Comparative performance of juvenile rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, fed to satiation with simulated 'standard' and 'high energy' diet formulations

Abstract. Four experimental diets were formulated to resemble practical rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, grower feeds based on medium and moderate lipid inclusions of 10 and 14% (standard energy levels) to relatively 'high energy' diets containing 18 and 22% lipid respectively. Each of these diets was isonitrogenous with a defined protein content of 42%. During a 10-week growth trial period, juvenile rainbow trout of initial mean weight of 10g were fed each ration to satiation. At the end of the study, there was a significant gain (P> 0.05) in the mean live weights of fish receiving the higher energy diets associated with improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) and net protein utilization (NPU). Although there was a declining trend in voluntary food intake relative to body weight with increasing dietary lipid content, this was insufficient to prevent greater deposition of body fat.
The results are discussed in relation to practical trout feeds in order to achieve a desired growth performance and acceptable body composition with intensive feeding regimes.     

Effects of an extreme flash flood on the native fish assemblages across a Mediterranean catchment

Abstract  The effects of an extreme flash flood on the native fish assemblages across a Mediterranean catchment in Southwest Portugal were investigated. The fish community structure and habitat were surveyed at 10 sites pre- and post-flood. Overall species richness and rank abundances changed little after the flood, despite there being a consistent decline in the abundance of small cyprinids. Pre- and post-flood habitat correlates of abundance changed for at least some species, and variability in assemblage structure was associated with flood, depth and pH. These results indicate that extreme floods occurring early in the wet season may have little disruptive effects on the overall structure of native fish assemblages in Mediterranean streams, although may at least partially influence population dynamics for some species. Habitat quality and complexity are likely to play a role in mediating species responses to flooding.     

青贮疯草及其颗粒饲料对绵羊的增重效果及安全性评价

疯草为豆科多年生草本植物,具有营养价值高的特点,是一种可利用的潜在牧草资源。为了开发疯草作为牧草资源利用的可能性,探讨了含10%疯草青贮饲料和10%疯草颗粒饲料对绵羊的增重效果及安全性。试验选择90只临床健康绵羊,随机分为3组,每组30只。对照组饲喂常规饲料,青贮组饲喂含10%青贮疯草饲料,颗粒组饲喂含10%疯草颗粒饲料;试验期间每天观察受试绵羊的临床表现,定期进行空腹称重,并采集血液做生化指标检测。结果表明,试验期间,各试验组绵羊均未出现明显的疯草中毒症状;青贮疯草组绵羊体重与对照组比较增加24.66%,平均日增重高出对照组78.26%;10%疯草颗粒组与对照组比较无显著差异。青贮疯草组血清ALB、ALP水平降低,AST水平升高。10%疯草颗粒组AST、ALP、CRE、BUN水平升高。10%青贮疯草及其颗粒饲料对绵羊有一定的增重效果,且比较安全,可作为饲料资源开发利用。     

蒙古羊卵巢组织差异表达基因ADAMTS1的电子克隆及RT-PCR验证

在单、双羔蒙古羊卵巢组织抑制性消减杂交的基础上,以其差异表达片段ADAMTS1基因序列为种子序列,采用GenBank的BLAST检索系统首先对蒙古羊的ADAMTS1基因序列片段进行了电子延伸,其次在获得蒙古羊AD-AMTS1基因的cDNA全序列后设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法进一步克隆了蒙古羊ADAMTS1基因。结果显示,试验所得序列与电子延伸序列的同源性为99.4%,序列长为2 420 bp包括836 bp 3'UTR区域和1 578 bp的完整开放读码框,共编码525个氨基酸。Blastn比对发现蒙古羊ADAMTS1基因序列与牛、猪和人的同源性分别为94%,87%,82%;对氨基酸序列进行blastp比对发现与牛、猪和人的同源性分别为91%,90%,87%。采用SMART程序预测其结构功能域发现蒙古羊ADAMTS1蛋白质有4个结构功能域:1个富半胱氨酸结构域和3个血小板反应蛋白。     

水分胁迫对水稻品种生理特性的影响

本实验以优质杂交粳稻滇型杂交水稻滇杂31为材料,采用盆栽实验,在水稻孕穗期设5个水分胁迫处理,进行了不同程度的水分胁迫,在水分胁迫结束后,对叶片光合特性、叶片与根系的丙二醛(MDA)浓度、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化进行测定,研究水分胁迫对滇杂31孕穗期生理特性的影响。研究结果表明,孕穗期随着水分胁迫的加剧,滇杂31农艺性状、光合特性显著下降;叶片和根系的MDA浓度、POD活性、SOD活性都有所上升。     

提高综合性农业科技期刊自身发展能力的探讨

简述了综合性农业期刊在竞争中发展自己的经验增强编辑的创新意识和能力,栏目策划是先导,选题策划是关键,最大限度的缩短出版时滞。紧跟学科领域的重大、重点科研项目,进行超前和后续追踪报道,瞄准生产上的热点问题进行及时报道。     

Cu2+对中华倒刺鲃超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

Cu2+是养殖水体的常见污染物,为了评估Cu2+对鱼类超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的影响,将中华倒刺鲃暴露于含0.01～0.32 mg/L Cu2+的水体中饲养8 d,测定肌肉、血浆及肝脏中SOD活性的变化.实验结果显示,低浓度Cu2+(0.01 mg/L)对肌肉、血浆及肝脏的SOD有诱导作用,随着处理时间的延长而升高.但当浓度较高(0.04mg/L以上)时,SOD活性均呈现先诱导后抑制的趋势.Cu2+浓度越高,SOD活性上升越急剧,出现活性抑制的时间就越提前.此外,SOD在3种组织中的分布亦存在明显差异,肝脏的SOD活性最大.这些结果表明,肝脏SOD活性更宜作为Cu2+污染的生物标记.     

Initiation of Plant Disease Resistance by Physical Interaction of AvrPto and Pto Kinase

Resistance to bacterial speck disease in tomato occurs when the Pto kinase in the plant responds to expression of the avirulence gene avrPto in the Pseudomonas pathogen. Transient expression of an avrPto transgene in plant cells containing Pto elicited a defense response. In the yeast two-hybrid system, the Pto kinase physically interacted with AvrPto. Alterations of AvrPto or Pto that disrupted the interaction in yeast also abolished disease resistance in plants. The physical interaction of AvrPto and Pto provides an explanation of gene-for-gene specificity in bacterial speck disease resistance.     

Energy balance for ethyl alcohol production from crops

Energy requirements to produce ethyl alcohol from three different crops in Brazil (sugarcane, cassava, and sweet sorghum) were calculated. Figures are presented for the agricultural and industrial phases. The industrial phase is always more energy-intensive, consuming from 60 to 75 percent of the total energy. Sugarcane is the more efficient crop for ethyl alcohol production, followed by sweet sorghum and cassava from a net energy viewpoint. The utilization of sweet sorghum stems might increase the total energy gain from this crop to almost the same level as sugarcane. Cassava has a lower energy gain at the present state of agriculture in Brazil.     

Penny ice cap cores, baffin island, canada, and the wisconsinan foxe dome connection: two states of hudson bay ice cover

Ice cores from Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada, provide continuous Holocene records of oxygen isotopic composition (delta18O, proxy for temperature) and atmospheric impurities. A time scale was established with the use of altered seasonal variations, some volcanic horizons, and the age for the end of the Wisconsin ice age determined from the GRIP and GISP2 ice cores. There is pre-Holocene ice near the bed. The change in delta18O since the last glacial maximum (LGM) is at least 12.5 per mil, compared with an expected value of 7 per mil, suggesting that LGM ice originated at the much higher elevations of the then existing Foxe Dome and Foxe Ridge of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The LGM delta18O values suggest thick ice frozen to the bed of Hudson Bay.