Long-distance commuting and population change in Georgia, 1960-80

The authors investigate counter-urbanization and population change in Georgia between 1960 and 1980 by examining commuting patterns. "The immediate objective is to construct the entire set of commuting fields of both large metropolitan areas to metropolitan and nonmetropolitan employment centers. We then proceed to the relationship between commuting from nonmetropolitan areas to all levels of Georgia's urban hierarchy and population change in these nonmetropolitan settings. By matching population growth and decline areas with explicit employment ties...the nature of the population changes is much better understood." Data from the 1960, 1970, and 1980 censuses for 581 Census County Divisions (CCDs) in Georgia are analyzed. It is concluded that "most nonmetropolitan growth taking place in Georgia is associated with intensification of metropolitan commuting fields along with growth of nonmetropolitan centers and their influence along the very periphery of metropolitan spheres of employment influence. However, a significant share of Georgia's nonmetropolitan population revitalization is explained by growth independent of direct metropolitan influence. It would appear then that nonmetropolitan growth centers are an important part of the basis for population decentralization in Georgia. Metropolitan spill-over alone cannot account for counterurbanization on this portion of the American economic landscape."     

Pedogenesis within the archaeological landscape at south lodge camp,Wiltshire, England

The properties of soils associated with the Bronze Age site near the South Lodge of Rushmore Park, Wiltshire, are described. Three primary soil types are identified: rendzinas (Rendolls), argillic brown earths (Hapludalfs) and a brown calcareous earth (Eutrochrept). The mapped distribution of these soil types is related to the archaeological landscape. The argillic brown earths are limited in extent to the deeper soils of the positive (accumulating) lynchets of the field system, whereas rendzinas occupy the negative (eroding) lynchets and the remainder of the fields. The only occurrence of a brown calcareous earth is in a positive lynchet within the enclosure. From the distribution of soil types and analogies with the soils of other prehistoric field systems on the Chalk, it is concluded that the argillic brown earths have formed from a highly calcareous colluvial deposit since abandonment of the field system in the later Bronze Age. Further, the development of this soil type appears to be controlled by lateral throughflow of soil water combined with the re-establishment of a wooded landscape. Formation of the argillic brown earth at this site appears to be more recent than at any other site in southern England for which information has been published.     

Type-restricted neutralization of molecular clones of human immunodeficiency virus

In a study of the immunologic significance of the genetic diversity present within single isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the neutralization of viruses derived from molecular clones of the HIV-1 strain HTLV-IIIB by an extensive panel of sera was compared. Sera from HIV-1-infected patients and from goats immunized with polyacrylamide gel-purified HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120), native gp120, or gp120-derived recombinant peptides, showed marked heterogeneity in neutralizing activity against these closely related viruses. The change of a single amino acid residue in gp120 may account for such "clonal restriction" of neutralizing activity.     

Magnetic properties of the lunar crystalline rock and fines

Magnetic measurements have shown that nondiamagnetic minerals in a lunar crystalline rock of type B are (free Fe(2)+ in paramagnetic pyroxenes) : (antiferromagnetic FeSiO(3)) : (antiferromagnetic FeTiO(3)) : (ferromagnetic iron) = 4.3 : 7 : 20 : 0.08 in weight percentage. The abundance of ferromagnetic Fe in the lunar fines is about 7.5 times its abundance in the crystalline rock. The natural remanent magnetization of the crystalline rock of 7.5 x 10(-6) emu/ g in intensity may not be attributable to its thermoremanent magnetization.     

Similarity of synthetic peptide from human tumor to parathyroid hormone in vivo and in vitro

One mechanism considered responsible for the hypercalcemia that frequently accompanies malignancy is secretion by the tumor of a circulating factor that alters calcium metabolism. The structure of a tumor-secreted peptide was recently determined and found to be partially homologous to parathyroid hormone (PTH). The amino-terminal 1-34 region of the factor was synthesized and evaluated biologically. In vivo it produced hypercalcemia, acted on bone and kidney, and stimulated 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 formation. In vitro it interacted with PTH receptors and, in some systems, was more potent than PTH. These studies support a long-standing hypothesis regarding pathogenesis of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.