植物高油育种研究进展

植物油脂在国民经济中占有越来越重要的地位,选育和推广植物高油品种是提高经济效益的重要途径。本文综述了近年来已经成功选育的几种主要油料作物、高油品种及植物高油育种的途径和方法,展望了植物高油育种的发展前景。     

长白山北坡针叶林带蛾类多样性

2003年6月至2006年9月,对长白山北坡针叶林蛾类做了较全面的调查,针叶林带蛾类种类共计12科,118种,其中夜蛾和尺蛾是北坡针叶林带蛾类的优势类群,各月份蛾类组成及数量差异较大,7月份蛾类的多样性指数、物种丰富度和个体数量都最高,6月份蛾类的多样性指数、物种丰富度和个体数量最低,多样性指数与均匀度不一至,相关系数为-0.15,不同月份的蛾类相似性系数很低。     

格宜镇石漠化生态修复项目效益评价

对宣威市格宜镇2009年实施的云南高原石漠化生态修复项目进行了调查评价,总结了该项目实施的经验和特点。调查评价表明:1000亩造林地块成活率达95.95%、保存率达94.5%,川滇桤木、圆柏、滇合欢3个造林树种年地径和高生长量均大于指标要求,造林成效明显,森林郁闭后每年至少可产生替代价值1290.1万元。     

对亚布力林业局经济效益多因素敏感性的分析

利用亚布力林业局经营方案数据,选择对该局经济效益影响的不确定因素进行敏感性分析,解决不确定因素的变动直接影响到林业局的综合经济效益。     

喷孔几何特征对孔内流动及近孔区域燃油雾化的影响

采用混合多相流模型与空穴模型相结合的方法,对喷孔内部流动特性及近孔区域燃油喷射及雾化进行数值模拟。计算结果表明,喷孔几何特征对其内部流动特性及近孔区域燃油喷射及雾化具有重要影响,对于截面渐扩的喷孔,孔内空化效应、湍流度均增强,喷孔出口流速提高,喷油压力增大时效果更显著,空穴强度增大能够促进近孔区域燃油快速分裂,使燃油液滴雾化更细小,有利于柴油机油气混合以及性能的提高。对于截面渐缩的喷孔,孔内空化效应受到抑制、湍流度和喷孔出口流速均降低,喷孔出口液柱较长、液块较大,近孔区域燃油雾化程度降低。     

A Sulfated Polysaccharide from Saccharina japonica Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammation Both in a Macrophage Cell Model via Blocking MAPK/NF-κB Signal Pathways In Vitro and a Zebrafish Model of Embryos and Larvae In Vivo

Inflammation is a complicated host-protective response to stimuli and toxic conditions, and is considered as a double-edged sword. A sulfated Saccharina japonica polysaccharide (LJPS) with a sulfate content of 9.07% showed significant inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and zebrafish. Its chemical and structural properties were investigated via HPLC, GC, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. In vitro experiments demonstrated that LJPS significantly inhibited the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) via the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β production via the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathways in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, LJPS showed strong protective effects against LPS-induced inflammatory responses in zebrafish, increasing the survival rate, reducing the heart rate and yolk sac edema size, and inhibiting cell death and the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO. Its convenience for large-scale production and significant anti-inflammatory activity indicated the potential application of LJPS in functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.     

胚培杏新品种———山农凯新1号

 ‘山农凯新1号’是以丰产性强的‘凯特’杏为母本, 以品质优良的‘新世纪’杏为父本进行有性杂交, 结合胚培技术育成的新品种, 具有成熟早、香味浓、品质优、自交坐果率高、丰产性强等特点。     

植物组织中自由水和束缚水含量测定方法的改进

在对测定植物组织自由水和束缚水的常规方法——阿贝折射仪法的误差来源进行分析的基础上,对其测定方法进行了改进,将测定糖液的浓度改为直接测定叶片的质量,通过测试不同蔬菜的组织材料,确定了改进后的测定方法——称重法。称重法操作简便,误差小。     

菌种世代栽培效果的研究

研究结果表明，无论是香菇生料菌砖栽培，还是金针菇熟料袋栽，菌种世代的多少对产量均无明显的影响，这可能是由于菌种通过无性繁殖，遗传性变异甚小之故；研究结果还表明，金针菇菌丝生长的速度似乎有随着菌种工代的增多而加快的趋势，这窨是由于低代菌种自琼脂培养基移接天以杂本屑，棉籽壳等为主要原料的粗质培养基上的时间较短，适应酶的活性较弱，分解，利用高分子化合物的能力较差，故菌丝生长速度较为缓慢？还是由于其他原因     

Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment alters the activity of antioxidant enzymes and protects chloroplast ultrastructure in heat-stressed cucumber leaves

To elucidate the physiological mechanism of heat stress mitigated by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) further, seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv Lvfeng no. 6 were subjected to two temperatures (42/38 and 25/18 °C) after pretreatment with 1.5 mM H₂O₂. We investigated whether exogenous H₂O₂ could protect chloroplast ultrastructure under heat stress (42/38 °C) and whether the protective effect was associated with the regulation of antioxidant enzymes. The heat condition disintegrated the membranes of 71.4% chloroplasts in the leaf cells and resulted in the elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and endogenous H₂O₂. When H₂O₂ pretreatment was combined with the heat stress, the abnormal chloroplasts occurred at a rate of 33.3%, and the contents of MDA and endogenous H₂O₂ were decreased. Heat stress and exogenous H₂O₂ both increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, EC 1.11.1.9), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reducatase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2). The combined effect of heat stress and H₂O₂ pretreatment led to higher activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), GSH-Px, DHAR, MDHAR and GR in comparison to the heat treatment alone. We propose that exogenous H₂O₂ increases antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumber leaves, decreases lipid peroxidation, and thus protects the ultrastructure of chloroplasts under heat stress.