铜对5-16周龄五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、营养物质利用率和血清激素含量的影响

本试验旨在研究铜对5-16周龄五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、营养物质利用率和血清激素含量的影响,以确定铜的最适宜添加水平。试验选用5周龄五龙鹅324只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复9只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(铜含量为5.87 mg/kg),Ⅱ~Ⅴ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加15、30、60、120、240 mg/kg铜的试验饲粮。试验期12周。结果表明:1)采用不相关比较法进行分析,饲粮铜添加水平为21.80 mg/kg时平均日增重最大;饲粮铜添加水平为16.25 mg/kg时料重比最低。2)生长激素、胰岛素、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸和游离甲状腺素与5-16周龄鹅的生长性能及营养物质利用率均有显著或极显著相关性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。由此可以得出:1)由曲线方程可知,5~16周龄五龙鹅获得最佳生长性能时的饲粮铜添加水平为16.25 mg/kg。2)饲粮中添加30 mg/kg的铜可显著提高代谢能、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、磷、粗纤维和酸性洗涤纤维利用率。3)饲粮铜添加水平对机体激素的分泌有显著影响,其中对生长激素的影响最显著。     

狼鳗的外部形态、消化系统和生殖系统的观察

采用观察、测量、解剖和拍照的方法,对狼鳗(Anarrhichthys ocelhatus)的外部形态、可数可量性状及消化系统、生殖系统进行研究,并描述了狼鳗的相关特征.结果显示,狼鳗体型为鳗形,整体呈黑色或灰黑色,头部、背部及背鳍鳍条上有若干似眼睛的黑色圆斑,体表无鳞.背鳍鳍条数为232～267,胸鳍鳍条数为15～22...     

播期和播种量对当归熟地种苗及成药产量与质量影响

【目的】 比较研究当归熟地育苗试验及大田栽培试验,分析当归产区熟地育苗的适宜播期和播种量。【方法】 采用二因素随机区组设计,设置不同播期和播种量当归熟地育苗试验,测定当归种苗形态指标及产量,移栽后统计成活率、早期抽薹率、植株特征,采挖后测定药材产量及阿魏酸含量。【结果】 不同播期和播种量育成当归种苗在大小、产量及移栽后成活率、早期抽薹率、形态指标、药材产量及阿魏酸含量方面均有差异。第1、2播期所产当归种苗单根重在0.45~0.63 g,符合生产要求。第2播期5 kg/667m²的播种量下药材产量比同播期7 kg/667m²的高76.26%,且早期抽薹率为0。【结论】 熟地育苗应在6月下旬进行,播种量控制在5~6 kg/667m²,苗龄控制在110 d,可获得符合生产要求的当归种苗。     

有机肥对酿酒葡萄土壤微生物、酶活性及产量的影响

为明确施用不同有机肥对土壤有机质、酶活性和微生物以及酿酒葡萄产量的影响,采用田间小区设计,以5 a生赤霞珠酿酒葡萄为试验材料,研究不同有机肥对土层0～20、20～40 cm和40～60 cm中土壤有机质、酶活性和微生物的影响。以不施用有机肥为对照(CK),设置沼渣(BR)、羊粪有机肥(SMOF)、牛粪有机肥(CMOF)、猪粪有机肥(PMOF)、牛粪+沼渣有机肥(CMOF+BR)5个处理进行大田试验。结果表明:不同有机肥施用后与CK相比,土壤有机质增加6.79%～44.97%,土壤微生物碳增加19.78%～91.53%,微生物氮增加2.22倍～3.93倍,碱性磷酸酶增加57.78%～512.55%,过氧化氢酶增加53.45%～240.48%,增产15.12%～46.89%。不同土层施用牛粪有机肥相对于其它有机肥处理土壤有机质含量增长8.49%～33.29%;土壤中微生物碳、氮的含量分别增加5.30%～42.46%和6.12%～49.65%;碱性磷酸酶增大8.01%～184.63%,过氧化氢酶增加5.14%～84.27%,脲酶提高25.58%～410.70%,蔗糖酶升高6.00%～107....     

Preliminary study of patients with chronic mountain sickness by GC-TOF-MS based serum metabolomics analysis

AIM: To evaluate specific metabolomics profiles in the serum of patients with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and to explore the potential metabolic biomarkers in the native Tibetans living on the Qinghai-Tibet Pla-teau.METHODS: A gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) approach as a metabolomics technique was used to evaluate metabolic differences. The native Tibetan CMS patients (n=10) and healthy Tibetan controls (n=10) were enrolled from YuShu in Qinghai province in this study. The serum samples were collected and analyzed by GC-TOF-MS coupled with a series of multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).RESULTS: The intergroup differences between CMS patients and control subjects have been observed. A list of differential metabolites and several top altered metabolic pathways have been identified. The levels of fumaric acid, an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and inosine were highly upregulated in the CMS patients, suggesting a greater effort to hypoxic adaptation in high elevation area. Other differential metabolites, such as methyl phosphate, 2-ketoadipate, lyxose and phytanic acid were also identified. Importantly, the differential metabolites possessed higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) values, indicating an excellent clinical ability for the prediction of CMS. Increased levels of amino acids (isoleucine, glycine, serine, L-cysteine, citrulline and trimethyllysine) were detected in CMS group, yet significantly decreased levels of sulfuric acid, oxamic acid, lyxose and glutamine were also detected in CMS group than those in control group. At the same time, the levels of ribose and glucose-1-phosphate were markedly elevated in CMS group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The metabolic activities are significantly altered in the serum of CMS patients. High altitude hypoxia may act on the disturbed glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism in part of the Tibetan triggered by CMS.     

鸭瘟病毒UL51基因在感染宿主细胞中的定位和转录特征

对鸭瘟病毒(DPV)UL51基因在感染宿主细胞内的定位和转录时相进行分析,为进一步研究该基因的特性和功能提供有用的试验数据和材料。构建pET32a-UL51原核表达载体,将其转化至E.coliBL21(DE3)中进行IPTG诱导表达后,用Ni2+-NTA琼脂糖凝胶柱层析法纯化该表达产物。以纯化的重组蛋白为抗原免疫兔子,制备兔抗UL51多克隆抗血清,通过间接免疫荧光和RT-PCR法检测该基因在DPV感染的鸭胚成纤维细胞(DEF)内的定位和转录情况。间接免疫荧光结果显示,最早可在感染后8h的胞浆中检测到特异性荧光点,24～36h有大量绿色荧光团块聚集于近核区域,之后随着细胞病变的增强,胞浆中的绿色荧光开始减弱,且在感染晚期的胞核中也出现了少量弥散的绿色荧光。RT-PCR结果显示,DPVU L51基因从感染后4h开始转录,其后转录量不断增大,从6～48h一直保持在较高水平,之后又降低。DPVU L51蛋白主要定位于感染的宿主细胞的胞浆中特别是近核区域,与其在α-疱疹病毒中的同源物的定位结果一致;并且与其他几种α-疱疹病毒的转录情况对比后,可认为该基因是一个晚期(γ类)基因。     

双季早稻品种机插对比试验

浙江省杭州市农业科学研究院自2010年起,围绕双季稻,把育种和栽培技术研究作为水稻研究的重点.其中早稻的引育和相关栽培技术研究取得较大进展,已引进筛选出多个适宜杭州市机插栽培、具高产潜力的双季早稻品种.     

Lipid metabolism is improved by L-carnitinein semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet

AIM: To investigate the effects of exogenous L-carnitine on lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet. METHODS: The semi-starved rats were restricted half in calorie intake on high fat diet for 2 week. L-carnitine was supplied at dose of 250 mg/kg·bw. The changes of plasma carnitine concentration, urinary excretion of ketone body, serum lipase activity, muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, triglyceride secretion and clearance rate were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that the concentration of plasma free carnitine increased significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to normal and semi-starved rats.The activities of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase and serum lipase were significantly enhanced in carnitine supplemented rats. The triglyceride secretion rate (TGSR) was also improved remarkably by carnitine supplementation. Meanwhile, the urinary excretion of ketone body was reduced significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to semi-starved rats. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that carnitine supplementation can significantly increase the plasma concentration of free carnitine and accelerate the lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet.     

小麦幼苗对镉和1,2,4-三氯苯污染的响应

应用双向凝胶电泳技术,结合含水率及膜脂过氧化物测定等方法,研究镉(Cd)和1,2,4-三氯苯(TCB)污染对扬麦13幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:Cd和TCB污染造成扬麦13幼苗含水率降低,导致膜脂过氧化。Cd和TCB污染对小麦叶片中的蛋白质组分也有较大影响:与对照相比,污染处理后的叶片蛋白组分中检测出12个TCB胁迫诱导蛋白和10个Cd胁迫诱导蛋白,其中有些蛋白是TCB特异性诱导蛋白,也有一些蛋白为Cd2+胁迫特异性诱导蛋白。这些诱导蛋白的产生可能是扬麦13对Cd或TCB污染的一种适应性响应。     

产苦马豆素疯草内生真菌Undifilum oxytropis原生质体的制备和再生

以产苦马豆素内生真菌Undifilum oxytropis NX-FEL001为供试菌株,研究了培养方式、菌龄、酶解时间和酶解温度等,对U.oxytropis原生质体制备和再生的影响。结果表明,U.oxytropis菌丝在质量分数为10g/L纤维素酶+10g/L蜗牛酶+1g/L溶壁酶组成的复合酶溶液,35℃恒温,80r/min振荡孵育3h左右,原生质体释放量最高;原生质体在YCM培养基上,22℃培养9d可以再生形成菌落,培养15d其再生率可达8.5%;原生质体在YCM培养基上再生后其菌落颜色与野生型U.oxytropis不一致,呈现白色;菌丝形态与野生型U.oxytropis相一致,经检测再生后菌丝仍然能够产生苦马豆素。U.oxytropis原生质体的制备,将为进行疯草内生真菌的遗传转化和基因操作研究提供重要工具,为进一步开展疯草内生真菌合成苦马豆素的分子调控机制奠定了基础。