黄河表层沉积物与稀土元素La~(3+)的交换吸附作用研究

采用现场采样及室内实验方法,研究了黄河表层沉积物与La^3 的交换吸附作用。结果表明,用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程均能较好地反映La^3 在沉积物表面上的等温吸附过程,但以Langmuir方程拟合程度更好,黄河表层沉积物对La^3 的吸附强烈地受控于pH值在2-12这一宽广的pH范围内,La^3 黄河表层沉积物的交换吸附呈现随pH的增加而增大的总体趋势,在pH为2-7的范围内,随pH的增大,La^3 的吸附量逐渐增加,并在pH为6-7时达到最高值;当pH＞7时,随Ph的增大,La^3 的吸附量基本保持恒定,沉积物去除有机质后吸附能力下降了12.71%,与颗粒物中稀上元素有机物结合态所占比例相当.     

多黏类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa菌株P1防治黄瓜霜霉病的研究

通过离体叶片筛选法,得到1株对黄瓜霜霉病原菌有较强抑制作用的多黏类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa菌株P1。通过液体发酵和剂型处理,将P1制成含量2×10⁹ cfu/mL的悬浮剂分别进行室内和大田药效测试。室内药效试验结果表明,P1-SC悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病的防治效果与用药浓度呈正相关。当使用浓度为1.25×10⁷ cfu/mL时,P1悬浮剂对霜霉病的防治效果与化学农药250 g/L嘧菌酯SC的相似;当使用浓度为5.0×10⁷ cfu/mL时,防治效果显著大于嘧菌酯(P≤0.05)。2017年和2018年连续两年大田药效测试结果显示,经P1-SC处理(3000 mL/hm²)的黄瓜植株霜霉病病情指数(2.53,2.48)显著低于经250 g/L嘧菌酯SC(600 mL/hm²)处理的植株(4.33、6.22),防治效果(86.16%,89.90%)显著高于后者(76.34%、74.95%)(P≤0.05)。     

饲粮氮水平对牦牛瘤胃发酵及营养物质消化代谢特征的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮不同氮水平对牦牛瘤胃发酵及营养物质消化代谢特征的影响.试验选择4头体重相近[(148.5±9.2)kg]的3岁去势天祝白牦牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,试验共分4期,每期21 d,4个饲粮氮水平[干物质(DM)基础]分别为低氮[粗蛋白质(CP)8.98%]、中低氮(CP 12.36%)、中高氮(CP 15...     

分子标记辅助选择改良水稻恢复系香5的病虫抗性

香5是由湖北省农科院选育的优质两系杂交稻恢复系,所配组合广两优5号(广占63-4S/香5)于2013年通过了湖北省审定.利用回交和分子标记辅助选择技术,将供体亲本MD12086-1351中的抗稻瘟病基因Pi9、抗褐飞虱基因Bph14、Bph15和抗白叶枯病基因Xa23渗入到香5背景中,育成了3个同时携带Pi9、Bph14、Bph15和Xa23基因的新株系.鉴定结果表明,新株系的叶瘟抗性明显提高,穗颈瘟抗性部分提高,苗期抗褐飞虱,分蘖盛期高抗白叶枯病;产量、主要农艺性状、香味和稻米品质主要指标与香5相似.新株系所配的组合在产量、主要农艺性状上与香5所配的组合相似.表明新株系可以作为香5的替代系用于培育抗稻瘟病、抗褐飞虱和抗白叶枯病的两系杂交稻新组合.     

Molecular detection of sugarcane striate virus and sugarcane white streak virus and their prevalence in the Miami World Collection of sugarcane and related grasses

Viruses in the genus Mastrevirus (family Geminiviridae), including those infecting sugarcane, have natural geographical ranges almost exclusively restricted to Africa and the Indian Ocean islands off the African coast. Only sugarcane white streak virus (SWSV) in Barbados and sugarcane striate virus (SStrV) in Florida and Guadeloupe are known to infect a few sugarcane varieties in the Western Hemisphere. In this study, PCR assays were developed to detect these two viruses in sugarcane. Five hundred and seventy-one DNA samples from Saccharum species and interspecific hybrids from the Miami World Collection of sugarcane and related grasses were tested for the presence of SStrV and SWSV by PCR. No variety was found infected by SWSV but SStrV was detected in 19 varieties. PCR data were confirmed by sequencing amplified fragments (248 bp). These fragments shared 93%–100% nucleotide identity with SStrV sequences from the GenBank database. SStrV isolates were distributed in six phylogenetic groups, including the four strains of the virus. Most varieties infected by SStrV originated from Asia, thus confirming a previous hypothesis stating that this virus originated from this continent. Absence of SStrV in commercial sugarcane in Florida also suggested that this virus has not been spread in this location, while infected plants have been present for several decades.     

全基因组SNP分型技术在畜禽遗传育种研究中的应用

随着畜禽资源分子鉴定、物种进化、全基因组育种等热点领域的逐渐兴起,准确的全基因组SNP分型成为了畜禽基因组研究的关键。基因芯片、重测序、简化基因组测序及靶向捕获测序等全基因组SNP分型技术已广泛应用于畜禽基因组研究中。本文概述了全基因组SNP分型技术的原理及其在全基因组关联分析、选择信号分析和畜禽遗传资源背景分析等方面的应用,以期为畜禽基因组研究和育种应用提供借鉴和参考。     

基于生态系统服务价值的宁夏区域生态补偿研究

采用宁夏回族自治区第二次土地调查和《宁夏统计年鉴2011》中的数据,运用相关公式,计算宁夏不同主体功能区和各县市区单位面积生态系统服务价值和生态补偿优先级(ECPS)。结果表明:宁夏限制开发生态区泾源、彭阳、隆德、红寺堡等县区单位面积生态系统服务价值和生态补偿优先级明显高于银川市辖区、石嘴山市辖区等重点开发区,后者应对前者进行生态补偿。     

Movement patterns of armado, Pterodoras granulosus, in the Paraná River Basin

Abstract –  We studied the migratory behaviour of armado, Pterodoras granulosus , in the Paraná River Basin of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, during 1997–2005. This species invaded the Upper Paraná River after upstream dispersal was facilitated when Itaipu Reservoir inundated a natural barrier. Fish were tagged ( N  = 8051) in the mainstems of the Yacyreta and Itaipu reservoirs, bays of major tributaries, the Paraná River floodplain above Itaipu Reservoir, and below dams. In all, 420 fish were recaptured of which 61% moved away from the release area. Fish moved a maximum of 215 km (mean 42), and at a maximum rate of 9.4 km·day⁻¹ (mean 0.6). Of the 256 armados that moved away from the release site, 145 moved upstream towards unimpounded stretches of the Paraná River and 111 moved downstream into the reservoir and bays of its tributaries (maximum 150 km). Based on the observed migratory movements, we suspect that most of the reproductive output originates in tributaries to the reservoirs. The ability of this species to expand its range presents a conundrum by pitting fishery management interests against conservation needs. Maintenance of the important armado fisheries depends on the ability of the species to migrate freely to use spawning and nursery areas in reservoir tributaries and floodplains. However, its ability to migrate long distances can allow this non-native species the opportunity to invade most of the Upper Paraná River.     

Influence of the stage of ripeness on phenolic metabolism and antioxidant activity in table grapes exposed to different CO2 treatments

We have analyzed the influence of the stage of ripeness on L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene expression, accumulation of anthocyanins and total phenolics, and on antioxidant activity in the skin of table grapes treated with 20% CO₂ + 20% O₂ + 60 % N₂ for 3 or 6 d at low temperature (0 °C). The residual effect of high CO₂ treatment after transfer to air was also studied. In early harvested grapes, neither the anthocyanin content nor the accumulation of VcPAL mRNA was affected by any of the CO₂ treatments applied. However, in late harvested grapes, the duration of high CO₂ treatment determined its effect and a 6 d treatment with CO₂ sustained higher levels of total phenolics and anthocyanin accumulation, and VcPAL expression than observed in untreated late harvested grapes. The increased antioxidant capacity was correlated with the total amount of phenolics and anthocyanins. Conversely, in grapes treated for 3 d with CO₂ the phenylpropanoid pathway did not appear to be induced and a relationship between antioxidant activity and anthocyanins was not observed. Thus, further studies are needed to identify the most important antioxidants in these treated fruit.     

Evaluation,tissue culture propagation,and dissemination of ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ plantains in Costa Rica

Fruit characteristics of the disease-resistant bluggoe-type (ABB) cooking bananas (Musa × paradisiaca L.) ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ were compared with those of the susceptible ‘Currare’ (‘Horn’). Yields of ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ were similar to those of ‘Currare’; however, ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ yielded fewer hands with a greater number of small fruit when compared with ‘Currare’. Shoot-tip cultures of both clones were readily initiated on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Propagation cultures were initiated by splitting shoot tips along their longitudinal axis and re-culturing the individual pieces to basal medium supplemented with 5 mg l^?1 BA. Transfer of axillary shoots to hormone-free medium resulted in rapid and extensive root formation. Plantlet survival after transfer to methyl bromide-treated soil exceeded 90%. Establishment in the field was achieved following procedures normally used for vegetative propagation of this crop. Trial plantings of in vitro propagated ‘Saba’ and ‘Pelipita’ were established in various provinces of Costa Rica for grower evaluation and for future comparison of growth and reproductive development with plants of these and other cultivars propagated from corms.