甘蔗与蔗茅杂交双亲染色体在F_1及F_2子代中的传递

甘蔗与蔗茅杂交的后代材料抗旱、耐寒,在甘蔗抗逆育种中具有较好的应用前景,为将其有效应用于甘蔗新品种的选育及品种改良,特对甘蔗与蔗茅杂交各世代的染色体传递方式进行研究。采用去壁低渗法对F1、F2杂种及其亲本材料的根尖体细胞染色体进行研究。结果表明:各后代材料的体细胞染色体数目均不恒定,F1材料的染色体变幅为10~11条,F2材料的变幅为6~14条;双亲染色体在F1代材料中的传递方式为"2n+n",而在F2中既以"n+n"又以"2n+n"的方式进行传递。本研究结果可为诸类材料在甘蔗育种中的进一步利用提供细胞学依据。     

斑茅染色体和植物学性状观察研究

 通过对采自滇、蜀、藏、陕、赣、鄂、闽、粤、桂、琼等10个省(区)的35份斑茅无性系的染色体数目和植物学性状观察,发现染色体数目有2n=40和2n=60两种类型。其中2n=40类型的斑茅只有3个无性系,分别采自云南和西藏。采自其它省(区)的32个无性系都属于2n=60这种类型。     

Effects of long-term fertilization with different substitution ratios of organic fertilizer on paddy soil

In recent years, the abuse of chemical fertilizers has caused numerous environmental problems, such as soil acidification and compaction. Replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers can effectively alleviate these problems. However, the effects of alternative organic fertilizers remain unclear. To explore the effects of organic fertilizer substitution on rice yield and paddy soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure, we conducted a 5-year experiment using different proportions of organic fertilizer substitution in a double-cropping rice field in Jiangxi, China. Our results showed that replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers can reduce soil acidification, increase soil organic matter content, nutrient contents, and enzyme activities, improve soil physicochemical properties and microbial community, and enhance soil metabolism. Appropriate organic substitution also had positive effects on rice production. These findings enhance our understanding of the effects of different alternative organic fertilization methods and have important theoretical significance for the promotion of the use of organic fertilizers in the future.     

甘蔗与蔗茅属间杂交F1代真实性的鉴定

采用体细胞染色体计数和RAPD分子标记的方法鉴定“甘蔗×蔗茅”属间杂交种F1代的真实性。结果表明:杂种F1代材料“01/47,01/85,01/120”的2n=80～82,染色体遗传方式为“n 2n”;用110个随机引物进行RAPD扩增,63个引物可获得双亲的RAPD多态性,其中3个引物(OPC-19,OPE-2,OPF-4)可在杂种F1代材料01/64和01/120的RAPD扩增标记中显示出双亲的特征谱带,分别为父本3500bp和母本1300bp、父本1350bp和母本900bp、父本550bp和母本900bp。     

无土栽培基质水分特性参数研究

选用设施无土栽培常用8种基质,试验测定其孔隙度、渗透系数、水分特性曲线、扩散率等水分特性参数,分析得到:基质的水分扩散率与基质含水率之间的关系都符合经验公式D(θ=aebθ,呈指数函数变化,且决定系数较高;基质的导水性用扩散率来表示,得到珍珠岩和蛭石的供水速度快,但不利于保水,降低了灌水效率.综合分析8种基质得到,除珍珠岩、蛭石外,其他6种基质总孔隙度均在70％～ 90％之间,水气比均在2.0～4.0之间,均可作为育苗和栽培基质;采用矩阵法综合评价,得出以国产草炭与珍珠岩质量比2:1,国产草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩质量比3:1:1为基质时最优.     

主要淡水养殖鱼类基因文库的构建

本研究构建了青鱼、草鱼、鲤、鲫、鳊、三角鲂等六种鱼的基因文库。λ＿ＥＭＢＬ＿３为载体，用上述各种鱼－肝组织制备大片段染色体ＤＮＡ，部分酶解的染色体ＤＮＡ与载体ＤＮＡ连接，重组ＤＮＡ经过体外包装，构成基因文库。各种鱼的染色体ＤＮＡ重组斑数均约在１ｘ１０￣６左右，文库中基因的覆盖率高于９９％。     

Hydrolysis of polycarbonate using ionic liquid [Bmim][Cl] as solvent and catalyst

The hydrolysis of polycarbonate (PC) was studied using ionic liquid [Bmim][Cl] as solvent and catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, water dosage and [Bmim][Cl] dosage on reaction results were examined. It was showed that the hydrolysis conversion of PC was almost 100 % and the yield of bisphenol A (BPA) was over 95 % under the reaction conditions of temperature 165 °C, time 3.0 h, m([Bmim][Cl]):m(PC)=1.5:1 and n(H₂O):n(PC)=10:1. The ionic liquid could be reused for 8 times without obvious decrease in the conversion of PC and yield of BPA. Therefore, an environmental friendly strategy for chemical recycling of PC was developed.     

无土盆栽红掌潮汐灌溉技术

为支撑设施无土盆栽潮汐灌溉技术应用,该文以连栋温室固体基质盆栽花卉-红掌为试材,设置营养液深分别为花盆高的1/2(T1)、1/3(T2)、1/4(T3)、1/5(T4)和传统滴灌供水处理(T5),研究了潮汐灌溉和滴灌对基质含水率、灌溉水利用、红掌品质和耗水的影响。结果表明:与滴灌处理相比较,潮汐灌溉处理基质含水率明显偏高,灌水周期增加1～3d,耗水量增加44.2%～69.3%,红掌株高、冠幅分别增加6.6～11.4和7.3～10.6cm,佛焰苞长、宽分别增加0.8～1.5和0.5～1.8cm,花序高增加0.2～1.0cm。潮汐灌溉营养液深不超过盆高的1/4时,对基质含水率、灌水周期和红掌耗水量影响不明显,超过盆高的1/4后,随营养液深增加,基质含水率显著增加,灌水周期延长,耗水量总体随营养液深增加而增大。潮汐灌溉的营养液深是花盆高的1/5时,红掌观赏品质最优,此时营养液深为2.56cm,是供试潮汐灌溉营养液较优控制深度,灌水周期为3～5d。     

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

Scientific irrigation and nitrogen management is important for agricultural production in arid areas. To quantify the effect of water and nitrogen management on yield components, biomass partitioning and harvest index (HI) of maize for seed production with plastic film-mulching, field experiments including different irrigation and N treatments were conducted in arid north-west China in 2013 and 2014. The results indicated that kernel number per plant (KN) was significantly affected by irrigation and N treatments. However, 100-kernel weight was relatively stable. Reducing irrigation quantity significantly increased stem partitioning index (PI_stem) and leaf partitioning index (PI_leaf), and decreased ear partitioning index (PI_ear) at harvest, but lowering N rate (from 500 to 100 kg N·hm^-2) did not significantly reduce PI_stem, PI_leaf, and PI_ear at harvest. HI was significantly reduced by reducing irrigation quantity, but not by reducing N rate. Linear relationships were found between KN, PI_stem, PI_leaf, PI_ear at harvest and HI and evapotranspiration (ET).     

An investigation on second phases in the as-cast Mg-3Al-1Zn-(0-0.5)Sr magnesium alloys

In order to systematically investigate the effect of Sr addition on the second phases in the as-cast AZ31 magnesium alloy and provide the theoretical basis for the design of the Mg-Al-Zn series alloys containing Sr element,the type and formation theory of second phases in the AZ31 as-cast magnesium alloys with low Sr contents(mass friction of 0.1,0.3,and 0.5) are investigated and analyzed by using scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),and X-ray diffractometer(XRD). The results indicate that for the AZ31 as-cast alloy without Sr addition,besides the Mg17Al12 phase,the extra Mg21(Zn,Al)17 phase with small amount is found to exist in the alloy. In addition,the difference both in the volume fraction and the type for the second phases in the AZ31 as-cast alloys with different Sr contents is very obvious. The alloys with the addition of 0.1 and 0.3 Sr(mass friction) mainly consists of the α-Mg,Mg17Al12,Mg21(Zn,Al)17 and Al4Sr phases. However,only the α-Mg,Mg21(Zn,Al)17 and Al4Sr phases are observed for the alloy with the addition of 0.5 Sr(mass friction). Otherwise,the volume fraction of the Al4Sr phase with lamella-like sharps increases with the Sr contents increasing among the 0.3-0.5(mass friction) range.