猪流行性腹泻病毒山西分离株ORF3基因序列分析

为了研究山西地区猪流行性腹泻病毒ORF3基因的遗传变异情况,2014-2015年从山西地区11个地市收集的PEDV阳性病料中扩增到4株PEDV的ORF3基因,并进行序列比对及遗传分析。序列分析结果表明,4株PEDV山西分离毒株的ORF3基因与CV777毒株相比,无核苷酸插入和缺失,有部分核苷酸及氨基酸发生变异;4株PEDV山西分离毒株的ORF3基因之间核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为99.6%~100.0%和98.7%~99.6%,与CV777、疫苗株CV777 truncated和attenuated DR13核苷酸同源性分别为96.6%~97.0%,90.6%,97.6%~98.1%,氨基酸同源性分别为95.1%~96.0%,88.0%,97.1%~98.1%。遗传进化分析结果显示,4株PEDV山西分离毒株与12株2010-2015年我国各地方分离的毒株和2009年分离的CH/JL/09毒株亲缘关系较近;与CV777、LZC、Brl/87和2个疫苗株(CV777truncated和attenuated DR13)亲缘关系较远。     

水稻温敏型叶片白化转绿突变体tsa2的表型鉴定与基因定位

水稻温敏型叶色突变体是研究植物光合作用、叶绿体结构和功能以及温度影响叶绿体发育的理想材料。利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变籼型水稻(OryzasativaL.)三系保持系西农1B,从其后代中筛选到一个突变性状稳定遗传的温敏型叶片白化转绿突变体tsa2 (temperature-sensitive green-revertible albino 2)。与野生型相比, tsa2突变表型受温度影响, 22°C条件下萌发的野生型幼苗表型正常,而tsa2幼苗完全白化,且约40%白化苗死亡,存活白化苗的光合色素含量、光合速率均显著降低,成熟期主要农艺性状均显著变劣;在28°C下萌发的tsa2幼苗叶片呈浅绿色并伴有白条纹,其光合色素含量显著降低,光合速率及主要农艺性状差异较小; 32°C下萌发的tsa2幼苗叶片无明显差异。透射电镜观察显示,与野生型相比,tsa2在22°C下叶肉细胞中无叶绿体或存在异常发育叶绿体(尚未分化出基粒和基层),在28°C下部分叶肉细胞含少量发育完整的叶绿体,在32°C下叶肉细胞数量及形态均正常。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析表明,与野生型相比,tsa2突变体中部分光合色素代谢途径基因、叶绿体发育相关基因及光合作用相关基因的表达水平呈不同程度变化。遗传分析表明, tsa2突变表型受一对隐性核基因控制, TSA2被定位于第5染色体SSR标记S5-57和S5-119之间,物理距离为718 kb。本研究为水稻遗传改良及研究温度影响叶绿体发育机制奠定了基础。     

爬山虎在阳泉市垂直绿化中的应用

垂直绿化能最大限度地利用有限的空间,提高绿化覆盖率,在最小范围内实现植物的多样性,并改善空气质量,减少热岛效应。在垂直绿化植物中,爬山虎由于其适应性强、成本低、见效快、宜推广,被广泛大量应用。该文就爬山虎在阳泉市垂直绿化中的应用误区及下一步的发展方向进行探讨,以指导爬山虎的合理使用。     

Influence of the stage of ripeness on phenolic metabolism and antioxidant activity in table grapes exposed to different CO2 treatments

We have analyzed the influence of the stage of ripeness on L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene expression, accumulation of anthocyanins and total phenolics, and on antioxidant activity in the skin of table grapes treated with 20% CO₂ + 20% O₂ + 60 % N₂ for 3 or 6 d at low temperature (0 °C). The residual effect of high CO₂ treatment after transfer to air was also studied. In early harvested grapes, neither the anthocyanin content nor the accumulation of VcPAL mRNA was affected by any of the CO₂ treatments applied. However, in late harvested grapes, the duration of high CO₂ treatment determined its effect and a 6 d treatment with CO₂ sustained higher levels of total phenolics and anthocyanin accumulation, and VcPAL expression than observed in untreated late harvested grapes. The increased antioxidant capacity was correlated with the total amount of phenolics and anthocyanins. Conversely, in grapes treated for 3 d with CO₂ the phenylpropanoid pathway did not appear to be induced and a relationship between antioxidant activity and anthocyanins was not observed. Thus, further studies are needed to identify the most important antioxidants in these treated fruit.     

氮肥运筹对玉米干物质及氮素积累转运和产量的影响

2015～2016年进行田间氮肥试验,研究分次施肥和施氮量对玉米干物质、氮素积累特性和产量的影响.供试品种为郑单958,采用二因素裂区设置,主区2种施氮方式,全部基施和50％基施+50％大喇叭口期追施;副区68、113、181、249kg/hm24种施氮量,对照为不施氮肥,测定干物质和氮素积累量以及产量与产量构成.结果...     

沸石复混肥对油菜苗期养分吸收、产量及土壤性状的影响

在盆栽条件下,比较了不同沸石含量的沸石复混肥对盆栽油菜苗期不同阶段N、P、K养分吸收量,油菜籽产量及土壤性状的影响.结果表明:沸石复混肥处理与对照复混肥比较,在苗期的前2个月,油菜吸收的N、P、K均为前者大于后者,而在第3个月开始,为后者大于前者.从整个苗期来看,相比复混肥对照,沸石复混肥处理的油菜N、P、K养分吸收量均有所下降,其中磷吸收量随沸石复混肥中沸石比例的增大而明显下降.沸石能减轻土壤酸化程度,提高土壤pH值,降低EXC-Mn.沸石在复混肥中的比例以10%～15%的含量较为合适,相比对照复混肥,增产可达9.7%.     

Repeated handling of pigs during rearing. II. Effect of reactivity to humans on aggression during mixing and on meat quality

The present study was designed to determine whether reactivity toward humans can be used to predict a pig's reactivity to the slaughter procedure as measured by postmortem muscle metabolism. Forty-two pigs were group-reared in six pens with straw-bedding. Pigs received regular positive (HI) or mildly negative (RC) handling training in a separate pen for 40 d before slaughter. Control pigs remained in their home pens throughout rearing. Pigs were slaughtered at a commercial packing plant, and half of each treatment group (HI, RC, or controls) was accompanied by the handler throughout mixing and transportation, as well as a portion of the lairage time and introduction to the holding pens situated before the slaughter room, whereas the other half was not accompanied by the handler. Muscle pH and temperature, objective color (L*, a*, and b* values), and drip loss were measured on the LM, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and adductor femoris. Prior handling experience did not in itself influence ultimate meat quality (P > 0.37); however, the presence of the negative handler (RC pigs) at slaughter accelerated (P < 0.06) preslaughter glycogen breakdown in the LM. Fighting behavior during mixing explained between 13 and 32% of the variability of lightness (L* values) of the LM, biceps femoris, and semimembranosus. Visual contact with the handler at the start of the handling training and number of fights initiated explained between 31 and 42% of the variability in ultimate muscle pH. Latency to approaching the handler during human exposure tests explained 20% of the variability in initial muscle temperature of two muscles. Fighting behavior during mixing could be partly predicted from fighting during a food competition test conducted at the start of the rearing period. Results indicate that reactivity to humans and the tendency to fight determined, in part, meat quality in pigs of similar genetic and rearing backgrounds. These behavioral characteristics were, to some extent, determined early in life. Handling experience modified behavior toward the handler but correlations between behavioral characteristics and meat quality were not influenced by prior handling experience.     

灌水模式对不同品种冬小麦群体生长特性和产量及蛋白质含量的影响

为筛选推荐节水高产品种提供依据,研究了不同灌水模式对冬小麦群体动态和产量及蛋白质含量的影响.以泰山23、泰山223、山农6号和石家庄8号为试验材料,设置3种灌水方式,印W1底墒水(生育期不浇水)、W2底墒水+春1水(拔节水-孕穗期)和W3底墒水+拔节水+开花水.主要研究了不同灌水方式下4个品种的产量构成因素、叶面积指数、干物质积累及籽粒蛋白质含量性状.结果表明,W1和W2、W3之间产量差异显著,W2和W3之间产量差异不显著,品种之间产量差异显著.叶面积和干物质积累量随着灌水次数的增加而增加,但不同品种之间表现不同,泰山23较其它3个品种变化较小.不同灌溉模式对试验品种均表现为随着灌水次数的增加蛋白质含量减少,W1显著高于W2和W3.根据本研究结果可知,说明泰山23具有较好产量潜力和品种适应性.     

碳水化合物的分配在玉米杂交种耐低氮中的作用

探明玉米耐低氮的生理机制有利于促进氮高效遗传改良的进度.本试验选用对氮反应有典型差异的两个玉米杂交种西玉3号和高光效1号,采用盆栽试验,设3个氮水平,探讨了苗期玉米对低氮环境的适应性机制,结果表明:两品种在高低氮条件下的地上部干物重差异都不显著,但冠/根比存在显著差异.在低氮下西玉3号的根长、根表面积及根重增加幅度大,超过高光效1号,因而它具有较强的截获氮素养分的能力,以适应低氮环境.低氮下西玉3号有较大的叶面积,可产生大量的光合产物.其叶片光合产生的可溶性糖向根系的大量运输,即有利于根系生长,又可以为氮的吸收同化提供充足的能量和碳架。     

中药产复康对免疫功能低下小鼠细胞因子的影响

[目的]研究产复康对免疫功能低下小鼠细胞因子的影响,为进一步研究其对机体免疫功能的影响提供基础：[方法]通过给小鼠2次皮下注射40mg/kg体重的环磷酰胺,建立免疫抑制模型,并分别以10、15、2．0g/kg的剂量灌服产复康,检测小鼠血清中细胞因子IL10、IL-2和TNFα水平的变化,[结果]单一灌服产复康明显提高了正常小鼠血清中的IL-1β、IL-2和TNFα水平;环磷酰胺降低了小鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-2和TNFQ水平;产复康显著提高免疫抑制小鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-2和TNFα水平。[结论]产复康能拮抗环磷酰胺的免疫抑制,提高机体的免疫功能。