智能化沼气工程技术系统的推广价值研究

文章将智能化沼气工程与其他两种典型沼气工程进行经济效益比较,验证智能化工程沼气技术系统的优越性,主要研究结论为:智能控制系统与远程控制系统,减轻沼气工程设备及配件损耗,降低工程运行过程中的维修费用、管理费用与人工费用,提高技术服务机构或技术人员的管理效率与效果,保障沼气工程的产气效率及稳定性,为沼气发电和生产生活用能平稳供气,具有重要的推广价值。     

实蝇DNA提取方法的比较

在实蝇的口岸检疫鉴定工作中，主要以成虫的外部形态特征作为分类依据，而口岸截获的往往是幼虫或卵，通常的做法是对其进行室内饲养待获得成虫后再进行鉴定。这样的检疫周期太长，并且不利于对世界或某一区域实蝇种群结构的了解。分子生物学技术可以弥补传统方法的不足，能快速、准确和灵敏地检测出实蝇种类，揭示其种群间的亲缘关系并提早制定相应的防治方法。本实验比较了5种实蝇基因组DNA提取方法，并进一步用RAPD技术快速鉴定其种类。     

施磷对限水灌溉小麦根冠及产量的影响研究

试验研究结果表明 ,盆栽限水灌溉时施P明显促进小麦幼穗、根系和株高的早期生长发育 ,而对叶片含水量和叶绿素含量的影响较小 ;施P明显提高小麦地上部干物质量和产量 ,且以限水处理效果最明显 ,提高了限水处理“温麦 6”根干物质量以及“温麦 6”和“冀麦 36”穗数     

河西走廊棉花耗水规律及双株双层高产栽培技术研究

运用水量平衡法计算得出河西走廊中部甘肃省临泽县棉花耗水量为675.5mm,并应采取“5水”或“6水”灌溉,以提高水分利用效率。棉花栽培应推行矮、密、早结合的地膜植棉技术,选用特早熟及早熟陆地棉品种,双株双层高产栽培皮棉产量比对照平均提高74.1％,最高可提高83.1％。     

中药合理辐照灭菌剂量设定的初步研究

目前尚无适用于中药辐照合理剂量设定的标准,为了规范中药辐照剂量的设定,本试验参考ISO 11137的标准抗性分布(SDR),计算中药辐照的理论剂量,并与9种中药粉和1种丸剂的实际系列辐照剂量进行比对。结果表明,丸剂和个别中药粉理论剂量比实际剂量偏小,达到-88%~-50%;有7种中药粉的理论剂量与实际剂量基本一致,偏差约为1k Gy。推断大部分中药粉可以通过SDR计算出合理的理论剂量,但对丸剂不建议按照SDR直接进行辐照剂量设定。本研究结果有效地提高了中药合理剂量筛选的效率,降低辐照风险,为中药辐照灭菌剂量的合理设定提供了方法参考。     

FA旱地龙提高水稻旱育秧苗抗旱能力的效果与生理基础

Ｆ Ａ 旱地龙能减缓土壤缺水干旱胁迫下秧苗叶片相对含水量的减少,明显提高秧苗的抗旱性。在干旱胁迫过程中,经 Ｆ Ａ 旱地龙处理的秧苗叶片中 Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ、 Ｃ Ａ Ｔ 活性和抗坏血酸、脯氨酸的含量明显高于对照; Ｍ Ｄ Ａ 含量则低于对照。这些结果表明,减缓干旱胁迫条件下秧苗叶片 Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ、 Ｃ Ａ Ｔ 活性和抗坏血酸含量的降低,促进脯氨酸的积累,减少 Ｍ Ｄ Ａ 的积累,是 Ｆ Ａ 旱地龙提高旱育秧苗抗旱能力的重要生理基础。     

RAPD Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Yunjie(Eruca sativa Mill.) in China

Genetic diversity of Yunjie (Eruca sativa Mill. ) in China was assessed by analyses of RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers. Twenty native cultivars representing Yunjie-growing ecotypes in China were selected as material in this study. Twelve out of the 64 tested random decamer primers were able to identify 131 stable RAPD bands from these Yunjie cultivars. Of them 105 bands, or 80.15% of the total, were polymorphic. Most Yunjie cultivars from the same ecotype had their characteristic DNA bands.Cluster analysis by unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) suggested that the 20 Yunjie genotypes could be divided into four groups. The genetic distances among the 20 cultivars varied from 0. 117 8between Shuozhou and Shenchi to 0. 499 4 between Hetian and Xiliang. Hetian alone could be a new type of Yunjie identified in China because it had the greatest genetic distance from all the other tested cultivars. These results indicate that Chinese Yunjie have abundant genetic diversity. Classification of Chinese Yunjie based on the RAPD information was in good agreement with the relationships between these Yunjie cultivars in their geographic origins and their plant morphology.     

Study on Effect of Pesticides on Rice Leaf Photosynthate Export Rate with Tracer Kinetics

Impacts of three pesticides, triazophos, jingganmycin and bisultap, on the export rate of photosynthate of rice leaf were studied with 14C for rice varieties, spraying time and application rate. Dynamics data of photosynthate of labeled rice functional leaves of different treatments were recorded with living plant nutrient detection instrument with multi-probes through tracer method of radioactive nuclide. Compartment analysis model and mathematical equations were constructed using principle and method of kinetics analysis,calculating constant (K) of export rate. The result showed that the export rate of photosynthate of labeled leaf reduced after pesticide treatments. The reduction of the export rate was positively related with the pesticide application rates and mainly attributed to decrease of photosynthetic rate.     

徐州云龙山侧柏林细根形态与分布规律研究

为了提高徐州市石灰岩山地侧柏人工林的生态和景观质量,该研究以云龙山侧柏人工林为对象,利用Win-RHIZO根系分析仪对2个样地不同土层深度细根的形态参数、比根长、根长密度和生物量进行了综合分析。结果表明：（1）细根直径随根序等级的升高而增加,细根长度、比根长、表面积表现为下降趋势,而细根体积表现为先减小后增加的趋势;（2）在不同立地条件下,细根长度、比根长、表面积和体积均表现为表层高于底层,东坡高于西坡的规律;（3）单位面积上细根的生物量随根序的升高而增加,而根长密度则明显下降;表土层中细根生物量和根长密度都要高于底层,东坡高于西坡。     

城市近郊林土壤种子库研究

对沈阳、抚顺两城市交接的近郊林区不同林分类型土壤种子库进行研究.结果表明:不同林分类型土壤种子库均具有较好的储量和活力,其储量大小顺序为:乔木林地＞灌木林地＞宜林荒地,土壤种子库物种多样性指数大小顺序为:灌木林地＞乔木林地＞宜林荒地,种子种类以乡土树种为主;数量化分析表明坡位对乔木林地及灌木林地中土壤种子库储量和活力影响较大,而植被覆盖度对宜林荒地中土壤种子库储量和活力影响较大.