屠宰前禁食对肉猪的影响

作者探讨生长猪屠宰前禁食对肉猪潜在的影响。被禁食的猪活体体重及其屠宰胴体重量均有所减少,也可能引发胃溃疡。屠宰前中止饲喂,对肉食品安全是有益的,能够改善肉质终点pH、持水力和肉色;降低肉质肌糖原含量。生长猪的基因型、抗应激性能和动物所处的环境,均能够影响肉猪生产性能。     

Effect of Psammaplin A on in vitro Development of Bovine Aging Oocytes

To investigate the effect of histone deacetylation inhibitor Psammaplin A (PsA) on the development of bovine aging oocytes in vitro,oocytes were randomly divided into control group,aging group and 50 mmol/L PsA treated aging group (PsA group).Immunofluorescence staining and JC-1 were used to detect the blastocyst rate of bovine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation,the number of cells in blastocysts,apoptosis,reactive oxygen species (ROS),glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of embryos.The results showed that the blastocyst rate of the aging group was significantly lower than that of PsA and control groups (P<0.05).The blastocyst rate of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of control group and PsA group were significantly higher than that of aging group (P<0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The apoptosis rate in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05),the apoptosis rate of PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The GSH level of MⅡ oocytes in aging group was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in GSH level between control and PsA groups (P>0.05).The ROS level of the embryos in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The ROS level in PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential of early embryos of aging group 4-8 cells was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of control group was significantly higher than that of PsA group (P<0.05).In summary,PsA could effectively delay the aging of bovine oocytes and improve the quality of oocytes.     

饲粮能量浓度对生茸期梅花鹿瘤胃消化代谢的影响

选用 4头装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花鹿 ,用 3种含有不同能量浓度的精料补充料日粮 ,按 4× 3拉丁方试验设计 ,对瘤胃内 pH值、氨态氮 (NH3 N)、三氯醋酸沉淀蛋白 (TCA P)和总挥发性脂肪酸 (TVFA)浓度进行了测定 ,并研究了其动态变化规律以及VFA组分百分率。试验结果表明 ,日粮能量浓度对瘤胃内 pH值、NH3 N浓度、TVFA浓度没有显著的影响(P >0 0 5) ;而对玉米青贮采食量及TCA P浓度影响显著 (P <0 0 1 ) ,随着日粮能量浓度的提高 ,瘤胃内TCA P浓度也极显著的提高 (P <0 0 1 )。试验结果还指出 ,瘤胃内主要代谢参数均受进食的显著影响 ,在采食前后不同时间点均呈现一定的动态变化规律     

硫酸新霉素可溶性粉在靶动物猪的安全性研究

为了客观评价硫酸新霉素可溶性粉对靶动物猪临床应用的安全性,将32头仔猪随机分为4组,每组8头,分别设1倍、3倍、5倍临床推荐剂量组和空白对照组,连续混饮硫酸新霉素可溶性粉15 d,通过检测各组受试猪的临床表现、血液常规指标、血清生化指标、尿液常规指标及病理学变化等评价其临床用药的安全性。结果:硫酸新霉素可溶性粉以5倍临床推荐剂量内应用于靶动物猪后,对其临床症状、体重、血常规、血生化及尿常规等指标没有显著影响,解剖学及病理组织学检查也未见任何病理变化,说明硫酸新霉素可溶性粉以1倍、3倍、5倍临床推荐剂量应用于靶动物猪是安全的。     

Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in hemolymph from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

Feng, Q., Wu, G. H., Liang, T. M., Ji, H. Y., Jiang, X. J., Gu, W., Wang, W. Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in hemolymph from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 34 , 51–57. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hemolymph kinetics and depuration time of oxytetracycline following intramuscular administration at doses of 2, 8 and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The concentration of OTC in hemolymph was assayed using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. The elimination half‐life of the terminal part of the elimination phase (t_1/2β) ranged from 87.9 to 114.3 h. The total body clearance (CL_b) was 0.0430 L/kg/h at the lower dose, 0.0123 L/kg/h at the medium dose and 0.0013 L/kg/h at the higher dose. The apparent volume of the central compartment (V_c) was found to be 1.383, 0.699 and 0.143 L/kg respectively. The depuration time for each dose was 13.6, 29.6 and 57.6 days, respectively. Results from the present study suggest that the 40 mg/kg dose might have the best therapeutic efficacy following intramuscular administration.     

副猪嗜血杆菌黏附基因的表达和免疫原性鉴定

为获得副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)黏附素基因的表达产物并对其进行免疫原性鉴定,本研究采用PCR技术扩增了HPS黏附素基因序列,将扩增产物与表达载体pET-32a(+)连接,得到表达重组质粒。通过EcoRⅤ和HindⅢ双酶切鉴定和测序确认正确后,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行表达。经SDS-PAGE电泳分析,获得了59.5ku的表达产物,与预期大小的黏附素蛋白分子量一致。经western blot检测,表达产物与HPS阳性血清反应,证明表达产物具有一定的免疫活性。提示本研究所表达的蛋白将有助于HPS的血清学诊断和疫苗的研发。     

核桃酸奶加工工艺研究

以牛奶为主要原料,添加适量的核桃碎等辅料,利用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌作为发酵剂,确定对核桃发酵乳的制作工艺条件。通过单因素试验和L9（34）正交试验确定最佳核桃酸奶生产工艺流程及工艺参数为：100mL牛奶和10g/100mL白砂糖→灭菌（63℃,30min）→接入5g/100mL发酵剂→35℃恒温发酵12h→加入5g核桃碎→后发酵24h（5～7℃）。利用此工艺制备的核桃酸奶风味独特、营养价值较高,在0～6℃时的货架期可达10d左右。     

干旱胁迫条件下不同饲用燕麦品种种子萌发指标比较与评价

本研究采用PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫条件,比较研究了26份饲草型燕麦(Avena sativa L.)种子的萌发特征,利用主成分分析法和隶属函数法进行了综合评价,为抗旱燕麦品种选育提供实验参考。结果表明,与CK相比,15% PEG浓度下,所有材料的发芽率、发芽势、芽长、根长、种子活力指数等指标均显著下降,不同品种之间差异显著。经主成分分析法筛选,发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数为燕麦种质耐旱性评价的主效指标。通过综合评价,'荟峰’、'三星’、'喜韵’为强抗旱品种;'梦龙’、'大富翁’为中等抗旱品种;'甜燕2号’、'挑战者’、'白燕7号’、'甜燕麦青海’、'甜燕70’、'牧乐思’、'进口甜燕’、'禾王’、'当地燕麦’、'莫尼卡’、'巴燕3号’、'燕麦克劳沃’、'甜燕麦’、'摄政王’、'青海444’为弱抗旱品种;'青牧’、'福燕1号’、'喜越’、'青甜1号’、'甜燕1号’、'shooter’为不抗旱品种。     

异丙酚麻醉对犬机体抗氧化功能的影响

应用5%葡萄糖注射液稀释,稀释度1:5(2 g/L),犬异丙酚(4.25±0.5)mg/kg单次注射,麻醉维持剂量为0.4 mg/kg/分钟静脉输注,维持时闻为60 min.于麻醉前和麻醉后5、15、45、75、120 min分别采血离心,测定血清中丙二醛、一氧化氮、活性氧自由基、总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH).结果表明异丙酚麻醉对犬机体抗氧化能力具有保护作用.     

香根草根际AM菌的感染特性

通过对不同种植时间、不同种植基质的香根草Vetiveria zizanioides分株苗、组培苗根际丛枝菌根(AM菌)感染检测,探讨了香根草对AM菌的感染特性.结果表明,在消过毒的森林泥炭土中,组培苗种植12个月感染率只有20.0%,感染强度低;种植22个月只有53.3%,感染强度为中.分株苗种植在自然土壤中,3个月就有AM菌感染,其感染率为56.7%;种植22个月感染率达到最高峰,为80.0%,感染强度为中等;种植时间为33个月时,感染率不再增加,但感染强度进一步增高.说明香根草根际AM菌的感染率和感染强度可能与苗源无关,而与种植基质密切相关.