艾纳香脱氢酶基因家族的生物信息学分析

采用RT-PCR和RACE（Rapid amplification of cDNA ends）技术,从艾纳香（Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.）叶片中克隆到4条编码艾纳香脱氢酶（BbADH1、BbADH2、BbADH3、BbADH4）基因的cDNA序列,并对4条核苷酸及其编码的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析。结果显示:4条艾纳香脱氢酶序列开放阅读框均在900 bp左右,蛋白质等电点（pI）值在5.0~9.0之间,含量最多的氨基酸为亮氨酸（Leu）,最少的为色氨酸（Try）,具有明显的疏水区和亲水区,N端未发现信号肽,且无跨膜区;同源性比对结果显示,艾纳香BbADH蛋白与其他植物中ADH蛋白具有高度的相似性,且具有脱氢酶的特征功能域;系统发育分析表明,艾纳香（B. balsamifera (L.) DC.）BbADH1和BbADH3同处于一个分支,且与胡杨（Populus euphratica Oliv.）PeADH物种亲缘关系较近,而艾纳香BbADH4和BbADH2处于不同分支,且分别与葡萄（Vitis vinifera）VvADH和烟草（Nicotiana tabacum）NtADH物种亲缘关系较近。     

辣木的染色体制片优化及核型分析

以辣木分生组织为材料,采用酶解去壁低渗法制片,探讨不同取材部位、预处理方式和酶解时间对辣木染色体制片的影响,并对其进行核型分析,以期为辣木的起源、演化及遗传育种提供一定理论依据。结果表明:以辣木新枝茎尖为最佳取材部位,用饱和对二氯苯预处理2 h,再用4%纤维素酶和5%果胶酶混合物酶解4 h,制片所得染色体效果最佳。核型分析表明,辣木染色体属于小染色体,有28条,核型公式为2n=2x=2n=28m,属于1B类型,核型不对称系数60.29%,核型对称程度较高,这表明辣木在进化中可能处于比较原始类型。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果研究

本试验比较了不同浓度氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果。结果表明:试验药剂35%氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂在水中分散性良好,700倍用药量(有效成分量为41.2 g/hm^2)防治桃小食心虫的速效性和持效性均良好,14 d后防效达到最大值,为99.1%。试验证明,氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂可用来防治果树桃小食心虫。     

生物炭对Bt Cry1Ac蛋白抗紫外能力影响

为了研究生物炭对紫外线的防护作用,以豆壳烧制的生物炭作为载体,研究生物炭对Bt Cry1Ac蛋白的吸附行为以及生物炭对Cry1Ac蛋白的紫外保护作用。使用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X-射线粉末衍射以及傅立叶红外光谱等手段对生物炭的形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明,生物炭是典型的多孔结构材料,表面具有丰富的官能团。Cry1Ac蛋白与生物炭吸附平衡时间为50 min,最合适的吸附浓度比（生物炭：蛋白）为1：100,二者吸附符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型。在UVB紫外照射4 h后,生物炭与Cry1Ac蛋白复合物对棉铃虫的生物活性是单纯蛋白的4.93倍,显示生物炭具有较好的紫外抵抗效果。研究结果初步表明,制备得到的生物炭能够显著提高Cry1Ac蛋白的抗紫外能力,为后续研发耐受紫外线的农药剂型提供新材料。     

Mechanism of elemene enhancing radiosensitivity of human glioma U251 cells

AIM To investigate the effect of elemene on the radiosensitivity of human glioma U251 cells and its mechanism. METHODS The U251 cells were used as a glioma model in vitro, and were exposed to different concentrations of elemene and different doses of radiation. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, the apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the related protein levels were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Elemene inhibited the viability of U251 cells in vitro and enhanced the radiosensitivity of the cells. The cells in radiotherapy combined with elemene group had higher rates of early apoptosis, secondary necrosis and total cell death than those in radiation group. Elemene induced G₂/M phase arrest in the U251 cells. Elemene reduced the protein expression of cell division cycle protein 2 （Cdc2）, which resulted in the decrease in cyclin B1 expression induced by radiotherapy, thereby inhibiting the formation of cyclin B-Cdc2 complex. Elemene reduced Cdc2 activity by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Cdc2 protein at threonine 161, thereby inducing G₂/M phase arrest in the cells. It also mediated apoptosis by down-regulating survivin expression. CONCLUSION Elemene may increase the sensitivity of U251 cells to radiotherapy by down-regulating Cdc2 protein, decreasing cyclin B1 expression, inhibiting the formation of cylcin B-Cdc2 complex and down-regulating the expression of survivin.     

基于农机农艺结合的玉米膜下精密播种机设计

针对传统地膜覆盖需要人工放苗、出苗错位、容易板结及出苗率低等问题,研制一种农艺农机相结合的膜下播种机械。分别采用膜上滚筒播种、播种铺膜不打孔及播种铺膜破膜3种种植模式进行玉米种植试验。结果表明,采用播种后铺膜破膜方式种植的玉米相对出苗率最高,达90%以上。各试验因素中,膜下覆土厚度和膜上覆土厚度对出苗率影响最大,膜下覆土厚度2 cm、膜上覆土厚度2 cm时玉米的出苗效果最好。结合当地降水量进行喷淋试验,在相同雨量的情况下,膜下播种抗板结能力远超传统地膜覆盖。