2019年河南省小反刍兽疫专项监测评估

为有效防范风险,扎实做好河南省小反刍兽疫监测工作,全面掌握小反刍兽疫感染状况和流行趋势,落实国家小反刍兽疫消灭计划,按照《河南省2019年动物疫病监测与流行病学调查计划》要求,对全省种羊场和部分商品羊场开展了小反刍兽疫专项监测,分别用竞争ELISA、荧光RT-PCR试验方法,检测小反刍兽疫免疫抗体与病毒核酸。结果显示:河南省小反刍兽疫平均免疫抗体合格率为80.58%,其中种畜场(82.48%)高于商品场(79.74%);3种不同企业生产疫苗的免疫合格率均在73%以上,不同地区的免疫抗体合格率在55.47%～100%之间,免疫2次及以上的免疫抗体合格率(86.36%)高于只免疫1次的(76.50%);未检出小反刍兽疫病毒核酸阳性样品。结果表明,河南省小反刍兽疫整体防控效果较好,未发现病毒感染,免疫抗体水平均在国家规定的最低标准(70%)以上,说明近期省内发生小反刍兽疫的风险较低,但部分地区免疫效果较差,存在一定的发生风险。因此,河南省仍需继续做好小反刍兽疫的强制免疫、监测和流行病学调查工作,科学评估免疫效果和疫情风险,同时加强羊只的引种检疫和流通监管,提高基层兽医工作者和养殖户的防控意识,从而最终达到消灭小反刍兽疫的目标。     

螺旋粉虱对不同甜椒品种的产卵选择性及与植物中化学物质的相互关系研究

［目的］ 明确螺旋粉虱对不同甜椒品种的产卵偏好性及其与甜椒体内化学物质含量的关系。［方法］ 采用非自由选择法测定了螺旋粉虱对不同甜椒品种的产卵偏好性,并测定不同甜椒品种体内单宁酸、总黄酮、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等化学物质含量,分析其与螺旋粉虱产卵选择的相关性。［结果］ 螺旋粉虱对‘古风7号’的选择性最强,产卵量显著高于‘特大型牟一号’、‘吉星’、‘京椒’、‘特大甜椒八号’等8个品种（α=0.05水平）,而与‘国禧205’、‘郑椒甜宝’、‘古风5号’等7个品种差异不显著。不同甜椒品种间的单宁酸含量、总黄酮含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量存在显著差异。相关分析表明,螺旋粉虱对甜椒品种的选择性与单宁酸、总黄酮不相关,与可溶性蛋白呈负相关,与可溶性糖含量呈正相关。［结论］ 螺旋粉虱对不同甜椒品种的偏好性存在显著差异,这种差异与甜椒体内一些化学物质含量不同有关。     

不育剂EP-1对内蒙古荒漠啮齿动物优势种群繁殖的影响

鼠类不育控制已成为我国草原鼠害有效控制的发展趋势.为明确不育剂对荒漠草原害鼠种群繁殖的控制作用,2011年在内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区采用春季一次性投饵的方法,研究复合不育剂EP-1对子午沙鼠Meriones meridianus、三趾跳鼠Dipus sagitta和小毛足鼠Phodopus roborovskii3种啮齿动物优势种群的控制作用.结果显示,不育剂EP-1致使3种雄鼠的睾丸明显萎缩且下降率降低;春季子午沙鼠和三趾跳鼠的睾丸、附睾和精囊腺3项脏器系数均极显著低于对照区(P＜0.01),睾丸下降率均显著低于对照区(P＜0.05);小毛足鼠5月和10月睾丸脏器系数和4-10月睾丸下降率均显著低于对照区(P＜0.05),且持续时间较长.不育剂EP-1导致3种雌鼠子宫明显水肿、外壁变薄、体积变大、孕鼠平均胎仔数减少,4月子午沙鼠和三趾跳鼠的子宫脏器系数与宽度均显著高于对照区(P＜0.05),5月3种雌鼠的平均胎仔数均显著低于对照区(P＜0.05).表明不育剂EP-1对3种荒漠啮齿动物优势种群的繁殖起到了有效的控制作用.     

Nanosize of zinc oxide and the effects on zinc digestibility,growth performances,immune response and serum parameters of weanling piglets

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of nanosize zinc on zinc digestibility, growth performances, immune response and serum parameters of weanling piglets. Ninety‐six LYD weanling piglets were assigned to control, zinc oxide (ZnO), organic‐Zn (Zn‐methionine) and nanosize ZnO (nano‐Zn) groups with four replicates. The zinc was at the 120 mg/kg level in the treatment group's diet, while the control group's was 80 mg/kg Zn. The experiment results indicated that the nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn groups had significantly higher Zn digestibility compared to the ZnO and control groups. For the immune response traits, the IgG level and goat red blood cells (GRBC) antibody titer were nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn>ZnO>control; in the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) challenge test result, nano‐Zn>organic‐Zn>ZnO>control; in regard to the γ‐globulin level, nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn>ZnO and control, with significant difference between groups. In the serum parameters aspect, serum Zn concentration in nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn groups were higher than in the ZnO and control groups, serum growth hormone concentration was increased in the nano‐Zn group than in the other groups. In conclusion, nanosize zinc oxide for dietary supplementation can increase zinc digestibility, serum growth hormone levels and carbonic anhydrase activity and enhance the immune response of weanling piglets.     

采前不同钙制剂处理对‘红阳’猕猴桃品质和贮藏性能的影响

为明确不同外源钙制剂在采前处理后对‘红阳’猕猴桃果实品质及贮藏性能的影响,本研究以CaCl2、Ca(NO3)2、氨基酸钙和糖醇钙等4种钙制剂以不同浓度在果实采收前进行喷施,研究不同钙制剂对‘红阳’猕猴桃可溶固形物、总糖、总酸、Vc、果实中钙含量、贮藏后品质变化及腐败率等的影响,以筛选出适合‘红阳’猕猴桃在实际生产中运用的钙制剂种类和施用浓度。其结果表明,1.0%的CaCl2能提高‘红阳’猕猴桃果实的可溶固形物、总糖、Vc含量,减少在贮藏过程中果实的霉变率,其效果优于其他3种钙制剂。该研究结果对‘红阳’猕猴桃采前外源钙制剂的施用提供了科学依据。     

水稻ARF基因家族新成员ADP-Ribosylation Factor-Like Protein 5(OsARFL5)的克隆及表达分析

小G蛋白家族中的亚家族ADP-核糖基化因子(ADP-ribosylation factor, ARF),在生物体内起众多的生理作用,参与基因表达、细胞骨架重组装、微管的形成以及囊泡和核孔运输等。本研究已成功克隆得到ARF基因家族中的一个新基因OsARFL5,系统进化分析表明该基因与SiARFC1亲缘关系较近;以该基因和其启动子序列构建了两种遗传转化表达载体(pOsARFL5::GUS, pCaMV35S::OsARFL5:EGFP),并获得了相应遗传载体的转基因植株;GUS染色结果表明,该基因在不同时期、不同组织部位表达;洋葱表皮亚细胞定位结果显示,Os ARFL5基因编码的蛋白定位在细胞核。RT-PCR结果显示,OsARFL5在水稻不同生育期的根、茎、叶、叶鞘和穗子中均有不同程度的表达。本研究初步探明了ARF基因家族新成员OsARFL5在水稻生长发育过程中的表达模式。     

提高奶牛冷冻精液使用效果的措施

如何提高奶牛冷冻精液的使用效果,在奶牛繁殖中是人们一直追求的目标。作者根据多年的实际生产经验,在冷冻精液的解冻液配方、冷冻方式、解冻温度、解冻后的保存温度等方面进行了改进,取得了较好的效果。     

Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B‐biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC₅₀ values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8‐, 10.3‐ and 7.29‐fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97‐, 1.79‐ and 1.30‐fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long‐term induction of host plants for B‐biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Isolation and Characterization of Pepsin-Soluble Collagen from the Skin of Peru Squid (Dosidicus gigas)

Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) was isolated from Peru squid (Dosidicus gigas) skin and physicochemical properties of the PSC were determined. The PSC exhibited a maximum absorbance at 220 nm. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested the collagen containing α1 and α2 chain was classified as type I collagen. Amino acid composition indicated that the collagen had lower amino acid content than that of mammalian collagen. Denaturation temperature (T_d) of the PSC was 26.8°C. The PSC had relatively high solubility in alkaline condition or NaCl concentrations below 2%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy investigations showed the existence of helical arrangements of collagen. The lyophilized collagen had a uniform and regular network structure. These results suggested that Peru squid skin was a potential source of collagen for further research and application.     

PEG/Activated Carbon Phase Change Materials of Modified Asphalt

Phase change material modified asphalt is prepared by using PEG/activated carbon composite solid-solid phase change materials for asphalt modification. Phase change materials modified asphalt with different ratios are aged and treaded alterably at high or low temperature, and then its appearance is observed. The properties of the modified asphalt, such as ductility, softening point, etc., are tested by using electronic tensile testing machine and thermal mechanical analyzer. Experiments show that when the content of PEG/activated carbon phase change material is 20%, the ductility of modified asphalt is the best; when the content of phase change material is 15% to 20%, the softening point of modified asphalt is obviously improved.