刺梨总黄酮的提取、纯化及其在卷烟中的应用

为了开发天然烟用香原料,利用刺梨富含黄酮类化合物的特点,用乙醇提取刺梨总黄酮,用大孔树脂分离纯化,并优化了提取工艺和纯化工艺,同时将其应用于卷烟中。结果表明,刺梨总黄酮的最佳提取工艺:75%的乙醇提取6h、提取温度为70℃,料液比为1∶6(W/V,100g∶L);最佳纯化工艺:AB-8型树脂吸附时间2.0 h,上样速率1.5 mL/min,解吸液80%的乙醇,洗脱液体积为4倍的柱容量,洗脱速率为1.5mL/min;经纯化的刺梨总黄酮用于卷烟中明显优于粗提取液,具有柔和烟气、改善口感的作用。     

基于阶段输出系数模型的农业非点源污染负荷估算与评价——以四川省为例

传统的农业非点源污染负荷输出系数模型无法实现农业非点源污染阶段负荷估算。本研究综合考虑农业用地、畜禽养殖和农村生活,从产生、流失、入河3阶段分别建立了农业非点源污染负荷估算模型,并以四川省为例,估算了2012年农业非点源TN（总氮）、TP（总磷）3个阶段的污染负荷量,分析了其主要来源及污染区域。结果显示,产生阶段中农业用地是主要污染源,遂宁、巴中、雅安和德阳产生负荷强度较高。流失和入河阶段中畜禽养殖成为主要污染源,阿坝流失负荷强度最大,遂宁水质受农业非点源污染影响最严重。研究表明,阶段输出系数模型能简便可靠地实现农业非点源污染阶段负荷估算。该研究可为农业非点源污染的源头控制、迁移过程控制和受纳水体修复提供支撑。     

果梅ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立和优化

以果梅品种桃梅为试材, 通过单因子试验分别研究了DNA模板浓度、引物浓度、 Mg2 浓度、 dNTPs浓度、退火温度及循环数等对果梅ISSR-PCR反应的影响. 建立了果梅ISSR-PCR 的最佳反应体系 20 μL反应体系中含10× buffer 2 μL, 2.5 mmol/L MgCl2, 0.2 mmol/L dNTPs, 0.32 μmol/L引物, 20～80 ng模板DNA, 1 U Taq DNA聚合酶. 利用优化的反应体系, 对19个果梅品种进行体系稳定性检测, 结果表明该反应体系的重复性和稳定性良好.     

世界性恶性杂草——紫茎泽兰研究的历史及现状

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t为了明确斜纹夜蛾取食紫茎泽兰对其生长发育和繁殖的影响。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t在室内分别利用紫茎泽兰和白菜叶片饲喂斜纹夜蛾幼虫,比较其生长发育、繁殖及存活差异。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t斜纹夜蛾可在紫茎泽兰上完成整个世代,但相较于其适宜寄主白菜,取食紫茎泽兰叶片导致其生长发育速率降低、历期延长、体重减轻,存活率、羽化率和繁殖力下降。取食紫茎泽兰的斜纹夜蛾各龄幼虫发育历期和蛹期与取食白菜叶片的斜纹夜蛾间差异显著(P<0.05),取食紫茎泽兰的幼虫其历期比取食白菜的延长10.26 d;取食紫茎泽兰的斜纹夜蛾1～6龄幼虫的体重显著低于取食白菜的同龄幼虫(P<0.05);蛹重比取食白菜的斜纹夜蛾蛹重低15.79% (P<0.05);紫茎泽兰上的斜纹夜蛾幼虫的累计存活率和羽化率分别为40.61%和83.33%,分别比白菜上降低31.96%和11.67% (P<0.05);同时,取食紫茎泽兰叶片可导致斜纹夜蛾成虫产卵期延长,单雌产卵量下降,并对其性比产生一定影响。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t斜纹夜蛾取食紫茎泽兰虽不利于自身的生长发育,但能够完成整个世代,说明紫茎泽兰可以作为斜纹夜蛾的寄主植物,斜纹夜蛾具有成为紫茎泽兰天敌的潜力。\t\t\t\t     

脉冲放电杀菌技术及其应用研究进展

脉冲放电杀菌技术是一种利用电压瞬间发生变化而对细菌产生不可逆损失,进而导致死亡的一种非热杀菌技术。论文综述了脉冲电场的杀菌机理、特点和杀菌效果以及其在国内外应用的研究进展,提出脉冲放电杀菌技术有望取代传统的化学试剂灭活病原体方法,为动物传染病病原体的灭活和疫苗的制备带来革新。     

甘肃省双孢蘑菇栽培的3种技术模式

甘肃省地处西北高原,地形复杂,气候类型多样,形成了双孢蘑菇栽培模式的多样化。从适宜区域、季节安排、栽培原料、品种选择、栽培设施、栽培特点及安全高效生产的栽培技术要点等方面,介绍了甘肃省双孢蘑菇栽培的3种技术模式,即河西走廊沿山冷凉区夏季反季节栽培技术模式、陇东南地区秋冬栽培技术模式和荒漠绿洲区越冬栽培技术模式。     

Dynamic relationship between macrophage and extra cellular matrix in the kidney of rats with experimental nephritis

AIM: To observe the changes in infiltrating macrophages (Mф)and extracellular matrix (ECM) in the kidney in the progressive course of nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN). METHODS: NTN model was established with rabbit-anti-rat nephrotoxic serum. On day 3, 7, 15, 30 and 90, renal biopsies were performed. Renal histology was checked under light microscopy with HE and Masson's trichrome staining sections. Mф, fibronectin (FN), type Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagen were examined with immunohistochemistry ABC method. RESULTS: Infiltration of Mф appeared on day 3 of NTN and preceded changes of FN and collagen. On day 15 of NTN, all nephritic animals had significant proteinuria, increased serum creatinine, infiltration of Mф and deposit of entracellular matrix. On day 90 of NTN, seven nephritic animals improved significantly, while other five developed renal scarring with diffuse infiltration of Mф which positively paralleled to renal function and deposit of FN, type Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagen. CONCLUSION: Mф infiltrating into renal tissue enhances deposit of ECM and therefore plays important roles in progression or improvement of NTN.     

四种鲜牛肝菌成分分析

采用原子吸收分光光度法、比色法等方法对美味牛肝菌、华美牛肝菌、美柄牛肝菌和绒柄牛肝菌4种鲜牛肝菌的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、矿质元素、有害元素的含量进行测定.结果表明,4种鲜牛肝菌中,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总糖和粗纤维的含量范围分别是4.38%～5.42%、2.47%～3.07%、1.26%～3.85%、1.23%～1.56%;矿质元素铁、锌、钙的含量范围分别是19.62～37.96mg/kg、6.53～9.67mg/kg、146.23～298.02mg/kg;总砷含量未检出,有害元素总汞、铅、镉的含量范围分别是0.06～0.73mg/kg、0.4～0.62mg/kg、0.075～0.105mg/kg.结论：这4种野生鲜牛肝菌含有丰富的营养成分,但华美牛肝菌、美柄牛肝菌中总汞含量较高,值得关注.     

Influence of Sini decoction on the proliferation and apoptosis of artery smooth muscle cells after balloon injury

AIM: To investigate the influence of Sini decoction (SND) on the proliferation and apoptosis of rabbit abdominal aorta smooth muscle cells after ballon injury and discuss the effect of vascular smooth muscle cell's (VSMCs) proliferation and apoptosis in post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) restenosis (RS) and the feasibility of SND preventing post-PCI RS. METHODS: The animal model of rabbit abdominal aorta ballon injury was set up and the therapertic group was treated with SND. The shape of proliferative and apoptotic cell were investigated by electron microscope. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed using α-actin,PCNA and Cyclin E monoclonal antibodies. In situ Cell Death Detection Kit was used to identify apoptotic cells. Abdomial aorta angiography was operated in the 84th day subgroup and the stenosis degree was evalued by quantitative angiographic analysis. RESULTS: As compared with the control group, the therapeutic group displayed a lower proliferative percentage and a higher apoptosic percentage (P<0.05). Moreover, the apoptosic peek time was on the 14th day after operation,which was longer than the control group. CONCLUSION: SND effectly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs and iuduced apoptosis in VSMCs.     

牛轮状病毒VP4基因与LTB基因的融合表达及免疫原性研究

PCR扩增轮状病毒VP4基因和大肠杆菌LTB基因编码区,将其克隆至pET32a载体上,构建pET32a-VP4-LTB质粒,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),PCR、酶切鉴定后进一步测序,测序结果表明融合基因片段由2637 bp组成,为编码879个氨基酸残基的多肽。经IPTG诱导和SDS-PAGE检测发现表达产物分子量约为118.9 KD,以包涵体的形式存在。融合蛋白经镍离子螯合次氨基三乙酸(Ni-NTA)亲和层析纯化后免疫小鼠,结果所产生的抗体效价高于单独VP4蛋白的免疫结果但差异不显著(P0.5),但与对照组相比差异显著。表明所表达的融合蛋白具有较好的免疫原性,为研制牛轮状病毒亚单位疫苗奠定了基础。