活化铁尾砂与镁改性生物炭配施对水稻幼苗生长及盐碱土性质的影响

为探究活化的高硅型铁尾砂与镁改性生物炭配施材料对水稻幼苗生长及盐碱土壤理化性质的影响以及改善盐碱地水稻生产力的可行性,本研究应用电子扫描显微镜对生物炭材料进行形貌结构观察,应用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对生物炭材料进行官能团表征;开展盆栽实验,探究活化铁尾砂与生物炭材料配施对水稻幼苗的形态学和生理学的影响及对盐碱土的改善效果。结果表明,相比于其他生物炭材料,活化铁尾砂-镁改性生物炭材料孔隙较大,表面更加粗糙,对于养分的吸附能力强,表面的官能团丰富。盆栽实验中活化铁尾砂-镁改性生物炭配施组中水稻幼苗株高、根长、根冠比和干质量分别较对照组提高12.61%、191.49%、42.93%和100.00%;叶片的丙二醛和活性氧含量分别降低65.76%和46.46%;过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白值分别升高117.35%、44.75%、55.00%和19.31%。施用活化铁尾砂-镁改性生物炭材料后,盐碱土的电导率降低,p H、总碳、总氮、土壤有效硅、总磷和总钾含量升高。研究证明活化铁尾砂-镁改性生物炭材料性能优越,并且活化铁尾砂与镁改性生物炭配施改善了盐碱土壤理化性质和养分含量,使水稻幼...     

剩余污泥腐植酸的提取和对作物幼苗建成的影响

为解决IHSS （国际腐植酸协会）推荐法提取剩余污泥腐植酸参数不明确和剩余污泥腐植酸提取研究中缺乏其毒性效应评价等问题,利用响应曲面法得到剩余污泥腐植酸提取的最佳条件,并分析了腐植酸理化特性及其对作物幼苗建成的影响。结果表明,腐植酸提取的最佳条件：碱浓度为0.19 mol·L^-1,碱泥比（mL∶g）为11.6,振荡时间为3.8 h,提取量为96.1 mg·g^-1。相较于推荐法的腐植酸提取量增加了118%。提取所得腐植酸的元素分析显示,O/C为0.84,H/C为0.14,C/N为4.43;傅里叶变换红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱分析显示,剩余污泥腐植酸存在羧基、醇羟基和酚羟基等含氧官能团,重均分子量为8 856 Da。此外,在500 mg·L^-1施用条件下,该腐植酸对大白菜和萝卜种子发芽率和子叶光合色素含量均无显著影响,而对大白菜种子胚根伸长具有显著促进作用。综上,通过优化提取条件可显著提高腐植酸提取量,剩余污泥腐植酸腐殖化程度与芳香化程度均较高,分子量较小,生物活性较强,且低浓度下对作物早期生长无不良影响。     

Effects of temperature and humidity on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces

The effects of external factors such as temperature, humidity, pesticide formulation, and pesticide concentration on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces were analyzed. The experiments showed that there were significant differences in the contact angles of droplets on the leaf surfaces under different temperatures and humidity. As the ambient temperature increased, the contact angle first decreased and then increased, reaching a minimum value at 25°C. With a gradual increase in humidity, the contact angle significantly increased and reached a maximum at 100% humidity. Finally, it was concluded that both the formulation and concentration of the pesticide had a significant effect on the contact angle of droplets on rice leaf surfaces. The experiments also illustrated that the effects of the pesticide formulation and concentration on the contact angle were more significant than those of temperature and humidity.     

世界性恶性杂草——紫茎泽兰研究的历史及现状

\t\t\t\t\t目的\t\t\t\t\t为了明确斜纹夜蛾取食紫茎泽兰对其生长发育和繁殖的影响。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t方法\t\t\t\t\t在室内分别利用紫茎泽兰和白菜叶片饲喂斜纹夜蛾幼虫,比较其生长发育、繁殖及存活差异。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结果\t\t\t\t\t斜纹夜蛾可在紫茎泽兰上完成整个世代,但相较于其适宜寄主白菜,取食紫茎泽兰叶片导致其生长发育速率降低、历期延长、体重减轻,存活率、羽化率和繁殖力下降。取食紫茎泽兰的斜纹夜蛾各龄幼虫发育历期和蛹期与取食白菜叶片的斜纹夜蛾间差异显著(P<0.05),取食紫茎泽兰的幼虫其历期比取食白菜的延长10.26 d;取食紫茎泽兰的斜纹夜蛾1～6龄幼虫的体重显著低于取食白菜的同龄幼虫(P<0.05);蛹重比取食白菜的斜纹夜蛾蛹重低15.79% (P<0.05);紫茎泽兰上的斜纹夜蛾幼虫的累计存活率和羽化率分别为40.61%和83.33%,分别比白菜上降低31.96%和11.67% (P<0.05);同时,取食紫茎泽兰叶片可导致斜纹夜蛾成虫产卵期延长,单雌产卵量下降,并对其性比产生一定影响。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论\t\t\t\t\t斜纹夜蛾取食紫茎泽兰虽不利于自身的生长发育,但能够完成整个世代,说明紫茎泽兰可以作为斜纹夜蛾的寄主植物,斜纹夜蛾具有成为紫茎泽兰天敌的潜力。\t\t\t\t     

松茸菌株对6种松树幼苗的感染及其菌根解剖学研究

利用我国滇产松茸9924菌株及日产松茸99606菌株，分别对云南松、华山松、马尾松、火炬松、湿地松及加勒比松6种松树幼苗实施人工菌根接种。研究结果表明，接种后90d的云南松和湿地松分别有75％和78．1％的幼苗受感染并形成菌根；接种后180d,6种松树幼苗分部都可形成菌根，菌根感染率分别达90．63％－100％，感染指数达50．00－84．68；菌根形态主要有棒状、二叉分枝状及多叉分枝状3种；随树种的不同，各类菌根形态所占比例也不同；不同树种根系上形成菌根的长度也有差异，以马尾松根系上的菌根最长，华山松的菌根最短；此外，各种组合之间在菌套厚度，哈蒂氏网结构上也略有差别。     

Low levels of haptoglobin and putative amino acid sequence in Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs

Porcine haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein. Its plasma level increases significantly during inflammation and infection. One of the main functions of Hp is to bind free hemoglobin (Hb) and inhibit its oxidative activity. In the present report, we studied the Hp phenotype of Taiwanese Lanyu miniature pigs (TLY minipigs; n=43) and found their Hp structure to be a homodimer (beta-alpha-alpha-beta) similar to human Hp 1-1. Interestingly, Western blot and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis showed that 25% of the TLY minipigs possessed low or no plasma Hp level (<0.05 mg/ml). The Hp cDNA of these TLY minipigs was then cloned, and the translated amino acid sequence was analyzed. No sequences were found to be deficient; they showed a 99.7% identity with domestic pigs (NP_999165). The mean overall Hp level of the TLY minipigs (0.21 +/- 0.25 mg/ml; n=43) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was markedly lower than that of domestic pigs (0.78 +/- 0.45 mg/ml; p<0.001), while 25% of the TLY minipigs had an Hp level that was extremely low (<0.05 mg/ml). In addition, the initial recovery rate (first 40 min) in the circulation of infused fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Hb was significantly higher in the TLY minipigs with extremely low Hp levels than those with high levels. This data suggests that the low concentration of Hp-Hb complex is responsible for the higher recovery rate of Hb in the circulation. TLY minipigs have been used as an experimental model for cardiovascular diseases; whether they can be used as a model for inflammatory diseases, with Hp as a marker, remains a topic of interest. However, since the Hp level varies significantly among individual TLY minipigs, it is necessary to prescreen the Hp levels of the animals to minimize variation in the experimental baseline. The present study may provide a reference value for future use of the TLY minipig as an animal model for inflammation-associated diseases.     

黄牛正常胆囊及牛黄胆囊组织学观察

对111份正常黄牛及12份天然牛黄牛的胆囊,进行了组织学光镜观察。结果发现,在正常情况下黄牛胆囊即有轻度水肿、炎细胞浸润的胆囊炎病变;牛黄胆囊均有囊壁增厚、炎细胞的显浸润、粘液浆液腺显著增生的慢性胆囊炎。同时胆汁很少,极度粘稠。此外本文对胆囊病变与成黄的关系作了分析。     

雌雄蛹自动分选机的研制

雌雄蚕蛹分选是制造优质蚕种的重要环节。依据雌雄蛹体重量和体形大小存在明显差异的特点 ,研制成功三段式雌雄分选机。经生产测试 ,每小时可分选 135 96kg茧的蚕蛹 ,分选雌雄蛹的误鉴率平均为 3 18% ,比人工分选的准确率高 ;通过调节分选孔的大小 ,准确率可达 99 5 %以上 ;在复眼着黑后分选对蛹体无损伤。机械操作简易 ,符合生产要求     

不同饲养密度对地面平养蛋鸡福利状况和生产性能的影响

试验旨在通过研究地面平养模式下不同饲养密度对蛋鸡行为、外观、血液应激指标及生产性能的影响,筛选保证蛋鸡福利状况及生产性能的最大饲养密度,为我国推广地面平养模式蛋鸡福利养殖奠定理论基础。将780只苏禽绿壳蛋鸡按舍内密度分为四组,其中地面平养分为低密度组(6只/m^2)、中密度组(8只/m^2)、高密度组(10只/m^2),笼养组为对照组,每组3个重复。试验期为18~27周龄,蛋鸡行为学数据均采用视频录像收集,在27周龄末进行翅静脉采血和福利外观评价,统计分析24~27周龄生产性能。结果显示:笼养蛋鸡的产蛋率,攻击、刻板等非福利行为均显著高于平养组(P<0.05),脚垫损伤、羽毛评分、应激激素浓度(CORT、ACTH)显著低于平养组(P<0.05)。地面平养各组间,高密度组蛋鸡料蛋比显著高于低、中密度组(P<0.05);低、中密度组蛋鸡行走和休息时间比例均显著高于高密度组(P<0.05);低密度组蛋鸡啄羽行为显著低于高密度组(P<0.05),但与中密度组差异不显著(P>0.05);低、中密度组蛋鸡脚垫损伤、背羽损伤显著低于高密度组(P<0.05);高密度组蛋鸡血清中CORT和ACTH浓度显著低于低、中密度组(P<0.05)。由此可见,平养蛋鸡比笼养蛋鸡行为表现更积极,羽毛覆盖度更好,但应激水平和足部损伤较高、生产性能较低;在试验场地模式下,推荐8只/m2为最佳饲养密度。     

河南省饲料业经济发展现状及其路径探索

文章总结了河南省饲料业经济形成和发展历程,在当前农业供给侧改革和工业产业结构调整背景下,对河南省饲料业经济遇到的问题进行概括和分析,从产业结构调整、高新技术应用、绿色环保和创新企业管理等多个角度论述了河南饲料业改变现状、深化改革的路径和策略,以期推动新经济形态下河南饲料企业的转型升级,提高经济效益和社会效益,推动河南饲料业经济的绿色、长效发展。