不同饲草料组合配方养殖奶水牛的效益分析

[目的]针对奶水牛饲草料不足及营养缺乏的现状,开展了不同饲草料组合配方对奶水牛产奶量及养殖效益的研究。[方法]试验设3个不同的饲草料配方处理组,每处理组供试摩杂奶水牛10头,试验正试期100 d,对正试期内的投入及产出进行了养殖效益分析。[结果]紫花苜蓿配方组（紫花苜蓿鲜草15 kg/头＋混合精料2 kg/头＋稻草2 ...     

转基因动物制作技术及其基因载体研究进展

论文概述了家畜转基因动物的制作方法,初步分析了用于转基因技术的基因载体种类,深入探讨了不同载体的优缺点,并展望了基因载体的发展趋势.     

Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

科技扶贫种桑养蚕新技术下乡活动在阳山县举行

2002年1月30日广东省丝绸(集团)公司、广东省扶贫开发领导小组办公室在阳山县文化中心广场联合举办了《科技扶贫种桑养蚕新技术》下乡活动。承办这次活动的是广东省蚕业集团有限公司,同时阳山县委县政府、阳山县丝绸公司和阳山     

鸡源耐安普霉素大肠杆菌耐药表型研究

进行了安普霉素耐药大肠杆菌耐药表型的研究.采用常规方法和生化鉴定管对有过安普霉素用药史的鸡场分离的鸡源病原性大肠杆菌进行鉴定,并用试管二倍稀释法测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC),筛选出鸡源安普霉素耐药大肠杆菌;采用药敏纸片法研究了这些耐药菌对安普霉素等14种抗菌药物的敏感性.共筛选出7株对安普霉素耐药的鸡源性大肠杆菌,这些耐药菌株全部对安普霉素、妥布霉素、奈啶酸、多西环素和阿莫西林耐药;大部分对庆大霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素、壮观霉素也呈现耐药.对新霉素的耐药较低,对阿米卡星高度敏感.部分交叉耐药现象的存在揭示对安普霉素等氨基糖苷类药物产生耐药性的菌株,其他抗生素也可能对它们失去疗效.     

饲用墨西哥玉米生长特性及其营养成分含量的研究

随着养殖业畜群结构的调整,农区草食动物饲养量的增加,种植优质、高效牧草是当前人们所迫切需要的.试验就饲用墨西哥玉米Euchlaena mexicana的生长特性及其营养成分含量进行研究,结果表明:饲用墨西哥玉米适宜在冀东农区种植,该作物具有较强的分蘖性能,适于多次刈割,每茬次刈割鲜草质量400～700 g/株,随着刈割茬次的增加,草产量大幅度增加,可采食的优质草量增多,纤维化程度大大下降,可消化养分量增加,种草的效益随刈割茬次显著的上升.墨西哥玉米干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙、磷和胡萝卜素的含量都优于其他禾本科牧草.刈割茬次间各种营养成分差异不大,非常适合青饲,经饲喂的各种草食动物,适口性好,采食率高.     

饲粮铜和维生素A及其互作效应对肉仔鸡生长性能及抗氧化功能的影响

本研究旨在探讨铜和维生素A及其互作效应对内仔鸡生长性能及抗氧化功能的影响.试验选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡448只,随机分为8组,每组4个重复,每个重复14只鸡.采用4×2(铜×维生素A)完全随机设计,饲粮铜的添加量分别为0、8、150、225 mg/kg,维生素A的添加量分别为1 500、5 000 IU/kg,分为2个生长阶段,前期为1～4周龄,后期为5～7周龄.结果表明:1)高铜( 150、225mg/kg)抑制了全期肉仔鸡生长性能,提高了全期血清铜蓝蛋白(Cp)和后期血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P＜0.05).2)5 000 IU/kg维生素A组获得较好的生长性能,提高了全期血清T-SOD活性,降低了前期血清Cp活性(P＜0.05).3)铜和维生素A互作效应对前期体增重、血清Cp和T-SOD活性及全期料重比有显著影响(P＜0.05),且二者间存在互补作用.铜(8 mg/kg)×维生素A(5 000 IU/kg)组与铜(0 mg/kg)×维生素A(5 000 IU/kg)组对前期肉仔鸡获得良好生长性能和提高血清T-SOD活性均有促进作用,但对血清Cp活性有显著降低作用(P＜0.05).由此可见,在基础饲粮铜水平为16～23mg/kg时,铜的适宜添加量为前期8 mg/kg,后期0～8 mg/kg;全期维生素A的适宜添加量为5 000 IU/kg.     

奶牛的有机锌应用效果研究进展

就有机锌对奶牛的营养作用效果、影响有机锌作用效果的因素进行综述。认为添加有机锌可提高奶牛的产奶性能、免疫机能、繁殖性能,改善体健康。同时影响有机锌作用效果的因素有:有机锌的产品质量、添加量和添加时期、饲料营养水平、参照物类型和评价指标等。     

干旱对草坪草的影响

综述了干旱条件下草坪草的生态适应性,细胞膜、细胞壁、叶绿体超微结构的变化,草坪草对干旱胁迫的生理生化反应,以及提高草坪抗旱性的途径。     

我国牦牛种群资源及其绒毛纤维特性的研究状况

为了充分利用我国牦牛资源,对我国牦牛分布状况,生产状况,牦牛绒纤维特性及应用状况进行了具体介绍与分析。