Cross-protective immunity and the serological classification system for Bacteroides nodosus

The relationship between the serological classification system for serogroup B and for serogroup H of Bacteroides nodosus and cross-protection between subgroups within these serogroups was examined. Protection against ovine footrot following vaccination was achieved against other subgroup strains provided sufficient cross-reactive antibody was induced by shared pilus antigens. Within serogroup B, better cross-protection against one subgroup was obtained with a pili vaccine than a whole cell vaccine which correlated with higher pilus antibody titres induced by the former. For serogroup H, a lack of cross-protection and serological reactivity between subgroups was demonstrated, which indicates that the prototype strain of subgroup H2 should be designated a new serogroup.     

Toxicosis in dairy cattle exposed to poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) in hay: isolation of Conium alkaloids in plants, hay, and urine.

Cattle in two herds developed signs of bloating, increased salivation and lacrimation, depression, respiratory distress, ataxia, and death after ingestion of hay that contained large amounts of poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). Twenty of 30 Angus cows and calves were affected in the first herd (2 died). In the second herd, 5 of 30 Holstein heifers were affected (1 died). The Conium alkaloids, coniine and gamma-coniceine, were quantified in the hay, the plants from the responsible hayfield, and the urine of affected animals.     

Long-distance commuting and population change in Georgia, 1960-80

The authors investigate counter-urbanization and population change in Georgia between 1960 and 1980 by examining commuting patterns. "The immediate objective is to construct the entire set of commuting fields of both large metropolitan areas to metropolitan and nonmetropolitan employment centers. We then proceed to the relationship between commuting from nonmetropolitan areas to all levels of Georgia's urban hierarchy and population change in these nonmetropolitan settings. By matching population growth and decline areas with explicit employment ties...the nature of the population changes is much better understood." Data from the 1960, 1970, and 1980 censuses for 581 Census County Divisions (CCDs) in Georgia are analyzed. It is concluded that "most nonmetropolitan growth taking place in Georgia is associated with intensification of metropolitan commuting fields along with growth of nonmetropolitan centers and their influence along the very periphery of metropolitan spheres of employment influence. However, a significant share of Georgia's nonmetropolitan population revitalization is explained by growth independent of direct metropolitan influence. It would appear then that nonmetropolitan growth centers are an important part of the basis for population decentralization in Georgia. Metropolitan spill-over alone cannot account for counterurbanization on this portion of the American economic landscape."     

Pedogenesis within the archaeological landscape at south lodge camp,Wiltshire, England

The properties of soils associated with the Bronze Age site near the South Lodge of Rushmore Park, Wiltshire, are described. Three primary soil types are identified: rendzinas (Rendolls), argillic brown earths (Hapludalfs) and a brown calcareous earth (Eutrochrept). The mapped distribution of these soil types is related to the archaeological landscape. The argillic brown earths are limited in extent to the deeper soils of the positive (accumulating) lynchets of the field system, whereas rendzinas occupy the negative (eroding) lynchets and the remainder of the fields. The only occurrence of a brown calcareous earth is in a positive lynchet within the enclosure. From the distribution of soil types and analogies with the soils of other prehistoric field systems on the Chalk, it is concluded that the argillic brown earths have formed from a highly calcareous colluvial deposit since abandonment of the field system in the later Bronze Age. Further, the development of this soil type appears to be controlled by lateral throughflow of soil water combined with the re-establishment of a wooded landscape. Formation of the argillic brown earth at this site appears to be more recent than at any other site in southern England for which information has been published.