基于农机农艺结合的玉米膜下精密播种机设计

针对传统地膜覆盖需要人工放苗、出苗错位、容易板结及出苗率低等问题,研制一种农艺农机相结合的膜下播种机械。分别采用膜上滚筒播种、播种铺膜不打孔及播种铺膜破膜3种种植模式进行玉米种植试验。结果表明,采用播种后铺膜破膜方式种植的玉米相对出苗率最高,达90%以上。各试验因素中,膜下覆土厚度和膜上覆土厚度对出苗率影响最大,膜下覆土厚度2 cm、膜上覆土厚度2 cm时玉米的出苗效果最好。结合当地降水量进行喷淋试验,在相同雨量的情况下,膜下播种抗板结能力远超传统地膜覆盖。      

水盐胁迫对沙枣幼苗叶绿素荧光参数和色素含量的影响

在不同水分和盐分胁迫条件下测定2个种源沙枣的叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和Fv/F0的变化。结果表明:随着胁迫的增加,2个种源的沙枣叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm和Fv/F0都表现出先增加后降低的趋势;在水分梯度为50%~55%和盐分梯度为0.1 mol/L时2个种源的叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm和Fv/F0值分别达到最大值;随胁迫时间增加,水分胁迫下包头种源叶绿素含量下降幅度比赤峰种源高出29.28%,而Fv/Fm值和Fv/F0值最大改变量分别为赤峰种源的1.25倍和6.62倍;盐分胁迫下包头种源沙枣的叶绿素含量下降幅度比赤峰种源高出25.26%,而Fv/Fm值和Fv/F0值最大改变量分别为赤峰种源的2.38倍和3.05倍。这说明水分和盐分胁迫对包头种源沙枣的叶绿素含量及其荧光参数的影响高于对赤峰种源的影响。     

低温胁迫下北海道黄杨叶肉细胞Ca2+和Ca2+-ATPase的变化

 利用焦锑酸钙沉淀和硝酸铅沉淀的电镜细胞化学方法,以室温生长的北海道黄杨植株为对照,研究了人工4 ℃低温胁迫过程中北海道黄杨（Euonymus japonicus‘Cuzhi’）叶肉细胞Ca²⁺和Ca²⁺-ATPase的动态变化。在4 ℃低温胁迫的初期（3 ~ 12 h）,北海道黄杨叶肉细胞间隙和液泡内的Ca²⁺沉淀颗粒减少,而细胞质和细胞核内的Ca²⁺水平升高,但Ca²⁺-ATPase在细胞的分布几乎没有变化,主要分布在质膜和液泡膜上,有较高的活性;低温胁迫24 h,细胞质和细胞核内增加的Ca²⁺开始回到细胞间隙和液泡中,Ca²⁺-ATPase在质膜和液泡膜上活性增强;在低温胁迫48 ~ 96 h,细胞内的Ca²⁺又回到低温胁迫前的低水平,但Ca²⁺-ATPase在质膜和液泡膜上仍有很高的活性。叶肉细胞内Ca²⁺稳态平衡和Ca²⁺-ATPase的活性变化与植物的抗寒性存在一定的相关性。     

沙棘属植物资源概况及其培育技术研究进展

沙棘属植物具有很强的抗逆性和生态适应性,被广泛地应用到水土保持和生态建设事业中。在此分析了沙棘属植物资源现状,总结了我国近年来沙棘属植物的良种引进、繁殖和栽培技术等方面的研究进展,指出了沙棘属植物资源调查和培育实践中需要重点解决的问题,为今后我国沙棘属植物研究提供方向。     

切花菊苗期抗寒性评价及相关的分子标记挖掘

为明确切花菊抗寒性的遗传变异,挖掘优异基因资源,本研究利用电导率结合Logistic方程评价83个切花菊品种苗期叶片的低温半致死温度(LT₅₀),通过关联分析探究抗寒性相关的优异等位变异位点并筛选抗性品种资源。结果表明,83个切花菊品种的LT₅₀在-10.99～1.86℃之间,变异系数为79.81%,说明切花菊抗寒性差异较大;依据LT₅₀的聚类分析将83份供试品种分为抗寒、中抗寒、低抗寒和不抗寒4种类型,分别占21.67%、22.89%、32.53%和22.89%。基于混合线性模型进行关联分析,共检测到11个等位变异位点(P<0.01),表型效应值为-3.51～0.83,表型变异贡献率为11.54%～18.83%;其中8个变异位点表现为增效,特别是携带E7M12-13位点品种的耐寒性显著(P<0.01)高于未携带该位点的品种。此外,根据增效位点挖掘到南农金柠檬、Qx097、QD028、Qx049、Qx153和Qx008等6个抗寒性强的品种资源。本研究结果为今后菊花耐寒性的遗传改良和分子标记辅助育种奠定了重要基础。     

毛竹林光谱特征及其与典型植被光谱差异分析

以毛竹光谱特征为研究对象,通过对光谱曲线和一阶导数曲线进行分析,探明了不同季节毛竹林的光谱特征及其与典型树种的光谱差异,为毛竹林的遥感监测提供了理论依据。研究结果表明:1)毛竹光谱曲线在可见光波段出现1个反射峰和1个吸收谷,这2个峰的对应波长分别为556和680 nm, 近红外波段的反射率明显增大。2)大年毛竹林春季和夏季的一阶导数曲线的红边波段呈“双峰”,秋季和冬季呈“单峰”,夏季的红边位于700 nm,其他季节红边位于718 nm;小年毛竹林秋季的一阶导数曲线的红边波段呈“双峰”,冬季呈“单峰”,红边均位于718 nm;不同季节毛竹林红边振幅大小依次为:春季夏季冬季秋季。3)毛竹林与其他典型植被在500～600、660～680、700～900 nm 等波段的反射率差异明显,可作为遥感监测的最佳波段,并且“绿峰”、“红谷”、红边位置、红边振幅以及红边波段的“峰型”等特征可作为毛竹林遥感识别的主要参数,监测最佳季节是春季,其次为秋季。      

彩色小麦良种繁育及提纯复壮技术

为了保证彩色小麦良种的质量,促进彩色专用小麦产业健康发展,从品种选择,种子繁殖田的选择,播前整地施肥,播种技术,肥水管理,病虫草鸟害防治,去杂去劣,收获、晾晒、贮藏,提纯复壮等方面的总结了彩色小麦良种繁育及提纯复壮技术。     

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide regulates oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

AIM: To investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the protection against oxidative stress in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).METHODS: The rat model of COPD was established by cigarette smoking (CS) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation. Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, CS+LPS group, CS+LPS+NaHS (H₂S donor) group and CS+LPS+PPG (DL-propargylglycine, an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase) group. After 30 days, the lung functions of the rats were measured, the histological changes of lungs were observed under light microscope and the pathological scores were calculated. The H₂S level in plasma and the protein expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) in the lung tissues were measured. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected to reflect oxidative stress.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the peak expiratory flow (PEF) decreased by 24% and intra-pressure (IP) increased by 66% in CS+LPS group. The pathological scores of the lung tissues also increased. Compared with CS+LPS group, no change in the lung function was observed after given NaHS or PPG, but the pathological scores decreased in CS+ LPS+ NaHS group. Compared with control group, the content of H₂S in plasma was increased by 26% on day 16. Compared with CS+LPS group, the content of H₂S in plasma of CS+LPS+PPG group was decreased by 22% after 30 days. Compared with control group, the protein expression of CSE increased, and no statistical difference among CS+LPS group, CS+ LPS+ NaHS group and CS+LPS+PPG group was observed. Compared with control group, MDA content in the lung tissues was increased by 24% in CS+LPS group, the activity of SOD was increased by 47% and the activity of CAT was increased by 52%. Compared with CS+LPS group, the MDA content in CS+LPS+NaHS group was decreased by 21%, and no statistical difference in the activity of SOD and CAT was observed. The activity of SOD decreased by 33% after given PPG.CONCLUSION: H₂S plays a role as anti-oxidant in the rats with COPD. The CSE/ H₂S pathway may be involved in the development of COPD.     

流式细胞术在霉菌毒素研究中的应用

世界范围内受霉菌毒素污染的农作物越来越多,这不仅造成巨大的经济损失,也给人和动物健康带来严重危害.近年来,由于流式细胞术能够对混合物中的单个细胞进行快速准确的分析,而逐步成为研究霉菌毒素细胞毒性作用的一种合理可行的方法.作者主要介绍了流式细胞术在检测霉菌毒素及其细胞毒性作用研究中的应用,以期为进一步探究霉菌毒素的毒性作用机制提供参考.