乡镇尺度森林景观格局特征与影响因素定量分析

为更客观、精细地刻画森林生态系统格局的完整性、稳定性和森林资源健康状况,为森林资源源头保护和合理经营管理提供科学依据和决策支持,以河北省易县森林资源清查数据、DEM数据和社会经济资料为基础,运用景观指数、结构方程模型和统计学方法,分析乡镇尺度森林景观类型、数量与分布,研究自然地理、社会经济和土地开发利用主导下森林景观格局特征差异及其影响机制。结果表明,西部山区乡镇森林景观资源优势明显,东部平原乡镇森林资源则较小,森林资源主要分布于海拔100～300 m浅山丘陵区和海拔500～800 m中山区。在景观和类型水平上,斑块密度(PD)、凝结度(COHESION)对地理环境支配和人类活动干扰的响应更大,低破碎化、高连通性、多样化森林景观与高海拔、高起伏度的地形条件关系密切,乡镇耕地和居民建设用地面积占比(PCLA、PRCLA)越大,林地景观破碎化越强和连通性程度越低。平均坡度(MS)、土层厚度(SD)和高差(ED)作为基础性的控制因素,直接影响耕地、居民建设用地占比等方面,间接作用于森林景观格局。在一定的地形土壤条件下,降低人口数量、耕地数量和居民建设用地占比,可降低森林景观格局破碎化,提升森林景观连通性。     

小果型西瓜新品种‘圣女红2号’

 ‘圣女红2号’为优质、特早熟、小果型西瓜新品种。植株长势强健, 抗病抗逆性强, 雌花出现早, 易坐果, 果实膨大快, 单果质量1.8～2.2 kg。果实椭圆形, 浅绿底覆墨绿细条带, 果肉浓粉红色, 肉质松脆细嫩, 品质佳, 适合各地春播大中棚特早熟覆盖栽培。     

黄金树花器官发生及发育的形态观察

利用普通光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术对黄金树花器官的发生及发育过程进行了观察.结果显示:(1)黄金树花器官的形态发生及发育过程集中于3月下旬-5月上旬;(2)花原基分化形成花的整个过程符合一般的分化顺序:花萼原基-花冠原基-雄蕊原基-雌蕊原基,且各原基在分化顺序上存在交叉;(3)花药及胚珠的发育与花器官的形态发生之间有明显的连续性,当花蕾直径为3.0 mm左右时花粉母细胞及完整的花粉囊壁形成,直径达到3.5 mm左右时胚珠中出现孢原细胞的分化,它直接起大孢子母细胞的功能.     

Role of nestin in the maintenance of the structure of podocytes

AIM:To investigate the expression of nestin, a kind of cytoskeletal protein in cultured murine podocytes and the role of nestin in the maintenance of the podocyte structure.METHODS:The immortalized murine podocytes were cultured. The expression of nestin was determined by immunofluorescence. In differentiated podocytes, the expression of nestin was knock-down by RNAi. The effect of nestin knock-down was examined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The projections longer than maximal length of the cell body in which the cells transfected with siRNA and control vector that contained nonhomologous oligo were counted, respectively. RESULTS:Nestin siRNA markedly reduced or abolished nestin expression. In cells transfected with nestin siRNA, the percentage of cells with processes was significantly lower than that in cells transfected with control vector (77.0%±6.3% vs 16.0%±4.6%, n=3, P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Nestin may play an important role in maintaining normal function of podocytes.     

Caelastrol and pristimerin derived from Leigongteng inhibit promoter activity of HLA-B*2705 gene

AIM: To screen the effective chemicals, which can suppress the promoter activity of the HLA-B*2705 gene as potential therapeutic agents. METHODS: The HeLa-HLA-B27, 293T-HLA-B27 stable transfectants were used to monitor the effect of 12 264 chemicals through high throughput screening (HTS). Chemicals which regulates HLA-B*2705 promoter activity more than 150% or less than 60% were picked out for the further IC50/EC50 and cell viability detection. RESULTS: (1) The primary screening used by 293T-HLA-B27 stable transfectant yielded about 5.1% hits which either suppressed (556 chemicals) or enhanced (68 chemicals) the HLA-B*2705 promoter activity. (2) A reconfirmation screening was carried out with these 624 of the candidates using transfected HeLa-HLA-B27 cells. Seventy hits were confirmed. (3) Based on the bioinformatics of those positive hits, 40 chemicals were selected for in-depth analysis by dose-response experiment and IC50/EC50 detection. Six suppressors showed potential pharmacological activities. Interestingly, two suppressors (celastrol and pristimerin) are derived from Leigongteng, a herbal medicine already used for several decades for treatment of immune regulatory and inflammatory diseases. Four active chemicals were computer designed with no relevance to the above structures. CONCLUSION: Chinese traditional herb Nansheteng and Leigongteng might be the potential drugs for HLA-B27 positive patients. These results provide new direction for research in both the therapeutics and the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis.     

基因型和6-BA对黄瓜子叶节再生频率的影响

以华北、华南类型,欧洲、日本类型及美国加工类型黄瓜为材料,研究了基因型和激素（6-BA）对黄瓜子 叶节再生频率的影响。结果表明：基因型是子叶节再生频率的主要影响因素之一,不同基因型黄瓜子叶节在同一 培养基上每外植体再生芽数明显不同;6-BA是子叶节分化所需的重要激素,材料228、185、65G随着6-BA浓度的升 高,每外植体再生芽数增加;四川白瓜、吉林旱瓜、K2148随6-BA浓度的升高,每外植体再生芽数反而降低;其中 ,四川白瓜的再生频率最高,在MS1(MS+0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA+2.0 mg·L-1AgNO3)培养基上,每外植体再生芽数可 达6.4个。     

苦豆子内生放线菌的分离鉴定及其拮抗菌筛选

采用3种消毒时间对健康苦豆子植株体内的内生放线菌进行分离。结果表明：消毒3 min消除非内生菌的影响效果较好;同一植株分离内生放线菌的数量,根部比茎、叶部多。经初步鉴定,苦豆子内生放线菌以链霉菌属和诺卡氏菌属为最多,分别占分离总数的35%和27%;其次为小多孢菌属,占12%;而类诺卡氏菌属、小单孢菌属、孢囊放线菌属和分枝杆菌属分离较少。26株纯化菌株对茄子枯萎病菌进行平板对峙培养,筛选出3株抑菌带宽度达到10 mm以上的菌株,其中菌株KDS22发酵液抑菌效果最好。     

水芋体细胞胚胎发生及植株再生休系的建立

以水芋幼叶为外植体,应用均匀设计法筛选其最适合的胚性愈伤组织及胚性细胞复合体诱导、体细胞胚胎发育及植株再生的培养基,建立了水芋体细胞胚胎发生体系.对不同阶段培养材料的形态结构及超微结构的观察证明了水芋体细胞胚胎的发育过程.结果表明:水芋叶片胚性愈伤组织及胚性细胞复合体诱导最适宜培养基为:LS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 2.0mg/L,诱导率为98.5%;体胚发育及植株再生最适宜的培养基为:LS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L+IAA 1.0 mg/L,体胚萌发率为96%,萌发的体胚在发育培养基上继续培养25 d后全部发育成完整植株.     

唐山市板栗红蜘蛛防治试验

板栗红蜘蛛是唐山市板栗生产上的主要害虫.根据板栗红蜘蛛发生消长规律,采用烟雾机喷雾施药,研究了聚乙烯醇、刹死倍和3种杀螨剂对红蜘蛛越冬卵和发生期螨的防治效果.结果表明:对越冬卵的防效聚乙烯醇40倍液+5度石硫合剂在栗树休眠期可达86.53%;刹死倍200倍液在栗树芽萌动期达77.9%;尼索朗对发生期螨的防效达80.6%,均可在板栗产区推广应用.     

NaN_3处理条件下西瓜直接再生试验体系研究

以西瓜纯种自交系伊选为材料,研究了化学诱变剂NaN3对西瓜直接再生试验体系的影响.研究发现,随着叠氯化钠浓度的升高,显著的延迟了种子萌发、胚根发生、子叶开展、不定芽分化、伸长以及生根的时间,降低了芽分化频率和每个外植体分化的不定芽数.1.5 mmol/L的NaN3振荡处理1.5 h为最佳的诱变处理,使外植体再生频率降低到40.0%,不定芽数/外植体降低到4.3,符合抗冷突变体半致死剂量的要求.