溧阳鸡产肉性能及肌肉品质的测定

以8周龄溧阳鸡为素材,测定其屠宰性能、肉品质和化学指标。结果表明:溧阳鸡产肉性能良好,8周龄屠宰率在88%以上,全净膛率在60%以上;胸、腿肌pH值分别为5.93、6.40;胸肌失水率大于腿肌,但胸肌剪切力小于腿肌;腿、胸肌水分含量为710-740g·kg-1;脂肪含量母鸡胸、腿肌分别为8.4、23.0g·kg-1,公鸡分别为6.6、20.6g·kg-1;蛋白质含量母鸡胸、腿肌分别为218.4、181.0g·kg-1,公鸡分别为228.1、194.7g·kg-1。各指标性别间差异均不显著。     

我国主要类型土壤的有效态硒及其与某些土壤性质的关系

Forty-eight soil profiles were sampled from different ecological and pedogeochemical areas of China and their available selenium (Av-Se) contents were determined. Results showed that the content of Av-Se in the profiles of soils in China ranged within 2.49~18.10 μg kg^-1, with a mean value of 10.01 μg kg^-1, and was in the sequence of Ferralisols > Luvisols > Isohumisols > Aridisols. The correlation analysis between Av-Se and the soil physical-chemical properties revealed that the correlations between Av-Se and O.M., CEC, Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, ignition loss, Co and Zn were positive at a highly significant level, but those between Av-Se and pH, base saturation, CaO, Ba and Sr were all negative at a highly significant level. The reason of some diseases related to the Se deficiency might be the leaching loss of selenium in some soils.     

气候智慧型农业措施对中国农田土壤有机碳含量影响的Meta分析

气候智慧型农业（Climate-smart agriculture,CSA）作为一种致力于实现提高农业效率、增强农业适应性和减少温室气体排放三大目标的新型农业,已经在全球农业区得到了广泛实施。本研究旨在探究4种CSA措施——生物炭、免耕、绿肥和秸秆还田对我国农田土壤有机碳（Soil organic carbon,SOC）含量的影响,以期为我国农田SOC管理和CSA的推广提供科学依据。数据来源于CNKI和Web of Science两大文献数据库,共收集了2002—2022年78篇相关的大田试验文献,并摘录470条试验结果和试验背景信息,利用整合分析（Meta-analysis）的方法量化4种CSA措施对我国农田SOC含量的作用效果及作用过程中的外部影响因素。结果表明：相较于传统农业,CSA措施对农田SOC含量具有显著的提升作用,总体可提高18.19%。4种措施的实施效果表现为生物炭>秸秆还田>绿肥>免耕,SOC含量增长率分别为46.67%、17.08%、9.32%、7.34%。区域环境因素（气温、降水、土壤深度、土壤pH、初始SOC含量等）和管理方式（试验持续时长、试...     

中国人为土的多样性

Human activities make strong effects on soil formation. Anthropogenic soils are much more intensive and extensive in China for their history of agricultural production can be dated back to more than 7 000 years ago. Owing to different physical conditions and land uses, the anthropogenic soil-forming processes are various. Anthrosols are proposed, and the corresponding soil order is set up in Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST). Mainly based on 6 Anthropogenic diagnostic horizons, which are anthraquic epipedon, hydragric horizon, irragric epipedon, cumulic epipedon, fimic epipedon and agric horizon, the Anthrosols Order is subdivided into 2 soil suborders and 4 soil groups. Meanwhile the classification of Anthrosols in CST has been basically accepted as the classification of Anthrosols in World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB).     

肉鸡血浆VLDL浓度的选择效应——对产蛋性能的影响

以零世代和一世代高、低脂系肉鸡为素材 ,个体记录高、低脂系母鸡产蛋性能 ,屠宰测定零世代 54周龄母鸡腹脂重 (率 ) ,探讨肥度性状与产蛋性能的关系 ,并研究零世代、一世代高、低脂系产蛋性能选择效应。结果表明 :在限饲条件下 ,腹脂重 (率 )与开产日龄、产蛋量表型相关很弱。腹脂重 (率 )与蛋重呈负表型相关趋势 ;零世代高、低脂系产蛋性能差异不显著。一世代低脂系比高脂系早开产 6.7d,低脂系 4 0周龄和 54周龄产蛋量显著高于高脂系 ,表明对血浆 VLDL浓度的选择使产蛋性能产生了有益的间接反应     

外源甲状腺素及可的松对牙鲆早期发育阶段生长、发育和变态的影响

通过外源甲状腺素（T4）及可的松浸泡卵和仔鱼,结果表明：外源甲状腺素（T4）和可的松对牙好卵的孵化率和初孵仔鱼的体长没有显著影响;外源甲状腺素（T4）对0～10日龄的仔鱼生长有显著影响,和对照组（0）相比,0．05×10-6和0．1×10－6的影响显著,外源可的松对0～10日龄的生长不显著;外源甲状腺素（T4）和可的松对11～24日龄仔鱼的生长不显著,外源甲状腺素（T4）对11～24日龄的仔鱼变态有显著影响,和对照组（0）相比,0．05×10－6和0．1×10-6的影响显著;外源可的松对11～24日龄的变态影响不显著。     

玉米矮花叶病遗传育种研究现状

介绍了玉米矮花叶病的病原等情况,进一步分析了玉米矮花叶病的发病原因及防治办法,对玉米矮花叶病的抗性鉴定和抗性遗传研究现状了综述,并指出了玉米抗病育种的几个发展方向。     

复方三氮唑核苷注射液对大白鼠的亚慢性毒性试验

将复方三氮唑核苷主射液按高,中,低剂量分别给大白鼠皮下注射,每天１次,连续注射３０ｄ,观察试验鼠的生理状态及活动情况测定增重及血液生理生化指标,并进行病理解剖及病理组织学检查。结果表明,复方三氮唑核苷注射液对大白鼠的生理活动血液生理生化指标均无不良影响;病理组织学检查,仅高剂量组有１０％大白鼠发生肾小管上皮细胞轻度颗粒变性,其它组各器官均未见异常。     

Investigation of mitochondrial DNA genetic diversity and phylogeny of goats worldwide

Genetic diversity, population structure, and population expansion of goats worldwide (4 165 individuals from 196 breeds) were analyzed using published mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D_loop hypervariable region sequences. Results showed that 2 409 haplotypes and 301 polymorphic sites were present within the 401-bp length D_loop region, the nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.03471, and the haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.9983. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 98.92% of haplotypes were divided into six obvious clusters, consistent with the classification of the known mitochondrial haplogroups of goats. Haplogroup A accounted for the largest proportion (86%). Interestingly, two unknown divisions (Unknown I and Unknown II) were discovered from goats in Southwest China, suggesting that Southwest China has unique maternal haplogroups. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and the average number of pairwise differences between populations (PiXY) indicated that geographical variation was small but significant. Neutrality tests (Tajima's D and Fu's F_S tests) and mismatch distribution showed that haplogroups B, C, and G had expansion histories. In addition, the phylogenetic relationship between domestic and wild goats suggested that Capra aegagrus is the most likely wild ancestor and may have participated in the domestication of ancestral populations of A, B, C, and F haplogroups. A meta-analysis on the mtDNA sequences of goats from international databases was conducted to analyze goats’ genetic diversity, population structure, and matrilineal system evolution worldwide. The results may help further understand the domestication history and gene flow of goats worldwide.     

投喂蚕豆和普通配合饲料草鱼肌肉营养成分比较分析及营养评价

对投喂蚕豆和普通配合饲料的2组草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）肌肉中的胶原蛋白、钙离子（Ca2＋）、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量进行了比较分析,并对其营养价值与食用价值进行了评价。结果显示,投喂蚕豆草鱼肌肉中胶原蛋白和Ca2＋的质量分数分别为（0．149±0．011）％和（0．036±0．011）％,比投喂普通配合饲料的草鱼分别提高了36．7％和154％。投喂蚕豆草鱼肌肉中氨基酸总量为（16．802±1．823）％,投喂普通配合饲料草鱼氨旗酸总量为（18．444±0．850）％;投喂蚕豆草鱼肌肉中4种鲜味氨基酸[天冬氨酸（Asp）、谷氮酸（Glu）、甘氯酸（Gyl）和丙氨酸（Ala）]总质量分数为（6．613±0．771）％,低于投喂普通配合饲料草鱼。投喂蚕豆荦：鱼和投喂普通配合饲料草鱼肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）总量分别占脂肪酸总量的73．857％和76．334％,其中单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）分别占脂肪总量的（55．598±2．403）％和（33．832±2．755）％。结果表明,投喂蚕豆荦：鱼叽肉中胶原蛋白和Ca2＋含量比投喂普通配合饲料的草鱼有显著提高,但其鲜味程度、氨基酸以及小饱和脂肪酸含鞋比投喂普通配合饲料草鱼低。