工厂化循环水养殖条件下云纹石斑鱼消化道产酶菌的分离鉴定

采用16S r DNA-PCR菌群分离鉴定的方法,对循环水养殖条件下云纹石斑鱼(Epinehelus moara)幼鱼的胃、幽门盲囊、前肠、中肠和后肠的菌群结构进行了鉴定,用产酶菌筛选培养法对产消化酶的菌株进行了分离鉴定,并测试了各菌株消化酶的活力。研究发现,云纹石斑鱼幼鱼消化道内可培养的主要菌群为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)和葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus),其中产消化酶的菌株占可培养菌的55.6%。在产酶菌中,同一株菌产3种酶的有5株;产2种酶的有9株;中肠和后肠的菌株数最为丰富,胃次之,幽门盲囊和前肠菌群种类较少;产脂肪酶的菌株都集中在中肠。产消化酶的菌株主要以产蛋白酶和淀粉酶为主,且产酶量丰富,产蛋白酶活力最高达(87.732±1.134)U/m L;淀粉酶活力为(77.176±0.599)~(73.458±0.574)U/m L;产纤维素酶的菌仅一株,且酶活力较低。分析得知,消化道的菌群结构直接影响了外源性消化酶的种类与活性。本研究为工厂化循环水养殖条件下产酶有益菌的筛选提供了理论依据。     

狐和貉源大肠埃希菌药敏试验及耐药基因检测

为了解秦皇岛昌黎县狐和貉源致病性大肠埃希菌耐药性及耐药基因的情况,以昌黎县分离的15株狐和貉源致病性大肠埃希菌为试验菌株,采用药敏纸片法对抗菌药物进行药敏试验,并对四环素类耐药基因tetA、tetB、tetC、tetD,氨基糖苷类耐药基因strA-strB、aadA1,磺胺类耐药基因sul1、sul2、sul3进行PCR检测。结果显示,15株大肠埃希菌分离菌株对土霉素、多西环素、头孢拉定、新霉素、青霉素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶的耐药率均为100%;对阿莫西林、庆大霉素、头孢曲松、阿米卡星、大观霉素、链霉素、复方新诺明、氨苄西林、环丙沙星耐药率分别为93.33%、53.33%、33.33%、73.33%、86.66%、86.66%、86.66%、66.67%和66.67%。9种耐药基因tetA、tetB、tetC、tetD、strA-strB、aadA1、sul1、sul2、sul3的检出率分别为0、46.67%、26.67%、13.33%、40%、100%、53.33%、46.67%和53.33%,其中四环素类耐药基因以tetB的检出率最高,氨基糖苷类耐药基因以aadA1的检出率最高,磺胺类耐药基因的检出率相差不大。说明15株狐和貉源大肠埃希菌耐药谱广,耐药性高,耐药基因流行普遍。     

Study on Developmental Expression of ApoCⅡ Gene mRNA in Liver Tissues of Pigs

The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental patterns of ApoCⅡ gene mRNA in liver in Mashen and Large White pigs, and study the relationship between the expression level of ApoCⅡ and the lipid metabolism in pigs.The mRNA relative expressions of ApoCⅡ gene in liver at seven stages of 1,30,60,90,120,150,and 180-day old in Mashen and Large White pigs were determined by quantitative Real-time PCR.The results showed that the developmental trend of ApoCⅡ mRNA expression in liver between Mashen and Large White pigs was different.The ApoCⅡ mRNA abundance was decreased from birth to 60-day old,then increased at 90-day old,and decreased again after that in Mashen pig.However,the relative expression amount in Large White pig was gradually decreased from birth to 150-day old and increased again at 180-day old.Except for the ApoCⅡ mRNA expression amount at 1-day old,the differences of the expression amount at other stages in Mashen and Large White pigs were significant or extremely significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The ApoCⅡ mRNA expression in liver was affected by age and breed,and could play an important role in lipid metabolism in pigs.     

Locomotion Score and Its Impacts on Production Performance and Blood Routine Indexes in Chinese Holstein

To investigate the influencing factors of locomotion score (LS) and its impacts on production performance and blood routine index in Holstein,body condition score (BCS),LS and DHI (dairy herd improvement) of 1 486 lactating cows from two dairy farms,and the blood routine indexes of 101 lactating cows from one farm in Beijing were measured.The fixed model was used to analyze the impacts of herd,parity and lactation stage on LS,and the impacts of LS and BCS on daily milk yield,somatic cell score,milk composition and blood routine indexes in dairy cows.The results showed that both parity and lactation stage had significant impacts on LS.The LS increased with the increase of parit,the LS increased by 0.71 from first lactation to fifth and above lactation.The LS of cow in lactation stage Ⅲ(100-199 d) and Ⅵ (after 350 d) were significantly higher than cow in stage Ⅱ (45-99 d)(P<0.05),and both were higher than 2.The LS had no significant impacts on daily milk yield,milk composition and somatic cell score (P>0.05).However,the milk yield of the cow with LS≥4 was the lowest,and a decrease of 2.29 kg was found compared with the cow with LS=1.Among the various blood routine indexes,LS had significant impacts on red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count (P<0.05),and had no significant impacts on white blood cell count (P>0.05).With the increase of LS,the red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count of cows decreased with different extents.There were some problems on the body immunity and hematopoiesis of cows with poor LS.In dairy farm,regular evaluation of LS could be used to find the management problems of feet and legs,which had a great significance to reduce the loss of production performance and early culling caused by hoof disease.     

草坪生态系统中碳汇与碳源的研究进展

本文综述了国内外关于草坪生态系统中碳汇与碳源的相关研究以及各种自然环境因子和人为管理措施对草坪生态系统中碳汇与碳源影响的研究进展,并指出目前研究存在的问题和需要改进的方面,从而为今后的相关研究提供参考。     

基于博弈论的农户土地利用行为研究——以陕西省米脂县孟岔村为例

以米脂县孟岔村为研究对象,通过设计农户问卷,将研究区农户划分为种粮农户、打工农户、种果农户、种粮兼顾打工农户等四大类,并利用GIS、GPS技术将土地利用的空间信息和农户微观主体的社会经济行为与特征联系起来.随后使用完全信息静态博弈,建立了不同类型农户的两两博弈关系模型,通过模型分析得出: (1) 农户以自身利益最大化为决策目标,并考虑了其他农户的决策行为对其产生的影响,孟岔村最终形成了"少数农户承包旱地经营果园,部分农户承包水浇地,部分农户完全脱离土地外出打工,大部分农户农忙时种粮和农闲时打工"的土地利用和家庭经营模式;(2) 上述土地利用模式使研究区域土壤侵蚀量有了明显的降低并有效地增加了农户的收入.     

白羊草根系形态特征对土壤水分阶段变化的响应

根系形态特征是评价植物适应胁迫环境的重要指标。以黄土丘陵半干旱区天然草地群落优势种白羊草为材料,研究了其根系生长和形态特征与水分供应条件的关系。采用盆栽控制试验,设置3个水分处理:高水(HW,80%田间持水量)、中水(MW,60%田间持水量)和低水(LW,40%田间持水量),分别在拔节期、开花期、结实期改善水分供应水平,在生育期末测定了白羊草根系生物量和各项形态指标。结果表明:白羊草根系生长与水分供应条件密切相关,持续高水处理有利于白羊草根系生长,其根系生物量、总根长和根表面积均显著提高(P<0.05);水分胁迫抑制了白羊草根系生长,但对白羊草根系平均直径影响不显著;根系生物量、总根长和根表面积间存在显著的正相关关系(P<0.01);不同生育期阶段胁迫后复水,白羊草根系表现出较强的可塑性,在拔节期复水且高的复水幅度能够显著提高白羊草根系生物量、总根长和根表面积(P<0.05)。这些说明白羊草根系对干旱胁迫有较强的耐受能力,其对阶段干旱胁迫后复水的响应与生育期及复水前干旱胁迫程度密切相关。     

Effects of astragaloside on the levels of sex hormone and oxidative stress injury in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome

AIM To investigate the effects of astragaloside on the levels of sex hormone and oxidative stress in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. METHODS Female SD rats （n=60） were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, Diane-35 （0.339 2 mg/kg） group, low dose astragaloside （12.5 mg/kg） group and high dose astragaloside （50 mg/kg） group, with 12 rats in each group. The PCOS model was induced by letrozole （1 mg/kg）, which was administered by gavage once a day for 3 weeks. After administration, the estrus cycle of the rats was observed by vaginal smear, and the ovarian index was calculated. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the ovaries. Serum levels of the sex hormones testosterone （T）, estradiol （E₂）, luteinizing hormone （LH） and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） were measured by ELISA. The levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in serum and ovarian tissue were detected by colorimetry, and the protein levels of steroidogenetic acute regulatory protein （StAR） and apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in ovarian tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULT Compared with control group, the oestrous cycle of the rats in model group was disorder, and the ovarian index was increased, ovary was polycystic. The serum levels of T, LH and MDAwere significantly increased （P<0.05）, while the contents of E2, FSH and the activities of GSH-Px and SOD were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The levels of MDA, StAR, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins in ovarian tissue were significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. GSH-Px and SOD activities and Bcl-2 protein levels were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Astragalosideeffectively balances the levels of sex hormone in PCOS rats and relieves the oxidative stress injury, the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of StAR expression.     

旱作春小麦品种高产抗旱特性的综合评价

对引进的旱作春小麦品种（系）做小区试验，初步筛选出C160和8275两个抗旱性强产量高的品种（系）。其叶面积变化表现为峰值出现早、大小适中，后期能保持较高叶面积。通过生理指标测定，在干旱条件下，这两个品种（系）均表现为叶绿素高、叶片相对含水量多、脯胺酸积累增加、叶水势加大、细胞膜的相对透性减少等特征，是较抗旱的表现，运用模糊综合评判法将各种的产量、与产量相关的性状和生理指标结合在一起进行综合评价，对品种优劣进行排序，其顺序为：C160，8275，8139，8624，8338，定西35，C4，昌春3号，会宁17。     

鱼腥草白绢病的发生与防治

鱼腥草属药食两用植物,具有清热解毒、健胃消食、利尿通淋、增强机体免疫力等功效。鱼腥草是桂林市农民增收的重要经济作物之一。近年来,由于连年种植,导致鱼腥草白绢病发生严重,已经成为阻碍鱼腥草生产的一大因素。本文总结了鱼腥草白绢病的发病条件和规律,提出了鱼腥草白绢病的防治方法,即避免连作、科学选地、选种及种茎消毒、合理施肥、加强管理等,以期减少白绢病造成的损失,科学有效地防控白绢病的发生。