农田尾菜发酵过程中农药残留变化特征

基于尾菜中存在农药残留的现状,以设施农业尾菜黄瓜秧为研究对象,采用气相色谱法和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测了尾菜黄瓜秧在静态好氧发酵过程中多菌灵、吡虫啉、哒螨灵等50种农药残留的动态变化,并分析发酵重要影响因子堆高对农药残留消解的影响。结果表明:在尾菜黄瓜秧中共检测出腐霉利、多菌灵、嘧菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、烯酰吗啉、虫螨腈、吡虫啉、啶虫脒和哒螨灵9种农药残留,其中多菌灵平均残留量最高,达11.2 mg/kg,其他8种农药平均残留量在0.042~0.89 mg/kg之间。在发酵的24 d中,不同堆高条件下9种农药的消解规律均符合一级反应动力学方程,但不同农药半衰期差异较大,其中吡虫啉的平均半衰期最长,为28.9 d,多菌灵的平均半衰期最短,为10.2 d;不同堆高处理中农药的消解速率也有差异,总体上在2.5 m堆高下各农药的消解率最高、半衰期最短。本研究结果可为尾菜发酵参数优化、农业废弃物的高效资源化利用以及研发基于尾菜发酵产物的有机蔬菜专用有机肥提供理论支撑。     

茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂脂代谢相关的滞育关联基因差异表达分析

本文对茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂滞育组与正常发育组进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因,根据功能注释发现这些滞育关联基因主要与碳水化合物代谢、脂质代谢以及信号转导等途径相关。借助KEGG数据库,共筛选出滞育期间401个与脂代谢相关的差异基因,在滞育期间呈现不同程度的上调表达,涉及了脂肪酸生物合成、甘油脂代谢、类固醇生物合成等代谢途径,除与脂质合成相关的脂肪酸合成酶、超长链脂肪酸延伸酶基因上调表达外,与脂质分解相关的酶,如酯酶同样上调表达,可能与提高茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂免疫力有关;与激素合成相关基因的上调表达,可能抑制茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂卵巢发育。     

高效氯氟氰菊酯对东亚小花蝽捕食功能反应的影响

为了研究高效氯氟氰菊酯对东亚小花蝽雌成虫捕食功能反应的影响,比较分析了LC₂₅、LC₅₀、LC₇₅高效氯氟氰菊酯胁迫3日龄东亚小花蝽雌成虫后,对大豆蚜捕食量、寻找效应、猎物密度效应、种内分摊竞争效应和功能反应等的影响。研究表明,对照组与LC₂₅、LC₅₀高效氯氟氰菊酯胁迫的东亚小花蝽成虫受猎物密度效应影响明显,而LC₇₅高效氯氟氰菊酯胁迫的东亚小花蝽成虫受猎物密度效应影响不明显;在药剂浓度为0 mg/L和140 mg/L时,捕食量达到的最大值和最小值分别为12.33和0.83头,寻找效应达到的最大值和最小值分别为0.96和0.10;受不同浓度药剂胁迫的东亚小花蝽成虫对大豆蚜的捕食能力和寻找效应均随着药剂浓度的增加而下降;捕食量随大豆蚜虫口密度增加而增多,种内竞争分摊强度随小花蝽数量增加而增强,平均捕食量降低;在LC₅₀高效氯氟氰菊酯胁迫下,东亚小花蝽成虫捕食作用率方程为E=0.1255P^-0.2956,分摊竞争强度方程为I=0.5401logP^-0.0033。     

丽草蛉滞育预蛹的重要生化物质变化分析

丽草蛉是多种农林害虫的重要捕食性天敌昆虫,能以预蛹进行兼性滞育越冬,该属性对延长丽草蛉的产品货架期、增加产品储备量及促进产品运输具有重要意义。本研究分别测定了丽草蛉非滞育预蛹（1日龄）和滞育预蛹（1日龄、7日龄）体内的总蛋白质、脂类、糖类及醇类等主要生化物质的含量,以及脂肪酶、海藻糖酶、抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶）等关键酶的活性变化,比较了非滞育和滞育丽草蛉预蛹体内重要生化物质的差异。结果表明：滞育和非滞育丽草蛉的生理生化特征显著不同,滞育预蛹显著积累蛋白质、脂类、甘油三酯、糖原等能源物质以及甘油、海藻糖等低温保护物质,并且滞育个体的抗氧化防御能力显著增强,这些生理生化变化有助于提高丽草蛉的抗逆性,满足滞育维持期及滞育解除后恢复发育的能量需求,保证滞育个体的发育和存活。结果为解析丽草蛉滞育的生理机制奠定了基础。     

黑龙江省水稻产业现状分析及未来发展思路

对黑龙江省水稻产业发展现状进行了小结,并针对黑龙江省水稻生产过程中存在问题提出了相应的对策。具体对策如下:有针对性的选育适于不同生态区域的优质、抗逆水稻新品种,并对新品种的轻简高效配套栽培技术进行研究;适时开展水稻直播关键技术集成与应用,及开展秸秆还田技术研究;开展稻米精加工技术研究。     

基于多核支持向量机的小麦条锈病遥感监测研究

为提高小麦条锈病的遥感探测精度,依据日光诱导叶绿素荧光和冠层反射光谱数据在小麦条锈病遥感探测中的优势及其与病情严重度之间的映射关系,在运用独立分量分析法对光谱数据降维的基础上,利用核学习算法分别确定冠层光谱特征和日光诱导叶绿素荧光特征反映小麦条锈病病情严重度的最优核,同时针对冠层光谱与叶绿素荧光特征组,建立基于不同特征最优核映射的多核学习支持向量机模型,并与基于特征直接拼接的模型结果进行对比。结果表明,对于冠层光谱而言,采用高斯核构建的支持向量机模型可较好估测小麦条锈病病情指数,而日光诱导叶绿素荧光指数则是采用多项式核的效果更优;采用直接拼接法融合叶绿素荧光指数和冠层光谱特征能够在一定程度上改善小麦条锈病病情指数估测精度,决定系数(r~2)最高为0.847,而单独利用冠层光谱信息或者叶绿素荧光信息时,r~2最高仅为0.802;对日光诱导叶绿素荧光和反射光谱特征分别利用其最优核进行映射构建的多核学习支持向量机模型精度最高,r~2为0.915,RMSE为0.090,优于基于特征直接拼接构建的支持向量机模型精度。     

吉林省西部地区滴灌条件下宜机械粒收玉米品种筛选

确定宜机械粒收的玉米品种是构建吉林省西部旱作补灌区玉米丰产增效技术模式的重要内容之一。2018年和2019年在吉林省西部地区开展滴灌条件下宜机械粒收玉米品种的筛选试验,测定38个玉米品种的收获子粒含水率和产量,并按玉米子粒含水率和产量水平采用双向平均法作图进行品种分类。结果表明,本研究初步筛选出5个滴灌条件下宜机械粒收玉米品种,分别是迪卡159、福莱77,稷秾108、吉农大889和优迪919。根据品种综合性状分析,吉农大889较优,其次为迪卡159,可以作为适宜吉林省西部滴灌条件下丰产高效栽培的推荐品种。     

Effect of Linc00152 targeting miR-376c-3p on viability,apoptosis and radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of Linc00152 on the viability, apoptosis and radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells. METHODS: RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of Linc00152 and microRNA-376c-3p(miR-376c-3p) in human cervical cancer HeLa cells and SiHa cells, and normal cervical Ect1/E6E7 cells. The cervical cancer HeLa cells with low Linc00152 expression or miR-376c-3p over-expression were established. MTT assay, flow cytometry, colony formation assay and Western blot were used to determine the cell viability, apoptosis, radiosensitivity and related protein expression. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the regulatory relationship between Linc00152 and miR-376c-3p in the HeLa cells. RESULTS: Compared with the Ect1/E6E7 cells, Linc00152 was up-regulated in the HeLa cells and SiHa cells, and miR-376c-3p was down-regulated (P < 0.05). Low expression of Linc00152 or over-expression of miR-376c-3p inhibited the viability of HeLa cells, induced apoptosis, enhanced the radiosensitivity, inhibited the protein expression of cyclin D and Bcl-2, and promoted the protein expression of P21 and Bax (P < 0.05). Linc00152 negatively regulated miR-376c-3p expression in the HeLa cells, and inhibition of miR-376c-3p expression reversed the effect of low expression of Linc00152 on HeLa cell viability, apoptosis and radiosensitivity. CONCLUSION: Linc00152 is highly expressed in the cervical cancer cells. Linc00152 affects the viability, apoptosis and radiosensitivity of HeLa cells by targeting miR-376c-3p, which is a potential diagnosis and treatment target for cervical cancer.     

Progress in relationship between epithelial sodium channel and related respiratory diseases

Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is an ion channel widely distributed in various tissues and organs of human. It is composed of 3 homologous subunits and allows the flow of sodium ion across epithelial cells, maintain?ing water-salt balance in the cells. Recent studies show that abnormal expression or dysfunction of ENaC in the respiratory system affects water-salt balance, fluid transportation and cell mobility, and causes abnormal changes of the airway surface liquid level and impaired clearance. ENaC is closely related to the development of respiratory diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This article reviews the progress in ENaC structure, function and roles in related respiratory diseases in order to provide a reference for the treatment of the diseases.     

Resveratrol protects cortical neurons in infant rats with bacterial meningitis through miR-223-3p/NLRP3 pathway

AIM To investigate the protective effect of resveratrol (Res) on cortical neurons in rat bacterial meningitis (BM) model. METHODS Group B hemolytic Streptococcus was injected via the posterior cistern to establish a BM model. Resveratrol was administered intranasally and microRNA-223-3p (miR-223-3p) antagomir was administered by intracerebroventricular injection. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the brain tissue. Loeffler scoring method was used to evaluate the neurobehavioral functions. TUNEL staining was used to detect neuronal apoptosis. The expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The protein levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were determined by Western blot. The expression level of miR-223-3p was detected by RT-qPCR. Online software TargetScan was used to search for the complementary nucleotide sequences between miR-223-3p and NLRP3 mRNA. RESULTS Compared with sham group, the thickness of meninges in BM model was increased, the neurological score was decreased (P<0.05), and the number of TUNEL positive neurons was increased significantly (P<0.05). Astrocytes and microglia were activated, the fluorescence intensity of IL-1β and IL-18 was increased (P<0.05), and the expression levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and miR-223-3p were increased (P<0.05). Compared with BM group, after treatment with resveratrol, the neurological score was increased (P<0.05), the number of TUNEL positive neurons was decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the inflammatory response of astrocytes and microglia was suppressed. The fluorescence intensity of IL-1β and IL-18 was decreased (P<0.05), the protein levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were decreased (P<0.05), and the expression level of miR-223-3p was increased (P<0.05). A nucleotide sequence in the 3'-UTR of NLRP3 mRNA might be targeted by miR-223-3p. In the brain of rat BM model, compared with antagomir control group, the expression of NLRP3 was increased in miR-223-3p antagomir group with resveratrol treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Resveratrol may reduce the inflammatory death of cortical neurons in BM model of infant rats through miR-223-3p/NLRP3 pathway, thus playing a protective role for the neurons.