日粮锌、硒水平对肉鸡肠道黏膜屏障结构的影响

为了探讨微量元素锌和硒相互作用对肉鸡肠道黏膜屏障结构的影响，将24只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分3组，分别饲喂添加有高锌高硒(锌1000mg／kg、硒5mg／kg)、低锌低硒(锌34mg／kg、硒0．08mg／kg)或常锌常硒(锌50mg／kg、硒0．15mg／kg)的日粮45d后，观察肠黏膜上皮细胞、上皮内淋巴细胞和盲肠扁桃体的形态结构变化。结果表明：高锌高硒或低锌低硒组肉鸡的肠黏膜结构有明显的损伤，表现为肠黏膜上皮细胞萎缩，绒毛长度下降，上皮内淋巴细胞数量减少；盲肠扁桃体的弥散淋巴组织和淋巴小结中，淋巴细胞数量减少，细胞出现肿胀，有的核消失，结缔组织增生，淋巴小结萎缩。尤其是高锌高硒组的损伤最为严重。而常锌常硒组肉鸡肠黏膜和盲肠扁桃体的形态结构正常。结论：日粮中按锌50mg／kg、硒0．15mg／kg的比例添加，对于维持肠道黏膜的正常屏障结构是合适的。过高或过低的锌和硒对小肠黏膜有毒性作用，破坏其屏障功能；而且高锌和高硒可相互促进以增强其毒性作用。     

猪CD3∈分子的cDNA克隆与序列分析

应用RT-PCR和3′RACE技术,本研究从猪外周血淋巴细胞总RNA中扩增克隆了猪CD3ε基因并进行了序列分析。序列分析结果表明,猪CD3εcDNA序列长1241nt,其中5′非翻译区80nt,3′非翻译区570nt,开放阅读框591nt,该开放阅读框编码196个氨基酸残基的CD3ε前体蛋白(无糖基化位点);在猪CD3ε蛋白的胞外区,Cys49、Cys91、Cys108和Cys111为保守性氨基酸残基,它们与CD3ε免疫球蛋白样结构的形成有关。在猪CD3ε蛋白胞浆区,存在免疫受体酪氨酸活化基序(ITAM)、内质网潴留基序和1个SH3结合基序,其中ITAM基序含有2个SH2结合基序和2个潜在酪氨酸磷酸化位点Tyr177和Tyr188,这些基序是猪CD3分子参与T细胞活化信号转导和TCR-CD3复合体装配的结构基础。推导氨基酸序列分析结果表明,猪与人、鼠、狗、牛和绵羊CD3ε蛋白的氨基酸同源性分别为61.2%、58.7%、58.7%、65.1%和65.6%。     

水胺硫磷在早熟苹果辽伏中的残留习性

对早熟苹果辽伏喷布40％水胺硫磷1000倍液。喷后27d,果皮及果肉中残留量分别降至0.182mg·1~(-1)和0.028mg·1~(-1)。果皮中水胺硫磷残留含量一直呈下降趋势,但果肉中水胺硫磷含量在喷后前7d却在增加,第7天之后才呈下降。经对果皮及果肉中水胺硫磷含量的差比分析认为,果肉中水胺硫磷含量在喷后前7d增加,是果皮中农药向果肉中渗透大于果肉中农药消解所致。     

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AIM: To investigate the contribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) to the regulation of calpain system in infarcted myocardium. METHODS: Rat myocardial infarction (MI) model was established by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery. The treatment with the ACEI inhibitor rampril (1 mg·kg-1·d-1) was started 7 days prior to surgery. On day 1, 3, 7 and 14 after MI, protein levels of calpainⅠ, Ⅱ and calpastatin were determined in left ventricular free wall (LVFW), interventricular septum (IS) and right ventricule. RESULTS: CalpainⅠprotein level was increased in IS 14 d post MI, whereas the protein level of calpainⅡ was maximally increased in LVFW 3 d post MI. Rampril decreased protein up-regulation of calpainⅠ and Ⅱ, and reduced infarct size and interstitial fibrosis. Calpastatin protein expression was not affected by ACEI. CONCLUSIONS: CalpainⅠ is involved in cardiac remodelling in the late and calpainⅡ contributes to cardiac tissue damage in the early phase of MI. The heart protective effect of ACEI may be related to the inhibition of calpain system in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction.     

浅谈蛋鸡开产体重对生产性能的影响

1、产蛋高峰短而低的问题。当养殖户遇到产蛋高峰不高或高峰上去后，又很快下降的问题时，往往将问题归咎到种鸡或饲料上，其实除了上面的问题外，还有一个重要的问题被忽视，这就是开产前的体重问题。根据国外各个品种的饲养要求，正常的鸡群在6周龄平均体重应达到标准上限或超标10％，均匀度达到90％以上；12周龄平均体重达标即可，均匀度应在85％以上；18周龄平均体重应达标或超标，均匀度达到80％以上。     

一种利用制冷机产生的副热生产热水的技术

为了保持牛奶的新鲜程度,防止牛奶变酸和细菌数升高,各个规模牛场和收奶站均配备了牛奶冷却设备,同时还需要通过锅炉或电加热等方式生产大量的热水来清洗设备。利用锅炉或电加热生产热水不但浪费了大量的财力、物力和人力,还造成了环境污染。现介绍一种不额外消耗能源解决热水供应的方法,供大家参考。1原理冷冻机在制冷的同时,产生大于制冷量的热量。压缩机高压出来的温度一般超过90℃以上,这部分热量一般经过风冷的方式通过散热器散发到室外。特别是夏天,气温较高,散热器散热效率较低,需要浪费大量的冷却水冷却,即使这样,有时温度还是降不…     

Comparison of morphology, viability, and function between blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats

The morphological features of blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats were compared using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry in order to investigate the cytological changes of neutrophils after migration into the mammary gland. The kinetics of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generation and gelatinase release of blood and milk neutrophils, with or without stimulation of phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate ester (PMA), were used to characterize their responses to inflammatory stimuli. Neutrophils isolated from goat milk were highly segmented and contained multi-lobed nuclei. Ultrastructurally, milk neutrophils were more ruffled on the surface compared to blood neutrophils. Approximately 30% of milk neutrophils were undergoing cell death, either necrosis or apoptosis, in contrast to 8% of blood neutrophils. The ROI production of activated milk neutrophils peaked earlier than blood neutrophils, but the duration and the intensity were much less. Neutrophils from both sources augmented the release of gelatinase in response to PMA (1 ng/mL). However, the amount of gelatinase released from milk neutrophils was lower (P < 0.05) than that of blood neutrophils. In summary, more neutrophils become apoptotic and necrotic in the mammary gland, presumably due to spontaneous aging, the process of diapedesis, and the interaction with milk components. Milk neutrophils have impaired functionalities in comparison with blood neutrophils. The information is relevant when studying mammary gland immunity and related diseases, such as mastitis.     

Effect of Liucha extract on tumor K562 cell growth

AIM:To investigate the effects of Liucha extract on the growth of tumor cells in vitro and its possible mechanism.METHODS:The capability of colony forming of human leukemia K562 cell in vitro and the cells metabolism were studied by semi-solid agar culture and MTT staining. Then , the changes in morphology in the tumor cells were examined using electronic microscope.RESULTS:Semi-solid agar culture and MTT colorimetric analysis showed that Liucha extrats could significantly inhibit the growth of the tumor cells and their capability of colony forming. Also,under the electronic microscope,it was found that the tumor K562 cell had a narrower perinuclear space,condensation of chromatin and an enlarged mitochondria , in which the cristase disappeared.CONCLUSION:The extract from Liucha possesses an inhibitory effect on K562 cell growth in vitro through affecting the metabolism of the tumor cells.     

Expression and role of CD134 and NF-κB in renal tissue of lupus nephritis

AIM:To investigate the role of CD134 (OX40) and NF-κB in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN).METHODS:Renal in situ CD134 and NF-κB expression were examined in 40 biopsy specimens from LN patients by immunohistochemistry and microwave-based immunohistochemistry, respectively. The relationship between expression of CD134 and NF-κB was analyzed.RESULTS:The expression of glomerular and tubular CD134 and NF-κB in LN were higher than that in normal control, especially in class Ⅳ LN, where there was intense staining of endothelial cell, distal tubules, and interstitial mononuclear cell. The CD134 expression of glomerular and tubular was closely related to NF-κB expression, respectively (r=0.5542, P＜0.05;r=0.6279, P＜0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The abnormal expression of costimulatory molecule CD134 was well evidenced in LN. Strong expression of renal in situ NF-κB was likely mediated by CD134 signal pathway, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LN.     

陕甘宁老区脆弱生态环境定量评价——以榆林、延安两市为例

位于黄土高原中部的陕甘宁老区生态环境极为脆弱 ,近年来由于气候、人类开发资源等自然和人为原因 ,使生态环境的脆弱程度升高。选定年降水量、年均温、蒸发量等 8个指标 ,定量评价各县 1 970 - 2 0 0 0年的脆弱度状况 ,结果表明榆林、延安两市生态环境整体脆弱 ,脆弱度存在空间差异但差异不明显 ,时间段上的波动幅度不大。陕甘宁老区脆弱生态环境具有不稳定性 ,对外界干扰较敏感。