Protein security and food security in China

Food security, the need to meet nutritional requirements, and four main problems for food protein security in China are analyzed. From the perspective of residents’ nutritional requirements and balanced dietary patterns, the conclusion is that food security in China is in essence dependent on protein production and security of supply and that fat and carbohydrates supply in China can reach self-sufficiency. Considering the situation of food protein production and consumption in China, policy suggestions are made, which could ensure a balanced supply and demand for food protein and food security in China.     

异龄林生长动态研究进展

异龄林生长动态是林分生长和收获预估模型体系的主要组成部分,更是树种组成优化、择伐周期优化、林分直径分布优化及最优蓄积生长量等经营决策中一个不可缺少的部分。综述了国内外近年来异龄林生长动态研究,主要包括直径分布、生长模型和经营方式等方面进展,讨论了异龄林生长研究的发展趋势。     

穗离体培养下温度对小麦蛋白质及其组分和产量性状的影响

本实验采用穗离体培养的方法研究了不同培养温度对小麦蛋白质及其组分和小麦产量性状的影响.试验表明:在扬花前3天至乳熟期间,温度对小麦籽粒总蛋白质的含量影响不大,但对蛋白质组分影响较大,低温有利于清蛋白的形成,高温有利于醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的形成;同时试验还表明低温条件下小麦茎杆总蛋白含量高于高温培养下的茎杆含量;不同培养温度对小麦结实率和粒重也有影响,小麦1.2小花和整穗可见花结实率随温度增高而上升,到20℃时达到最大,分别为96.36%和72.11%,百粒重随温度的升高而增大,呈线性相关,相关系数为0.974013.另外本试验还对受温度影响的13个指标进行了因子分析,分析结果表明13个指标可以压缩为3个因子,因子1可以命名为产量因子,决定总变异的48.045 4%,因子2和因子3可合称为蛋白质组分和粒重因子决定总变异的51.9546%.     

海南猪杂交效果及海南猪H-FABP 基因和MyoG 基因5′上游区域的遗传变异研究

测定了海南猪、海南猪母猪与杜洛克公猪杂交后代的胴体性状、肉质性状,并对脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)和肌细胞生成素(MyoG)基因的5′上游区域的遗传变异进行了分析。结果表明:杂交黑猪与其母本海南猪相比,活体重、胴体重、屠宰率、胴体长、瘦肉率均有提高,且差异显著(P0.05),表现出较好的杂种优势;骨率、皮率降低,脂肪沉积性能提高,而眼肌面积、皮厚变化不大。另外,海南猪与杂交黑猪肉质均符合优良肉质标准,杂交黑猪肉在滴水损失、大理石纹、水分、粗蛋白含量等方面优于海南猪,表现出较好的杂种优势。海南猪H-FABP基因5′上游区域和MyoG基因5′上游区域遗传变异的基因型和等位基因频率,为海南猪优良肉质性状的形成提供了遗传学依据。     

猪细小病毒和猪圆环病毒2型多重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

根据GenBank中已发表的猪细小病毒(PPV)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)基因序列,对各病毒基因区进行同源性分析,确定PPV的VP2和PCV2的ORF2基因为各病毒的诊断靶序列,设计特异性引物,在建立各病毒单项PCR技术的基础上,优化多重PCR反应条件,建立了2种病毒的多重PCR技术,可同时扩增PPV的313 bp和PCV2的447 bp的特异性片段。用多重PCR技术与单项PCR技术对比检测试验证明二者的总符合率为100%。表明建立的多重PCR检测方法,具有特异、快速、准确的特点,可同时鉴别诊断这2种病毒。从10个发病猪场和门诊病例的病猪采集的211份样品,用山西省农科院畜牧兽医研究所动物基础医学研究课题组研究的多重PCR检测方法,检出猪圆环病毒2型阳性56份,阳性率为27%;猪细小病毒病阳性42份,阳性率为20%;二者混合感染17份,阳性率为8%。这为掌握山西这2种病毒的感染情况提供了依据。     

梓树露地与大棚播种育苗效果比较

为比较梓树露地播种育苗与大棚播种育苗的育苗效果,研究了不同播种方式对梓树播种后种子破土时间、出苗时间、出苗率以及梓树植株性状的影响。结果表明:与露地播种育苗相比,大棚播种育苗出苗时间可提前20d左右,出苗率高出7%,幼苗植株高度高出57.2%,基茎高出35.7%,叶片数高出75.8%,而且大棚内梓树幼苗叶片较大。     

青海门源地区杂种荷斯坦后备牛生长发育分析

[目的]为了掌握杂种荷斯坦后备牛生长发育规律。[方法]测定101头青海门源地区杂种荷斯坦奶牛育成牛体斜长、体高、胸围分析后备牛生长发育状况。将测量所得原始数据进行计算、处理与根据中国荷斯坦后备母牛各阶段体尺标准进行对照,加以分析、研究。[结果]在总体生长水平上,后备牛生长发育出现严重不足,尤其以胸围受阻情况最为严重,其中初生至六月龄阶段生长强度不足更为明显,导致育成母牛因生长发育不良而推迟发情,不能及时投产,造成育成牛比例过大,牛群结构不合理。[结论]需要严格执行后备牛饲养管理技术规范,制定合理的营养水平,建立和强化后备牛的选育体系。     

狂犬病病毒BD-06株基质蛋白的原核表达、纯化及其多克隆抗体的制备

本研究旨在获得抗狂犬病病毒M蛋白的多克隆抗体,为进一步研究M蛋白功能提供材料。本试验以狂犬病病毒BD06毒株为模板克隆M基因序列,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET28a;经酶切和测序鉴定,M蛋白基因序列已正确插入表达载体pET28a;以表达载体pET28a-M转化E.coli Rosetta株,并以0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导,结果表达出27 ku左右的M蛋白;将诱导表达的蛋白质回收纯化,以纯化的M蛋白多次免疫兔子制备多克隆抗体;Western blotting分析和间接免疫荧光分析结果表明,制得的抗体与病毒能够反应,运用制得的多克隆抗体定位了基质蛋白在感染狂犬病病毒的BHK-21细胞中的位置。结果表明成功制得了抗狂犬病病毒M蛋白的多克隆抗体,为研究狂犬病病毒M蛋白功能奠定了基础。     

Movement patterns of armado, Pterodoras granulosus, in the Paraná River Basin

Abstract –  We studied the migratory behaviour of armado, Pterodoras granulosus , in the Paraná River Basin of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, during 1997–2005. This species invaded the Upper Paraná River after upstream dispersal was facilitated when Itaipu Reservoir inundated a natural barrier. Fish were tagged ( N  = 8051) in the mainstems of the Yacyreta and Itaipu reservoirs, bays of major tributaries, the Paraná River floodplain above Itaipu Reservoir, and below dams. In all, 420 fish were recaptured of which 61% moved away from the release area. Fish moved a maximum of 215 km (mean 42), and at a maximum rate of 9.4 km·day⁻¹ (mean 0.6). Of the 256 armados that moved away from the release site, 145 moved upstream towards unimpounded stretches of the Paraná River and 111 moved downstream into the reservoir and bays of its tributaries (maximum 150 km). Based on the observed migratory movements, we suspect that most of the reproductive output originates in tributaries to the reservoirs. The ability of this species to expand its range presents a conundrum by pitting fishery management interests against conservation needs. Maintenance of the important armado fisheries depends on the ability of the species to migrate freely to use spawning and nursery areas in reservoir tributaries and floodplains. However, its ability to migrate long distances can allow this non-native species the opportunity to invade most of the Upper Paraná River.     

Evaluation,tissue culture propagation,and dissemination of ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ plantains in Costa Rica

Fruit characteristics of the disease-resistant bluggoe-type (ABB) cooking bananas (Musa × paradisiaca L.) ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ were compared with those of the susceptible ‘Currare’ (‘Horn’). Yields of ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ were similar to those of ‘Currare’; however, ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ yielded fewer hands with a greater number of small fruit when compared with ‘Currare’. Shoot-tip cultures of both clones were readily initiated on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Propagation cultures were initiated by splitting shoot tips along their longitudinal axis and re-culturing the individual pieces to basal medium supplemented with 5 mg l^?1 BA. Transfer of axillary shoots to hormone-free medium resulted in rapid and extensive root formation. Plantlet survival after transfer to methyl bromide-treated soil exceeded 90%. Establishment in the field was achieved following procedures normally used for vegetative propagation of this crop. Trial plantings of in vitro propagated ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ were established in various provinces of Costa Rica for grower evaluation and for future comparison of growth and reproductive development with plants of these and other cultivars propagated from corms.