对奢侈品消费的心理分析与探讨

快速发展的中国经济造就了一批新富阶层,而他们又引导了国内最近2年轰轰烈烈的奢侈消费风潮,形成中国庞大的奢侈品消费市场。在这个以勤俭节约为美德,视奢侈为浪费的国度里,奢侈品消费行为有何特征,本文通过对比分析中外奢侈品消费的差别,探讨在中国如何引导理性的奢侈品消费。     

冬小麦冬灌、秸秆覆盖、后期喷生长剂的节水增产效果的研究

试验证明，适时冬灌比早春灌，具有良好的防旱防冻、促根壮蘖增穗作用；小麦越冬期秸秆覆盖能保墒和提高土壤水分的调节能力，为当季小麦生长和套播玉米创造适宜的土壤水分条件；于小麦孕穗和灌浆期喷翠竹生长剂，其增粒增重作用显著。采取冬灌、越冬秸秆覆盖和孕穗、灌浆期喷生长剂等配套措施，可实现保墒与节水相结合，壮苗促蘖增穗与增粒增重的统一，节水增产效果显著。     

“WaterMan”: an on-farm water management game with heuristic capabilities

A modern computer-based simulation tool (WaterMan) in the form of a game for on-farm water management was developed for application in training events for farmers, students, and irrigators. The WaterMan game utilizes an interactive framework, thereby allowing the user to develop scenarios and test alternatives in a convenient, risk-free environment. It includes a comprehensive soil water and salt balance calculation algorithm. It also employs heuristic capabilities for modeling all of the important aspects of on-farm water management, and to provide quantitative performance evaluations and practical water management advice to the trainees. Random events (both favorable and unfavorable) and different strategic decisions are included in the game for more realism and to provide an appropriate level of challenge according to player performance. Thus, the ability to anticipate the player skill level, and to reply with random events appropriate to the anticipated level, is provided by the heuristic capabilities used in the software. These heuristic features were developed based on a combination of two artificial intelligence approaches: (1) a pattern recognition approach and (2) reinforcement learning based on a Markov decision processes approach, specifically the Q-learning method. These two approaches were combined in a new way to account for the difference in the effect of actions taken by the player and action taken by the system in the game world. The reward function for the Q-learning method was modified to reflect the suggested classification of the WaterMan game as what is referred to as a partially competitive and partially cooperative game.     

用鱼肌核酸指示水体污染的初步研究

选择了4种家鱼作指示生物，用紫外分光光度法测定其白肌中RNA和DNA的含量。结果表明：同种鱼，污染区的RNA含量显著低于对照区，白鲢和鳊鱼白肌中RNA／DNA低于对照区；不同种的鱼，污染区鱼肌核酸比对照区下降的程度有鳊鱼＞白鲢＞鲫鱼和鲤鱼的趋势。鱼肌核酸下降同水体重金属污染有一定联系，RNA是比RNA／DNA更合适的指标，鳊鱼和白鲢是比鲫鱼和鲤鱼更敏感的指示生物。     

Improving Drought Tolerance of Rice by Designed QTL Pyramiding

Drought is the most important factor limiting rice yields in the rainfed areas of Asia. To overcome the problem, we developed a new strategy ＇designed QTL pyramiding＇ to more efficiently develop drought tolerant （DT） rice cultivars. In the first phase of this strategy, we developed large numbers of introgression lines （ILs） in elite backgrounds using backcross （BC） breeding, each of which carries multiple genomic segments for improved DT from a known donor. Then, we genotyped all ILs with SSR markers to track the genomewide pattern of introgression in the DT ILs of 16 BC populations derived from crosses between 2 recipients （IR64 and Teqing） and four different donors. X^2 tests and linkage disequilibrium analyses of introgression in the DT ILs revealed significant frequency shifts at many loci across the genome and non-random associations at the multilocus level as a result of selection for DT in the ILs, which led us to the discovery of putative genetic networks underlying DT in the ILs. The networks each containing all DT loci detected in ILs from a BC population showed some interesting features.     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Lipoxygenase Gene cDNA from Cucumber Fruit （Cucumis sativus L.）

Lipoxygenases are nonheme-iron-containing dioxygenases that catalyze the hydroperoxidation of unsatrated fatty acids containing a cis, cis-1,4-pentadiene structure producing hydroperoxy acids with conjugated dienes. LOX activity has been found in a wide range of plants. Typical substrates for LOX in plants are linoleic acid and linilenic acid fatty acids. The function of various LOXs in plants is unknown, but their participation in all stages of plant growth and development has been suggested （Hildebrand, 1989; Siedow, 1991）. Some of the physiological processes in whicn lipoxygenses have been implicated include wounding （Saravitz and Siedow, 1996）, pathogen attack （Melan et al., 1993）, seed germination （Kato et al., 1992）, fruit ripening （Ferrie et al., 1994）, plant senescence （Paliyath and Droillard, 1992）. The study on the role of lipoxygenase in ripening and senescence fruit focused on tomato and strawberry. Cloning LOX gene of cucumber fruit will make us further understand the molecularaction mode of this enzyme during fxuit ripening and senescence. In this paper we isolated the partial nucleotide sequences of cucumber fiuit lipoxygenase gene and discuss the characterization of it.     

融合2D-3D卷积特征识别哺乳母猪姿态转换

母猪姿态转换影响仔猪存活率,且动作幅度与持续时间存在差异,准确识别难度大。该研究提出一种融合2D-3D卷积特征的卷积网络(2D+3D-CNet,2D+3D Convolutional Network)识别深度图像母猪姿态转换。以视频段为输入,引入注意力机制SE模块和3D空洞卷积,以提升3D卷积网络姿态转换的时空特征提取能力,用2D卷积提取母猪的空间特征;经特征融合后,动作识别分支输出母猪转换概率,姿态分类分支输出4类姿态概率,结合这两个输出结果识别8类姿态转换,减少了人工标注数据集的工作量;最后设计动作分数,优化母猪姿态转换的时间定位。在测试集上,2D+3D-CNet姿态转换识别精度为97.95%、召回率为91.67%、测试速度为14.39帧/s,精度、召回率和时间定位精度均高于YOWO、FRCNN-HMM和MOC-D方法。该研究结果实现了母猪姿态转换高精度识别。     

Film fully-mulched ridge-furrow cropping affects soil biochemical properties and maize nutrient uptake in a rainfed semi-arid environment

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of plastic mulched ridge-furrow cropping on soil biochemical properties and maize (Zea mays L.) nutrient uptake in a semi-arid environment. Three treatments were evaluated from 2008 to 2010: no mulch (narrow ridges with crop seeded next to ridges), half mulch (as per no mulch, except narrow ridges were mulched), and full mulch (alternate narrow and wide ridges, all mulched with maize seeded in furrows). Compared to the no mulch treatment, full mulch increased maize grain yield by 50% in 2008 and 25% in 2010, but reduced yield by 21% in 2009 after low precipitation in early growth. Half mulch had a similar grain yield to no mulch in the three cropping years, suggesting half mulch is not an effective pattern for maize cropping in the area. Mulch treatments increased aboveground nitrogen (N) uptake by 21?34% and phosphorus (P) uptake by 21?42% in 2008, and by 16?32% and 14?29%, respectively, in 2010; but in 2009 mulching did not affect N uptake and decreased P uptake. Soil microbial biomass and activities of urease, β-glucosidase and phosphatase at the 0?15 cm depth were generally higher during vegetative growth but lower during reproductive growth under mulch treatments than no mulch. Mulching treatments increased carbon (C) loss of buried maize residues (marginally by 5?9%), and decreased light soil organic C (15?27%) and carbohydrate C (12?23%) concentrations and mineralizable C and N (8?36%) at harvest in the 0?20 cm depth compared with no mulch, indicating that mulching promotes mineralization and nutrient release in soil during cropping seasons. As a result of these biological changes, mineral N concentration under mulch was markedly increased after sowing in upper soil layers compared with no mulch. Therefore, our results suggest that mulched cropping stimulated soil microbial activity and N availability, and thus contributed to increasing maize grain yield and nutrient uptake compared with no mulch.     

多场次降雨对崩岗崩积体细沟侵蚀的影响

崩积体是崩岗的重要组成部分,因土质疏松,极易被侵蚀。细沟侵蚀特征是探讨崩积体侵蚀机制的重要内容。采用人工模拟降雨试验,研究多场次降雨条件（1.00、1.67、2.33 mm/min分别降3次雨）对崩积体30°坡面（5m×1 m）细沟侵蚀产沙过程及发育形态特征的影响。结果表明：1）1.00 mm/min降雨强度条件下,3次降雨的后期产沙过程趋于一致,而1.67和2.33 mm/min降雨强度条件下,前2次降雨后期产沙过程趋于一致,但第3次降雨后期产沙率急剧增大;2）各降雨强度条件下,沟头溯源作用、细沟平均宽度及深度随着降雨场次的增加而增加;3）不同降雨强度条件下的细沟特征存在差异,1.00和1.67 mm/min降雨强度时,随着降雨场次的增加,坡面的细沟数及细沟密度增加,宽深比减小,但在2.33 mm/min降雨强度条件下的结果恰好相反;4）各降雨强度条件下细沟侵蚀量及其增加幅度均增大,细沟侵蚀愈剧烈。     

东江中上游3种造林树种的光合-光响应特征

 以东江中上游6年生的山乌桕、枫香和南酸枣为材料,采用LI-COR公司L i-6400光合作用测定系统测定光合、蒸腾、水分利用效率等生理参数及其光响应过程,探讨3树种在自然生境条件下的光合-光响应特征。结果表明:3树种光合-光响应曲线均符合非直角双曲线模型(R2>0.98)和指数模型(R2>0.98);3树种表观量子效率和暗呼吸速率均表现为山乌桕>南酸枣>枫香,山乌桕在弱光下光合能力要高于枫香和南酸枣,但对光合产物消耗大;山乌桕最大净光合速率与枫香、南酸枣间差异显著(0.05);3树种介于阴生植物和阳生植物之间,山乌桕对强光的适应能力较好,对光照强度表现出一定的适应性和可塑性,具有较宽的光照生态幅,对弱光与强光的利用能力较高;3树种净光合速率光响应均值表现为山乌桕>南酸枣>枫香,耗水能力表现为山乌桕>南酸枣>枫香,而水分利用效率表现为枫香>山乌桕>南酸枣。