种植年限对紫花苜蓿地土壤pH值和磷酸酶活性的影响

为科学评价种植苜蓿的改土效应和提高苜蓿对土壤磷素养分的利用效率,以1年生、2年生、3年生、4年生和6年生紫花苜蓿地为试验对象,研究了种植年限对盐碱地土壤pH值和土壤磷酸酶活性的影响.结果表明:随着种植年限的增加,土壤pH值总体上呈下降趋势,6年生苜蓿地较1年生苜蓿地土壤pH值下降了O.13;在0～40cm土层内,土壤pH值随土层深度的增加而升高,但40～50cm土层土壤pH值出现明显的下降.根际土壤磷酸酶活性高于非根际,二者均随种植年限的增加先升后降,随土层深度的增加而降低.不同生长年限苜蓿地各土层土壤pH值与土壤磷酸酶活性均呈负相关,表明试验条件下土壤pH值降低有利于土壤磷酸酶活性的提高.     

Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist rosiglitazone on intestinal injury in rats undergoing orthotopic autologous liver transplantation by inhibiting inflammatory response

AIM: To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) agonist, on the expression of PPARγ, the activation of NF-κB and intestine injury in the rats undergoing orthotopic autologous liver transplantation(OALT).METHODS: Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group, sham group, OALT group and rosiglitazone(0.3 mg/kg, iv) pretreatment(ROS+OALT) group. The OALT model was established, and the intestinal tissues were collected 8 h after the liver reperfusion. The intestinal tissue sections were stained to visualize the damage. The expression of PPARγ and NF-κB in the tissues, the concentrations of diamine oxidase(DAO) and fatty acid-binding protein 2(FABP2) in the serum and the concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 in the tissues were measured.RESULTS: Compared with sham group, the intestinal mucosa of the rats showed obvious pathological injury after liver reperfusion in OALT group and ROS group, the Chiu,s scores of intestinal mucosa was significantly higher, and the serum concentrations of DAO and FABP2 increased(P<0.05). After rosiglitazone pretreatment, the injury of intestinal mucosa of the rats was alleviated, the Chiu,s scores was lower and the serum concentrations of DAO and FABP2 decreased(P<0.05), the PPARγ expression was obviously up-regulated in the intestinal tissues, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB was reduced and the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased.CONCLUSION: During perioperative period of OALT in rats, the inflammatory responses are obvious. Furthermore, obvious intestinal injury occurs. PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone obviously up-regulates PPARγ expression and inhibits the inflammation in the intestines, thus protecting against intestinal injury in rats undergoing OALT.     

我国蔬菜作物耐低温性研究进展

低温胁迫是蔬菜生产过程中的主要逆境因子,对蔬菜作物的生长发育、商品产量形成影响极大。本文综述了蔬菜作物耐低温性的遗传模型、生理调节和分子机制,展望了蔬菜作物耐低温性的研究前景。     

草地植被盖度的近距离遥感测定

盖度或者覆盖度是植物群落结构的一个重要数量指标。通常的目视估测植物群落盖度方法不仅精度低,而且因人而异。本研究采用近距离遥感方法测定草地植物群落盖度,该方法主要包括数据获取、图像处理、像元数量提取和盖度计算4个部分。精度评价表明,该方法测定的绿色植被盖度误差很小,与目视估测方法比较,它具有客观、一致和精度高的优点。     

应用TaqMan-MGB探针进行松材线虫的实时荧光定量检测技术研究

 松材线虫是国际公认的最重要的检疫性有害生物之一,也是我国2类检疫危险性有害生物,我国口岸多次从货物的木质包装中截获该线虫。由于松材线虫与拟松材线虫在形态上极其相似,难以区分,幼虫更无法用于鉴定。传统的形态学鉴定、生化以及其他分子技术等方法存在费时、准确度不高、灵敏度低等缺点,不易形成标准。我们设计筛选一对引物以及一条MGB探针,对松材线虫进行实时荧光PCR检测。建立了一条从1 pg到10⁴pg标准曲线,相关系数r=0.965。该检测方法省时、准确、快速、无污染。     

基于表型和SRAP 标记的切花菊品种遗传多样性分析

 利用45 个表型性状和SRAP 标记分析56 个切花菊品种的遗传多样性。表型变异分析结果 表明：21 个性状表现出品种内一致性高及品种间特异性强;主成分分析发现,主成分贡献值较大的性状 有花序直径、花序类型和瓣型等花部性状,其次是叶部和茎杆性状,说明所选用的切花菊品种在分类时 应以花部性状为主,叶部和茎杆性状为辅;表型性状基于遗传距离UPGMA 聚类,将56 个切花菊品种分 为平瓣类、匙瓣类、桂瓣类、匙瓣-平瓣类和管瓣类,聚类结果大致按照花径-瓣型-花型分类。14 对 SRAP 引物组合扩增56 个切花菊品种的DNA,共扩增出454 条带,其中多态性带423 条,占扩增带数的 93.17%,多态性含量PIC 值在0.72 ~ 0.89 之间,平均为0.82,说明切花菊品种在分子水平上具有丰富的 遗传多样性。基于SRAP 标记的UPGMA 聚类分析显示：品种间遗传相似系数在0.64 ~ 0.97 之间,将56 个切花菊品种分为平瓣类-匙瓣、桂瓣类和管瓣类,聚类结果大致按照花径-瓣型-花型分类。Mantel 检验相关性系数为0.682,两种聚类结果有相似之处,均能很好体现试验切花菊品种间的遗传关系。     

小麦苗枯病菌的ITS分析及PCR检测

 小麦苗枯病菌(Clavibacter fangii,Cf)是引起小麦细菌性苗枯病的病原,本研究用16S~23S rDNA间的内源转录间隔区(internally transcribed spacer,ITS)序列通用引物L1(5'-AGTCGTAACAAGGTAGCCGT-3')和L2(5'-GTGCCAAGGCATCCACC-3')扩增Cf和其它相关细菌的基因组DNA;并对其PCR产物进行回收、克隆和测序,将所获序列和其它已报道的细菌ITS序列进行多重比较后设计出Cf的特异性引物I1(5'-TGCCAAGTCACACTGAGACGA-3')和I2(5'-CAATGATCTACCACCCTCCGA-3')。此引物可以从Cf中扩增出351bp的特异性片段,而其余参试的21个细菌PCR反应结果均为阴性。该方法可以应用于小麦苗枯病菌的快速、可靠检测。此外,本研究对多种植物病原棒形杆菌的ITS序列进行比较研究,发现其具有一定的分类意义。     

Lipid metabolism is improved by L-carnitinein semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet

AIM: To investigate the effects of exogenous L-carnitine on lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet. METHODS: The semi-starved rats were restricted half in calorie intake on high fat diet for 2 week. L-carnitine was supplied at dose of 250 mg/kg·bw. The changes of plasma carnitine concentration, urinary excretion of ketone body, serum lipase activity, muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, triglyceride secretion and clearance rate were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that the concentration of plasma free carnitine increased significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to normal and semi-starved rats.The activities of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase and serum lipase were significantly enhanced in carnitine supplemented rats. The triglyceride secretion rate (TGSR) was also improved remarkably by carnitine supplementation. Meanwhile, the urinary excretion of ketone body was reduced significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to semi-starved rats. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that carnitine supplementation can significantly increase the plasma concentration of free carnitine and accelerate the lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet.     

芸薹属蔬菜花期分子调控研究进展

开花是芸薹属蔬菜作物非常重要的农艺性状,有4条途径调控开花：春化途径,光周期途径,赤霉素途径和自主途径。尽管这４条途径分别受不同的基因网络调节,但最终都汇集到相同的开花路径整合子。本文以模式植物拟南芥为借鉴,综述了芸薹属蔬菜花期调控中春化途径和自主途径关键基因FLC、光周期途径中关键基因CO和赤霉素途径的分子机制,及其在开花信号整合子中的核心调节作用,并对芸薹属蔬菜花期调控的深入研究进行了展望。     

猪源和鼠源脑心肌炎病毒分离株基因组的比较分析

为了分析猪源和鼠源脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)基因组的差异,对分离自同一猪场猪临床样本和鼠组织样本的2株病毒(GX0601和GX0602)进行了全基因组序列测定和比较分析.结果显示,2个分离毒株的基因组全长(包含poly A)分别为7 729和7 725 nt,核苷酸和氨基酸同源性均在99.8%以上.与国外毒株及国内已报道的分离株的序列比较结果表明,2个毒株与BJC3和HBl的核苷酸同源性为98.18%～99.41%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性为99.5%～99.7%,与国外分离株的核苷酸序列和氨基睃序列的同源性分别介于80.53%～99.57%和93.1%～99.5%.基于基因组开放阅读框推导的氨基酸序列的系统进化分析表明,我国分离毒株与国外毒株PEC9、CBNU、BEL-2887A/91和EMCV-R的同源性较高,位于同一个亚群.研究结果提示,猪源与鼠源毒株的基因组具有很高的同源性,鼠是猪场EMCV感染的传染来源.