Physiological but not morphological adjustments along latitudinal gradients in a human commensal species,the Eurasian tree sparrow

Human commensal species take advantage of anthropogenic conditions that are less likely to be challenged by the selective pressures of natural environments. Their morphological and physiological phenotypes can therefore dissociate from habitat characteristics. Understanding how these species adjust their morphological and physiological traits across latitudinal gradients is fundamental to uncovering the eco-physiological strategies underlying coping mechanisms. Here, we studied morphological traits in breeding Eurasian tree sparrows (ETSs; Passer montanus) among low-latitude (Yunnan and Hunan) and middle-latitude (Hebei) localities in China. We then compared body mass; lengths of bill, tarsometatarsus, wing, total body, and tail feather; and baseline and capture stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the metabolites including glucose (Glu), total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total protein, and uric acid (UA). None of the measured morphological parameters varied with latitude except in the Hunan population, which demonstrated longer bills than those in other populations. Stress-induced CORT levels significantly exceeded baseline levels and decreased with increasing latitude, but total integrated CORT levels did not vary with latitude. Capture stress-induced significantly increased Glu levels and decreased TG levels, independent of site. However, the Hunan population had significantly higher baseline CORT, baseline and stress-induced FFA levels, but lower UA levels, which differed from other populations. Our results suggest that rather than morphological adjustments, physiological adjustments are mainly involved in coping mechanisms for middle-latitude adaptation in ETSs. It is worth investigating whether other avian species also exhibit such dissociation from external morphological designs while depending on physiological adjustments.     

河北省作物生产潜力及人口承载力研究

本文采用改进的农业生态区域法,将河北省分成8个农业自然区进行分析,计算了春小麦、春玉米、冬小麦、夏玉米4种主要作物的光温生产潜力,经过降水、自然灾害、土地质量等自然因素订正,分析了河北省作物生产潜力。通过对农田投入水平、历年来粮食作物产量分析,预测了河北省2010年和2030年粮食潜力总产,采用一元线性回归模型与GM(1,1)模型预测了2010年和2030年人口数量、耕地面积及粮食单产发展趋势,结合宽裕型、小康型、富裕型3种消费水平分别预测了预测期内土地资源人口承载力状况;最后提出了河北省土地资源可持续发展的战略对策。     

海南大戟乳汁脂溶性成分GC-MS分析

以海南大戟乳汁为试材,采用冷浸法提取海南大戟乳汁脂溶性成分,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术检测其化学成分,分离共得到24个化合物,鉴定了其中的19个化合物,5个化合物未定。结果表明:海南大戟乳汁主要脂溶性成分为环阿屯醇、24-亚甲基环木菠萝烷醇、紫薇乙缩醛以及未定化合物1和未定化合物2。     

西北干旱灌溉区种植春小麦和牧草对耕地盐渍化的影响

[目的]研究西北干旱灌溉区种植春小麦和牧草对耕地盐渍化的影响差异,为该区防治土壤次生盐渍化工作提供科学依据。[方法]以小麦(Triticum aestivum)和混播牧草披碱草/苜蓿(Elymus dahuricus/Medicago sativa)及其下部土壤为研究对象,通过测定植被的盖度、高度、地上生物量及其下部土壤的水、盐含量等指标,来分析和比较种植春小麦和牧草对耕地盐渍化的影响,以及不同植被特征指标与土壤水、电导率间的定量关系。[结果]小麦和牧草的盖度、高度、地上生物量均随生长时间的延长呈显著升高趋势。小麦收获后,小麦地裸露类似于裸地,而牧草继续生长并保持覆盖耕地。当耕地被植被覆盖时,其地表的日照强度、表层土壤(0—5cm)的温度和盐含量均显著低于裸地,而地表的湿度和表层土壤的含水率正好相反,均显著高于裸地。相关分析显示,植被地上生物量与土壤含水率、植被盖度与土壤盐含量间相关性最强,土壤含水率与盐含量间呈显著负相关关系。进一步回归分析显示,植被地上生物量每提高1kg/m2,可使植被覆盖区的表层土壤含水率升高6%,盖度每提高1%,可使表层土壤的电导率降低2.2μS/cm。[结论]西北干旱灌溉区种植春小麦因生育期较短易引发土壤的次生盐渍化,而牧草覆盖耕地时间较长可预防耕地发生盐渍化危害。     

辣椒新品种‘苏椒 17 号’

 ‘苏椒17 号’是以母本‘06X354’与父本‘06X28’配制的早熟辣椒一代杂种。果实长灯笼 形,青果绿色,成熟果红色,果长10 ~ 11 cm,平均单果质量44.2 g,产量47 263.9 kg · hm-2,质脆微辣, 耐贮运,耐低温,高抗炭疽病,中抗病毒病,适合在江淮、黄淮流域保护地栽培。     

不同品种鸡蛋中胆固醇含量比较

<正>鸡蛋是人们日常生活中主要的食物来源之一,它富含蛋白质、卵黄素、卵磷脂等,同时又是人体所需的各种维生素和矿物元素的良好来源。然而鸡蛋的蛋黄中含有大量的胆固醇,过多的摄入可引起高血脂、血栓进而引发动脉粥样硬化等一系列心血管疾病[1]。随着人们保健意识的增强,希望能少摄入高胆固醇的食品。     

高频饮用牛奶和葡萄糖对雌性大鼠生殖机能的影响

选用22d断奶SD大鼠高频饮用牛奶或葡萄糖40d,分别记录各组动物的阴道开张时间和阴道黏液、每周日增重、卵巢及子宫所占体重百分比、血糖水平,收集卵巢进行组织学处理以观察卵泡发育情况,探讨高频饮用牛奶和葡萄糖对雌性大鼠初情期的影响.结果显示,奶组和糖组大鼠较对照组阴道开张时间来得早,预示初情期可能提前,而且,奶组和糖组大鼠的卵巢占体重百分比较对照组高(P＜0.05).牛奶组血糖水平比对照组高,但糖组与对照组血糖水平差异不显著.通过对卵巢进行石蜡切片、HE染色及卵泡计数,结果显示:奶组的闭锁卵泡、每张切片卵泡总平均数都比对照组多(P＜0.05),而葡萄糖组的黄体数比对照组少(P＜0.05).试验表明高频饮用牛奶和葡萄糖可对性成熟前雌性大鼠的生殖机能产生一定影响.     

Effects of the juice of Fructus Hippophae (JFH) on thrombocytopenia induced by cyclophosphamide in rats

AIM:To investigate the effects of the juice of fructus hippophae(JFH) on thrombocytopenia in rats.METHODS:Forty-eight wistar rats were divided into control group, model group, Yixuesheng-Jiaonang (YSJN) group and JFH group. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (CTX, 30 mg/kg) or saline once a day for 3 days. And then, Saline, YSJN or JFH was administered (ig) once a day for 11 days. On the second, fouth, sixth and eighth day, the thrombocyte were counted, the mean platelet volume (MPV) and PDW were examined. On the eighth day, the cAMP, cGMP in platelets and platelet aggregation function were also examined.RESULTS:JFH could shorten the time of blood coagulation, increase the count of platelet, and enhance the platelet aggregation function. The experiment also showed that the JFH could decrease cGMP content in platelet.CONCLUSION:JFH could enhance blood coagulation and quality of platelet and prevent thrombocytopenia induced by cyclophosphamide in rats.     

表达小反刍兽疫病毒H基因的山羊痘病毒通用转移载体的构建及鉴定

笔者以山羊痘病弱毒疫苗毒株TK基因内KpnI为插入位点,构建了表达绿色荧光蛋白和小反刍兽疫（PPR）H基因的重组山羊痘病毒通用转移载体,为今后研究羊痘病毒活载体疫苗奠定基础。     

药用真菌香菇代料栽培优良菌株的筛选研究

本文以菌丝生长速度、生长势、产量、栽培性状为指标对6个香菇菌株进行筛选,旨在筛选出适合代料栽培的优良香菇菌株。结果表明,武香1号和931这两个菌株在菌丝生长速度、生长势、产量、栽培性状等指标上明显优于其他菌株,是适宜河南省香菇代料栽培的优良菌株。