Clinical, humoral and IFNgamma responses of cattle to infection with Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides small colony and attempts to condition the pathogenesis of the infection

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides small colony (MmmSC), is one of the most important diseases of cattle in Africa. The role of innate or acquired cell mediated and humoral immunity in conferring protection against MmmSC infection has not yet been elucidated. On the other hand, the pathological lesions caused by the aetiological agent have been considered indicative of an immunopathological process. In this study ten na?ve cattle were exposed to in-contact infection with animals infected by intubation with a strain of MmmSC. Clinical signs, antibody response, IFNgamma release and pathological changes at necropsy were analysed and compared with the events following in-contact infection of an equal number of animals kept under daily treatment with cyclosporine for the entire observation period of 84 days. Cyclosporine is a suppressor of the immune response related to the T-cell system. Under the conditions of the experiment, cyclosporine appeared to condition the pathogenesis of CBPP by delaying the events that follow infection, bringing further support to the possibility that the immune response may have an impact on the disease outcome.     

利用间歇灌溉减少滴头堵塞问题

<正> 一、引言 滴灌是一种通过置于作物附近的小滴头对作物进行少量而频繁供水的一种方法。与常用的喷灌和漫灌相比,滴灌具有许多优点,如它可以大大地提高水的利用率,在滨海地区可用咸水对作物进行成功的灌溉。然而,滴灌系统有一个主要缺点,就是由于灌溉水中有机物残渣的积累而导致滴头堵塞。     

滴灌系统中的生物堵塞

<正> 淹没在水面下,几乎所有的水生值物流都出现生物膜(Characklis,1986)Gilbert等(1987)提出,先形成生物膜,后结成大的生物污垢,生物膜发展的基本阶段是: 1.细菌细胞的附着物。 2.附着细胞的连续生长和伴随着胞外物质的生成,导致微小群体生长的结合。     

柴油机最佳工作点的确定

柴油机最佳工作点的确定孙启嘉译段瑞东校（黑龙江省农业机械试验鉴定站）１引言１９８８年Ｗａｎｇ和Ｚｏｅｒｂ研制出一种农用拖拉机驾驶员的信息系统．这种微机系统给拖拉机驾驶员提供最佳变速档和发动机转速（或油门位置）．确定发动机最佳工作点要做发动机试验。确定...     

连作制下的土表下滴灌系统

在使用滴灌系统的农场,通常是在每一茬之后将毛管收走或在收获时毁掉。这样花费高,而且塑米废物的堆积也不利于作物生长。本文作者在美国建立了两个实验农场,探讨连作制下怎样连续使用土表下滴灌系统。研究结果表明:只要采取适当措     

颗粒粒径配比调控泥炭育苗基质性能及育苗效果

【目的】探明颗粒粒径对泥炭育苗基质孔隙特性和育苗效果的调控机制,筛选适宜于黄瓜和番茄育苗的最佳颗粒粒径配比。【方法】以泥炭作为原料,配置不同颗粒粒径(D_5-8、D_2-5、D_0.5-2和D_<0.5,mm)的组合处理和养分添加措施,测定基质性能和育苗效果。【结果】泥炭颗粒粒径配比对育苗基质孔隙特性和育苗效果具有显著的调控作用,其中D_<0.5 mm的比例对基质通气和持水性能起主要调控作用。颗粒粒径配比和养分添加比对黄瓜和番茄主要育苗指标具有显著影响(P<0.05)。根据主成分和因子分析的综合评价可知,当泥炭颗粒粒径体积比D_5-8∶D_2-5∶D_0.5-2∶D_<0.5分别为20∶30∶30∶20和20∶30∶20∶30时,具有较优的黄瓜和番茄育苗效果。【结论】人为调控颗粒配比可以调整泥炭育苗基质的孔隙特性,而适量添加养分在一定程度上缓解颗粒粒径配比不当的不利影响。这为认识颗粒粒...     

Chemical and sensory quantification of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from recirculated aquacultures in relation to concentrations in basin water

Globally, aquaculture systems with water recirculation experience increasing problems with microbial taste and odor compounds (TOCs) such as geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB). This study investigated the content of geosmin and MIB in water and the flesh of 200 rainbow trouts from eight recirculated aquaculture systems in Denmark. TOC content in the fish flesh was measured by a dynamic headspace extraction method and was evaluated by a sensory panel. The results showed significant correlations between TOC content in water and fish and between chemical analysis and sensory perception. When geosmin exceeded 20 ng/L in the water, 96% of the fish had an intense muddy flavor, but below 10 ng geosmin/L, 18% of the fish (only 3% in special depuration ponds) had an intense muddy flavor. The results indicate that TOC levels <10 ng/L will ensure that a negligible portion of the fish obtains an unpalatable taste and flavor due to TOCs.     

Screening of danofloxacin residue in bovine tissue by terbium-sensitized luminescence on c18 sorbent strips

Danofloxacin (DANO) residue in bovine muscle was screened at 200 ng/g by terbium-sensitized luminescence (TSL) directly measured on 10 × 6 mm C18 sorbent strips. The analyte was first adsorbed on sorbent surface by immersion in defatted homogenates. After reagent application and desiccation, TSL was directly measured on sorbent surfaces at λ(ex) = 273 nm and λ(em) = 546 nm. The luminescence intensity was linearly dependent on DANO concentration in the 0-1000 ng/g range (R(2) = 0.9967). A threshold was established at x(200) - 3σ(200), where x(200) and σ(200) are the mean and standard deviation, respectively, of the DANO signals at 200 ng/g. Among 48 blind samples randomly fortified at 0-1000 ng/g, 45 were screened correctly and 3 negative samples were presumed positive. This simple screening protocol has the potential to significantly reduce sample numbers and hence improve sample throughput and save assay costs.     

Comparison of lipid content and Fatty Acid composition in the edible meat of wild and cultured freshwater and marine fish and shrimps from china

The lipid content and fatty acid composition in the edible meat of twenty-nine species of wild and cultured freshwater and marine fish and shrimps were investigated. Both the lipid content and fatty acid composition of the species were specified due to their unique food habits and trophic levels. Most of the marine fish demonstrated higher lipid content than the freshwater fish, whereas shrimps had the lowest lipid content. All the marine fish and shrimps had much higher total n-3 PUFA than n-6 PUFA, while most of the freshwater fish and shrimps demonstrated much lower total n-3 PUFA than n-6 PUFA. This may be the biggest difference in fatty acid composition between marine and freshwater species. The cultured freshwater fish demonstrated higher percentages of total PUFA, total n-3 PUFA, and EPA + DHA than the wild freshwater fish. Two freshwater fish, including bighead carp and silver carp, are comparable to the marine fish as sources of n-3 PUFA.