对表现红叶的桃植株进行植原体16SrRNA基因PCR扩增,得到1.2kb的特异片段.将此片段与pGEM T Easy载体连接并转化到大肠杆茵DH5α感受态细胞中.通过酶切、PCR鉴定,对筛选得到的重组阳性克隆进行序列测定及同源性比较分析,确定该株系属于翠菊黄化植原体组(Aster yellows group,16SrI).在国内首次报道了翠菊黄化组中的植原体侵染桃树.     

大豆疫霉根腐病菌毒素产生条件的研究

 大豆疫霉根腐病(Phytophthora sojae)是大豆的重要病害之一,危害大,发展快。自1918年首次在美国印弟安那州发现此病以来、相继在澳大利亚、加拿大,匈牙利等国发生。     

桔小实蝇在不同杨梅品种上的生长发育特性研究

本文选择了浙江3种不同杨梅品种,研究了桔小实蝇取食后的生长发育相关5种性状的差异,结果表明,幼虫历期以荸荠种最短,蛹历期和蛹重,水梅值最小;雄成虫东魁最重,并均与另2个杨梅品种差异达显著水平。而幼虫,幼虫-蛹,幼虫-成虫3种存活率,荸荠种最高,水梅最低,二者差异也达显著水平。显然桔小实蝇对不同杨梅品种喜好有所不同,其较为喜好荸荠种,较不喜好水梅。结合果实性状考查结果,不喜好的原因可能与水梅偏酸有关。但上述3品种上桔小实蝇生长发育性状与其嗜好寄主香蕉极为     

辣椒白粉病防治技术初探

采用引进新农药拿敌稳75%WG(水分散粒剂)开展其不同浓度防治辣椒白粉病试验,探讨辣椒白粉病最佳防治技术。试验结果表明:拿敌稳75%WG3000倍液防治辣椒白粉病,防效达95.27%;增产效果最明显,其平均株高、鲜株重、百果干重、每株总果数、单产、商品率均高于其它处理和当地对照药剂;经济效益比为1∶13.41。