华北石质山区山茱萸人工林蒸腾特征及水分供求关系

于2005年及2006年主要生长季节(4-9月),采用由热扩散植物液流技术测算得到的蒸腾速率数据,结合同步观测得到降雨量,分析华北石质山区15年生山茱萸人工林耗水规律及水分供求关系.结果表明:1)山茱萸人工林蒸腾量呈现出明显的日际变化或月变化特征.表现为4-5月逐渐升高、6月左右达到高峰值、7月以后逐渐降低.2005年及2006年4-9月蒸腾总量分别为265.3和194.9 mm,4-9月各月蒸腾总量占蒸腾总量的比例在2005年分别为10.7%、22.3%、21.6%、21.2%、12.9%和11.2%,在2006年分别为16.2%、20.2%、20.3%、17.9%、13.6%和11.2%;2)蒸腾与冠层太阳总辐射、空气温度、湿度及风速等微气象要素有很好的复相关性(α=0.01),偏相关系数表明,各月内影响蒸腾的最主要微气象因子都是冠层太阳总辐射;3)4-9月降雨总量与蒸腾总量的比值(R/Tr)＞1.0,且除4月外,其他各月R/Tr也大于或接近于1.0,说明除4月外,降水可以满足山茱萸人工林蒸腾耗水的需要.     

Effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on Rumen Dry Matter Digestibility,Fermentation Parameters and Metabolites of Dairy Cows北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on rumen dry matter digestibility, fermentation parameters and metabolites of dairy cows. Experiment 1: six dairy cows with permanent fistula and had the similar parity (2 to 3 fetuses), body weight [(662 ±57) kg], lactation days [(160 ± 22) d] and milk yield [(36.1 ±3.8) kg / d], were randomly divided into 3 groups with 2 cows per group. Using 3 ×3 Latin square design, each group was extra fed 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, the trial period was 3 periods, 13 days for each period, including 10 days for the pre-trial period and 3 days for the trial period. At the beginning of the trial period, the rumen dry matter digestibility of cows was measured by nylon bag method. Experiment 2: thirty dairy cows with similar parity [(2.5 ±0.3) fetuses], initial body weight [(559.2 ± 7. 4) kg], milk yield [(35. 2 ± 1. 5) kg / d] and lactation days [(99 ± 22) d] were randomly divided into three groups with 10 cows in each group. Cows in the 3 groups were extra fed with 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, respectively. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the trial period was 42 days. The rumen fluid was collected on the last day of the trial period, and the rumen fermentation parameters and metabolites were determined. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, 1) supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h (P <0.05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 36 and 48 h (P <0.05); 2) supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, total volatile fatty acid and microbial protein in the rumen of dairy cows (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen of dairy cows and significantly reduce the rumen acetic acid / propionic acid (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 Bacillus amylolyticus had no effects on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P >0.05); 3) eleven metabolic pathways related to differential metabolites were detected, and ascorbic acid and alginate metabolism were significantly enriched (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, Bacillus amylolyticus can increase the rumen dry matter digestibility, and improve the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows by affecting the content of rumen metabolites. By comprehensive analysis, supplementary feeding of 5 × 109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus can achieve better effect. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

The localization and expression of epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor in bovine ovary during oestrous cycle

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of the important regulatory factors of EGF family. EGF has been indicated to effectively inhibit the apoptosis of follicular cells, to promote the proliferation of granulosa cells and the maturation of oocytes, and to induce ovulation process via binding to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, little is known about the distribution and expression of EGF and EGFR in cattle ovary especially during oestrous cycle. In this study, the localization and expression rule of EGF and EGFR in cattle ovaries of follicular phase and luteal phase at different time points in oestrous cycle were investigated by using IHC and real-time qPCR. The results showed that EGF and EGFR in cattle ovary were mainly expressed in granulosa cells, cumulus cells, oocytes, zona pellucida, follicular fluid and theca folliculi externa of follicles. The protein and mRNA expression of EGF/EGFR in follicles changed regularly with the follicular growth wave both in follicular and in luteal phase ovaries. In follicular phase ovaries, the protein expression of EGF and EGFR was higher in antral follicles than that of those in other follicles during follicular growth stage, and the mRNA expression of EGFR was also increased in stage of dominant follicle selection. However, in luteal phase ovaries, the growth of follicles was impeded during corpus luteum development under the action of progesterone secreted by granular lutein cell. The mRNA and protein expressions of EGF and EGFR in ovarian follicles during oestrous cycle indicate that they play a role in promoting follicular development in follicular growth waves and mediating the selection process of dominant follicles.     

鸡微卫星DNA指纹与屠宰性状关系的研究

利用25个微卫星标记,对以隐性白羽鸡和仙居鸡为亲本建立的资源群体F2500只鸡进行遗传检测,并测定各个体的活重、屠体重、屠体率,采用方差分析法对标记与性状进行连锁分析.研究结果表明各位点平均等位基因数为5,平均杂合度为0.7012,平均多态信息含量为0.6468.方差分析显示MCW0095、ABR0322、ADL289、MCW4、ADL166、MCW104对活重、屠体重有显著影响(P＜0.05或0.01);MCW104对屠体率有极显著影响(P＜0.01);其他标记对性状的影响未达到显著水平.     

猪圆环病毒2型GD株ORF2基因的序列分析

根据GenBank中猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）0RF2基因序列，设计一对引物，应用PCR从本室鉴定分离的PCV2 GD株的细胞培养物中扩增出ORF2基因（702bp）。将此基因片段克隆入pMD18-T载体，筛选获得重组质粒pMD—ORF2并对其测序，结果表明所克隆的ORF2基因与其他PCV2的0RF2基因核苷酸序列同源性在92．1％～99．9％之间，推导的氨基酸序列同源性在90．2％～99．5％之间。     

基于粒子群算法的发动机悬置系统稳健优化设计

应用稳健优化设计理论,考虑设计变量的变差对优化设计结果的影响,建立了稳健优化设计模型.以发动机悬置系统能量解耦为目标,悬置刚度参数为设计变量,考虑目标函数和约束函数均值μ和标准差σ的变化,构造了发动机悬置系统的稳健优化模型.采用粒子群优化算法对发动机悬置系统的悬置刚度参数进行了稳健优化设计,并用Monte Carlo方法进行了分析.设计应用表明,优化方法可以有效降低系统解耦度对悬置刚度参数的敏感性,系统解耦度分布更合理.比遗传算法的计算效率高.     

冬季黑穗醋栗叶绿素含量及影响因素的初步研究

冬季黑穗醋栗（Ｒｉｂｅｓ　ｎｉｇｒｕｍ　Ｌ．）枝条树皮中叶绿素含量不断下降，仲冬（１月份）时达最低点，叶绿素含量变化与月平均气温相吻合．叶绿素含量下降与冰冻低温有关，更与冰冻低温结合日照有关．冰冻能直接引起叶绿素含量下降，其中ａ的下降率低于ｂ的下降率，因而ａ／ｂ比值增大．叶绿素含量下降能导致组织细胞电解质渗出率加大，所以冬季冰冻低温及其与光照相结合会造成树皮组织细胞的伤害，其向阳面更重．     

冷冻技术在昆虫标本制作中的应用研究

指出了昆虫标本制作是许多农林高校、职业技术学院病虫防治专业课以及中、小学生物课学习中必不可少的一项实践性教学环节。通过多年的实践和探索,总结出了一整套利用冷冻技术采集、制作和保存昆虫标本的新方法。新方法在诸多方面优于传统方法,安全、卫生、不脱色、不易被虫蛀、简单、方便、野外采集更加能体现其优势。此方法可应用于多种生物标本的制作中,为相关高校以及中、小学的昆虫标本采集制作开辟了一条新的途径。     

河北坝上农田垄向对土壤风蚀的影响

在河北省坝上选择试验区 ,利用移动式风洞研究了农田起垄方向对土壤风蚀的影响。结果表明 ,农田起垄方向对土壤风蚀具有影响作用 :垄向与风向成 0°时风蚀量最大 ,90°时风蚀量最小 ;在 15m·s-1风速和 3cm表土含水率为 4 5 %的条件下 ,垄向与风向成 0°时的风蚀量为 90°时的 4 8倍。为减轻土壤风蚀危害 ,在河北坝上地区农田起垄的方向宜采用与自然风向NW (西北风向 ,315°)成 90°,即东北方向 4 5°。     

基于姿态与时序特征的猪只行为识别方法

生猪行为监测是生猪养殖管理过程中的一个重要环节。该研究提出了基于姿态与时序特征的猪只行为识别方法。首先采集和标注猪栏内猪只图像,分别构建了猪只目标检测数据集、猪只关键点数据集和猪只行为识别数据集;利用构建的数据集,分别训练了基于YOLOv5s的猪只检测模型、基于轻量化OpenPose算法的猪只姿态估计模型和基于ST-GCN算法的猪只行为识别模型,并搭建了猪只行为识别系统。经测试,文中训练的YOLOv5s猪只检测模型mAP（mean Average Precision）最高达到0.995,姿态估计模型平均精度和平均召回率达到93%以上,基于ST-GCN的猪只行为识别模型的平均准确率为86.67%。文中构建的猪只行为识别系统中基于LibTorch推理猪只检测模型和猪只姿态估计模型的单帧推理耗时分别约为14和65 ms,单只猪行为识别推理耗时约为8 ms,每提取200帧连续姿态进行一次行为识别推理,平均17 s更新一次行为识别结果。证明提出的基于姿态与时序特征的猪只行为识别方法具有一定可行性,为群养猪场景下的猪只行为识别提供了思路。