Recent Advances in the Enhancement of Agroecosystem Services and Functioning by Cotton-based Intercropping Systems

Cotton-based intercropping systems are one of modern agriculture farming systems aiming at improving overall economic profitability of cotton field, which not only release the competition for land between other crops and cotton and increase growing area and yield of both crops, but also represent a mechanistic approach to reconciling crop production and biodiversity conservation. Recently, cotton-based intercropping systems have been widely focused and applied. Here, we reviewed the potential of cotton-based intercropping systems to reinforce agroecosystem services and functioning, including promoted plant biodiversity, improved overall productivity and economic profits, increased light use efficiency, improved cotton quality, reduced pest and disease occurrence, and suppressed weed growth. Further, the underlying mechanisms behind the enhancement of agroecosystem services and functioning by cotton-based intercropping systems through niche complementarity, interspecific facilitation, and allelopathy between intercropped species were summarized in the paper. Finally, the research prospects were also pointed out.     

高校后勤文化建设的现状及对策探讨——以华中农业大学后勤文化建设为例

高校后勤文化是高校校园文化的重要组成部分,能有效发挥高校后勤的育人功能,引领和推动学校后勤事业的科学发展。立足华中农业大学后勤文化建设实际,总结高校后勤文化建设的成果,分析存在的问题,提出和谐后勤文化建设的思路。     

和胃平喘对小鼠肠绒毛高度的影响

选择大小、体重相近的SD雌性小鼠(18～22g)40只,随机分为4组,1.5%"和胃平喘"组、2.5%"和胃平喘"组、3.5%"和胃平喘"组和基础料组,每组2个重复,每个重复5只,分别饲喂15d和30d后取肠道做成切片,测定小鼠肠道的肠绒毛高度。结果表明:15d试验中,1.5%"和胃平喘"组、2.5%"和胃平喘"组、3.5%"和胃平喘"组与对照组间的平均肠绒毛高度差异显著(P0.05)。30d试验中,2.5%"和胃平喘"组十二指肠平均肠绒毛(duodenum villus)高度为0.9835±0.1582mm,3.5%"和胃平喘"组十二指肠平均肠绒毛高度为0.8898±0.1635mm,2.5%"和胃平喘"组、3.5%"和胃平喘"组的十二指肠平均肠绒毛高度都与对照组的差异极显著(P0.01),1.5%"和胃平喘"组的十二指肠平均肠绒毛高度低于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);2.5%"和胃平喘"组和3.5%"和胃平喘"组的空肠平均肠绒毛(jejunum villus)高度与对照组间的差异不显著(P0.05);1.5%"和胃平喘"组和2.5%"和胃平喘"组的回肠平均肠绒毛(ileum villus)高度与对照组间的差异不显著(P0.05)。在小鼠基础料中添加"和胃平喘"能不同程度提高小鼠肠绒毛高度,且以2.5%和3.5%两个添加量效果最好。     

Effect of temperature,organic amendment rate and moisture content on the degradation of 1,3‐dichloropropene in soil

1,3‐Dichloropropene (1,3‐D), which consists of two isomers, (Z)‐ and (E)‐1,3‐D, is considered to be a viable alternative to methyl bromide, but atmospheric emission of 1,3‐D is often associated with deterioration of air quality. To minimize environmental impacts of 1,3‐D, emission control strategies are in need of investigation. One approach to reduce 1,3‐D emissions is to accelerate its degradation by incorporating organic amendments into the soil surface. In this study, we investigated the ability of four organic amendments to enhance the rate of degradation of (Z)‐ and (E)‐1,3‐D in a sandy loam soil. Degradation of (Z)‐ and (E)‐1,3‐D was well described by first‐order kinetics, and rates of degradation for the two isomers were similar. Composted steer manure (SM) was the most reactive of the organic amendments tested. The half‐life of both the (Z)‐ and (E)‐isomers in unamended soil at 20 °C was 6.3 days; those in 5% SM‐amended soil were 1.8 and 1.9 days, respectively. At 40 °C, the half‐life of both isomers in 5% SM‐amended soil was 0.5 day. Activation energy values for amended soil at 2, 5 and 10% SM were 56.5, 53.4 and 64.5 kJ mol^?1, respectively. At 20 °C, the contribution of degradation from biological mechanisms was largest in soil amended with SM, but chemical mechanisms still accounted for more than 58% of the (Z)‐ and (E)‐1,3‐D degradation. The effect of temperature and amendment rate upon degradation should be considered when describing the fate and transport of 1,3‐D isomers in soil. Use of organic soil amendments appears to be a promising method to enhance fumigant degradation and reduce volatile emissions. Published in 2001 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

小麦禾缢管蚜种群动态的研究

本文采用平均密度（X），聚块性指标（m/m）和有蚜株率（F）对小麦禾缢管蚜种群动态进行模糊聚类分析。找出了其种群消长的4个时期：点片发生期，始盛期，猖獗期和衰退期；防治重点应在始盛期，即瓢虫卵期，以达到经济有效，充分保护利用天敌的目的。     

丹参注射液实验性药效作用

实验结果表明,丹参注射液分别在3×10~(-3)g/ml和6×10~(-3)g/ml浓度时,小白鼠子宫活动呈轻度弛缓,记录图形波谷略下延,收缩间隔延长,子宫活动较用药前有明显差别(P<0.05);妊娠小白鼠每只一次皮下注射0.2 mI丹参注射液,每日1次,连续3次,试期无一例发生流产,妊娠鼠均产下健康乳鼠;用妊娠山羊作同样实验(山羊体重30kg左右,每次每只皮下注射10ml丹参液,约含生药10g,每日1次,连续3次),同样无一例发生流产,妊娠期满顺利产下健康羊羔;丹参注射液离体兔耳灌流后,兔耳皮肤血管短暂徼弱扩张,但用药前后流量变化差异不明显(P>0.05)。     

生长调节剂对黄绿蜜环菌菌丝生长的影响

选用三十烷醇(triacontanol)和肌醇(inositol)两种生长调节剂对黄绿蜜环菌(Armillaria luteo-virens)菌丝生长的影响进行研究。结果表明:三十烷醇和肌醇对菌丝生长都有较明显的影响,但肌醇效果不如三十烷醇。在培养基中添加1.5ⅹ10-7mg.mL-1三十烷醇,可明显提高菌丝生长速度,缩短培养周期。     

华南地区高大平房仓综合控温模式试验

根据华南地区生态条件,通过高温期间开展空调调节仓温等综合控温措施,基本实现了低温、低药量保粮,延缓了储粮品质劣变并抑制了虫霉活动。     

和胃保肝对建鲤肠绒毛高度和肝细胞的影响

挑选个体大小、体重相近(15g左右)的建鲤50尾,随机分为5组(G1、G2、G3、G4和G5),即基础料组(对照组)、0.1%和胃保肝添加组、0.2%和胃保肝添加组、0.4%和胃保肝添加组和0.8%和胃保肝添加组,每组2个重复,每个重复10尾建鲤。饲喂3周后取建鲤肠道和肝脏制成组织切片,测定肠绒毛高度。结果表明:0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%和胃保肝不同添加量试验组建鲤的肠绒毛高度都极显著高于对照组(P0.01),各试验组建鲤肝脏细胞的胞浆密度比对照组的大。在建鲤饲料中添加0.4%和胃保肝,促进建鲤肠绒毛增长和提高肝脏细胞胞浆密度效果最好。     

美国大学消费主义倾向及其启示

对美国大学消费主义进行了理论阐释,在对美国大学消费主义的表现进行阐述与分析的基础,提出对我国高等教育发展的启示.