露地黄瓜新品种津优48号的选育

津优48号是以优良自交系P-1和D59-1-1配制而成的黄瓜一代杂种,植株长势中等,叶片中等大小,叶色绿.主蔓结瓜为主,坐瓜率高,畸形瓜率低.瓜色深绿,有光泽,瓜条长35 cm左右,单瓜质量230 g左右,瓜把小于瓜长的1/7,瓜腔小于瓜横径的1/2,口感脆甜.经人工接种抗病性鉴定,高抗黄瓜枯萎病、霜霉病和白粉病,抗病...     

Relationship between expression of somatostatin and DNA ploidy in breast cancer

AIM: To investigate the relationship between somatostatin and the pathologic type, estrogen receptor,DNA ploidy of nuclei in tumor cells of breast cancer.METHODS: 67 cases of primary breast cancer and 25 cases of benign breast tumor were examined by immunohistochemical stretomyces avidin peroxidase method. 26 cases of breast cancer selected at random were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS: Somatostatin expressed significantly higher in low malignant breast cancer than that in high malignant breast cancer (P<0.05). Most of cancers with positive staining of somatostatin were diploidy,most of cancers with negative staining were aneuploidy,there had significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Somatostatin may delay the progress of breast cancer,and somatostatin levels in cancer tissues may become a useful indicator for assessing prognosis of patients with breast cancer.     

30个紫花苜蓿品种对苜蓿花叶病毒病的田间抗性初步研究

为了比较不同紫花苜蓿品种对病毒病的抗性,对30个紫花苜蓿品种的病毒病发病情况进行了田间调查,利用小RNA深度测序技术结合RT-PCR技术检测鉴定各紫花苜蓿品种中的病毒种类,并测定了各紫花苜蓿品种的发病率、病情指数、相对株高、相对单株干重、相对茎秆直径、相对叶面积、相对叶长和相对叶宽,综合比较各紫花苜蓿品种的抗性,并对部分指标进行系统聚类分析。结果表明:30个紫花苜蓿品种均只受到苜蓿花叶病毒(alfalfa mosaic virus, AMV)的侵染,所有紫花苜蓿品种的田间发病率均超过94%,病情指数范围为31.53～55.50;30个紫花苜蓿品种中,抗性较强的品种有1个,为射手2号,抗性一般的品种有6个,其余23个品种的抗性较差,分别占供试品种的3.33%,20.00%和76.67%;聚类分析结果表明,抗性较强的射手2号与其他紫花苜蓿品种的亲缘关系较远,与其杂交有可能产生较大的杂种优势。     

不同泌乳水平奶牛瘤胃发酵及血清代谢差异的研究

本试验通过研究不同泌乳水平奶牛在瘤胃发酵和血清代谢上的差异,从消化和代谢的角度解释不同泌乳水平奶牛的泌乳合成机制差异,为提高奶牛的生产性能提供理论依据。试验采用随机区组设计,选择24头体况良好、体重[(648.50±68.65)kg]、胎次[(2.64±0.70)胎]相近的泌乳中期[(182.0±31.5)d]荷斯坦奶牛,按产奶量分为高产组[(41.7±4.8)kg/d]和低产组[(24.1±3.9)kg/d],各12头,在相同的饲养管理条件下饲喂相同的全混合日粮。分别用乳成分分析仪、酶免法、比色法和气相色谱法对乳成分、血清代谢指标及瘤胃发酵参数进行测定。结果表明:1)高产组奶牛乳成分中乳蛋白、乳脂和乳糖含量极显著高于低产组(P<0.01),乳总固形物含量显著高于低产组(P<0.05),而乳蛋白率极显著低于低产组(P<0.01);2)高产组奶牛瘤胃中总挥发性脂肪酸、丙酸及丁酸含量极显著高于低产组(P<0.01),乙酸含量显著高于低产组(P<0.05);3)高产组奶牛血清能量代谢指标葡萄糖(GLU)和甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著低于低产组(P<0.01),非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著低于低产组(P<0.05),β-羟丁酸(BHBA)含量极显著高于低产组(P<0.01);抗氧化指标血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于低产组(P<0.05),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著低于低产组(P<0.05);免疫指标血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量极显著低于低产组(P<0.01),免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著低于低产组(P<0.05),而免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于低产组(P<0.05)。综上所述,高、低产奶牛在瘤胃发酵及血清代谢指标方面存在显著性差异。     

食用菌药残留限量与产品质量安全

分析了食用菌生产使用农药情况和国内外食用菌农药残留限量标准状况,从食用菌生产的产地环境、食用菌菇房建筑标准、农药使用规范以及食用菌安全生产全程质量控制等方面提出了应对措施,为食用菌安全生产和全面提高食用菌产品质量提供参考。     

平原沙土区不同林分类型下土壤有机碳库特征及其影响因子

目的 明晰不同林分类型下土壤有机碳库特征,以期为平原沙土区土壤碳库的提高和生态恢复提供理论依据。 方法 以江苏省平原沙土区丰县16年生杨树纯林、柳树纯林、杨柳混交林3种林分类型及相邻的撂荒地（对照）为对象,测定0～20、20～40、40～60、60～80、80～100 cm等5个土壤层次有机碳及活性组分和土壤酶活性,计算土壤碳库管理指数,并对土壤有机碳库特征和环境因子进行相关性分析。 结果 （1）3种林分类型及对照各土层有机碳含量和储量范围分别为1.03～5.88 g·kg−1和3.53～17.55 t·hm−2。与对照相比,0～100 cm土层,3种林分类型土壤有机碳含量增加了45.2%～82.2%。杨树纯林0～100 cm土层有机碳储量分别是柳树纯林、杨柳混交林和对照的1.23、1.24、1.83倍。（2）与对照相比,0～100 cm土层,3种林分类型的土壤易氧化有机碳、可溶性有机碳和微生物生物量碳含量分别提高了28.6%～48.0%、6.8%～9.7%和21.6%～33.4%。3种林分类型土壤碳库管理指数显著高于100%（P<0.05）。（3）林分类型显著影响土壤蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性（P<0.05）,杨柳混交林0～100 cm土层多酚氧化酶活性显著高于杨树纯林和对照（P<0.05）。（4）相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳库特征受多酚氧化酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性显著影响,有机碳含量和储量、易氧化有机碳含量及碳库管理指数受蔗糖酶、过氧化物酶活性显著影响,微生物生物量碳受蔗糖酶活性显著影响。冗余分析表明,土壤碳氮比和细根生物量是土壤有机碳库特征的主要影响因素。 结论 平原沙土区营造人工林提高了土壤有机碳及活性组分和有机碳库稳定性,杨树纯林提高土壤有机碳储量效果最好。     

8个WRKY转录因子在水稻叶片生长和抗病过程中的表达分析

 WRKY是植物体内最大的转录因子家族之一, 其成员在植物生长发育和抗逆过程中发挥重要作用。为了解水稻WRKY的功能, 本研究利用蛋白质免疫印迹(western blotting, WB)技术, 检测了8个WRKY转录因子在水稻叶片生长和Xa21介导的抗白叶枯病过程中的表达丰度变化。结果表明:OsWRKY12、43、55和86在苗期表达量较低, 随叶片的生长表达逐步增加;OsWRKY50和84在苗期叶片中的表达量相对较高, 成熟期下降;未检测到OsWRKY40/64和52在叶片中的表达。在Xa21介导的白叶枯病抗性反应中, OsWRKY40/64、50和52受白叶枯病菌诱导表达, OsWRKY84受侵染后表达量上调, OsWRKY12、43、55和86在抗病过程中没有检测到表达丰度的变化。进一步比较这些转录因子在抗、感和对照(Mock)反应中的表达, 发现抗、感反应间蛋白质的表达变化是相似的。研究结果提示:OsWRKY12、43、55和86可能在叶片正常生长中发挥作用;OsWRKY40/64和52可能在水稻-白叶枯病菌互作过程中发挥作用;OsWRKY50和84则在叶片生长和抗白叶枯病过程中都有一定的功能。     

昆嵛山国家森林公园植物胶植物资源调查研究

通过上山实地采集调查以及实验室标本鉴定,对昆嵛山植物胶植物的种类及形态特征进行统计。结果表明:昆嵛山植物胶植物共计39种,隶属15个科;在此基础上,总结概括了植物胶植物在工业、食品、生物制药等方面的应用并提出了资源开发利用的前景与建议。     

市售商品牛肉品质的比较分析

 为了分析市售商品牛的牛肉品质,随机选择108头市售商品牛,按体重分为401 kg以下、401～500 kg、501～600 kg、601 kg以上,共4组。结果表明,4组胴体重差异极显著（P＜0.01),但各组牛的屠宰率无显著差异(P＞0.05);体重越大,牛肉色越深,脂肪色越白;剪切力随年龄和体重增大剪切力越小(P＞0.05);不同体重组间大理石花纹没有明显趋势(P＞0.05);背膘厚度随体重增加而变厚,但401 kg以下和501～600 kg两组间差异显著(P＜0.05);体重越大眼肌面积越大,401 kg以下组与其他各组间差异极显著(P＜0.01);体重越大分割肉重越多(P＜0.01)。综合分析表明,市售商品牛体重越大,食用品质越好。     

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide regulates oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

AIM: To investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the protection against oxidative stress in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).METHODS: The rat model of COPD was established by cigarette smoking (CS) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation. Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, CS+LPS group, CS+LPS+NaHS (H₂S donor) group and CS+LPS+PPG (DL-propargylglycine, an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase) group. After 30 days, the lung functions of the rats were measured, the histological changes of lungs were observed under light microscope and the pathological scores were calculated. The H₂S level in plasma and the protein expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) in the lung tissues were measured. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected to reflect oxidative stress.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the peak expiratory flow (PEF) decreased by 24% and intra-pressure (IP) increased by 66% in CS+LPS group. The pathological scores of the lung tissues also increased. Compared with CS+LPS group, no change in the lung function was observed after given NaHS or PPG, but the pathological scores decreased in CS+ LPS+ NaHS group. Compared with control group, the content of H₂S in plasma was increased by 26% on day 16. Compared with CS+LPS group, the content of H₂S in plasma of CS+LPS+PPG group was decreased by 22% after 30 days. Compared with control group, the protein expression of CSE increased, and no statistical difference among CS+LPS group, CS+ LPS+ NaHS group and CS+LPS+PPG group was observed. Compared with control group, MDA content in the lung tissues was increased by 24% in CS+LPS group, the activity of SOD was increased by 47% and the activity of CAT was increased by 52%. Compared with CS+LPS group, the MDA content in CS+LPS+NaHS group was decreased by 21%, and no statistical difference in the activity of SOD and CAT was observed. The activity of SOD decreased by 33% after given PPG.CONCLUSION: H₂S plays a role as anti-oxidant in the rats with COPD. The CSE/ H₂S pathway may be involved in the development of COPD.