保持系稻株对孕穗期干旱胁迫伤害与补水修复的育性响应

以负压式土壤湿度计和取土烘干法双重监控盆栽试验的土壤水势变化,观测我国14个常用水稻保持系的孕穗期耐旱性,并以干旱胁迫指数人为划分钝感、耐旱、不耐旱与敏感4个等级,其中K22-B、金23-B为孕穗期干旱胁迫钝感材料,珍汕97-B、中9-B为孕穗期干旱胁迫敏感材料,比较研究它们对干旱胁迫伤害的育性响应与补水修复的特征。结果表明,钝感或敏感保持系稻株主穗耐旱性均强于分蘖穗,粒位间强势粒耐旱性均高于弱势粒。这一生物学现象似"植物顶端优势"的逆境生理学表现。比较孕穗期中花粉母细胞减数分裂期、花粉粒形成期与花粉粒充实期的耐旱性,花粉粒充实期耐旱性最弱,花粉母细胞减数分裂期耐旱性较强。孕穗期干旱后补水对结实伤害的恢复效果明显,尤其对耐旱性强的保持系稻株修复更明显,主要途径是降低秕谷率而不降低空壳率,表明干旱胁迫育性损伤是不可逆的。     

不同地理种群灰飞虱基于Co Ⅱ基因的系统发育分析

对9个灰飞虱地理种群的Co Ⅱ(Cytochrome oxidase Ⅱ基因进行克隆测序,并提交GenBank(EU728817～EU728826)。序列分析结果显示:不同灰飞虱地理种群的Co Ⅱ基因同源性非常高(99%以上),且无明显的种群差异;而灰飞虱和白背飞虱的Co Ⅱ基因的同源性相对较低(约80%),表现出了种间差异,表明Co Ⅱ基因可能不适合用于研究灰飞虱地理种群的划分,同时也说明Co Ⅱ基因较适合用于亲缘关系较近的种间系统发育研究。     

芝麻轻简栽培技术试验初报

通过对芝麻免耕撒播、免耕条播的3种密度试验表明:免耕撒播种植密度为18万株/hm2时能获得较高产量,且高于对照,但差异不显著;纯收入达9912.5元/hm2,较对照增收54.58%。因此,免耕撒播具有轻便、省工、增产、增效的优点。     

世界海洋生物资源开发现状研究

从捕捞和养殖两方面分析了世界各国海洋生物资源开发情况,介绍了几种新型海洋产业,并在此基础上对我国海洋生物资源的开发提出了几点建议。     

三元甘氨酰-L-缬氨酸-铜(Ⅱ)-多吡啶配合物SOD活性及电化学性质

应用改进的氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)光照还原法研究了甘氨酰-L-缬氨酸-铜(Ⅱ)-多吡啶型配合物:[Cu(Gly-L-Val)(Phen)].3H2O(1)、[Cu(Gly-L-Val)(Tatp)].2H2O(2)、[Cu(Gly-L-Val)(Dppz)].2H2O(3)[其中:Gly-L-Val=甘氨酰-L-缬氨酸;Phen=1,10-邻菲咯啉;Tatp=1,4,8,9-四氮三联苯;Dppz=二吡啶并(3,2-a:2′,3′-c)吩嗪]在水溶液中催化超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)歧化分解活性,并用循环伏安法研究了配合物的电化学性质.结果表明:3种配合物均具有良好的SOD活性,表观催化速率常数分别为1.03×107、0.96×107和0.79×107L.mol-1.s-1.     

芝麻种质资源茎点枯病抗性鉴定研究

对52份芝麻种质资源的茎点枯病抗性进行了鉴定,结果显示:(1)52份供试种质感病严重,病株率39.05%¹00%,平均87.04%,病情指数为0.30100%,平均87.04%,病情指数为0.30¹.00,平均0.82,没有发现免疫资源;(2)聚类分析表明,感病种质37份,占参试材料的71.15%,抗病种质15份,占28.85%;(3)参试材料中地方种质茎点枯病抗性要优于改良品种(系),且种质间的差异较大;(4)本研究鉴定出来的青麻、丰城白芝麻、赣芝9号等15份抗茎点枯病种质可以在芝麻育种及其抗性改良中加以利用。     

Environmental Impacts of Chemicals for Snow and Ice Control: State of the Knowledge

As chemicals are widely used for snow and ice control of highway and airfield pavements or aircrafts, recent years have seen increased concerns over their potentially detrimental effects on the surrounding environment. The abrasives used for winter operations on pavements are also a cause of environmental concerns. After some background information, this paper presents a review of the environmental impacts of chemicals used for snow and ice control, including those on: surface, ground, and drinking waters; soil; flora; and fauna. The paper provides a state-of-the-art survey of published work (with a focus on those in the last two decades) and examines mainly the impacts of abrasives, chlorides, acetates and formates, urea, glycols, and agro-based deicers. Finally, we conclude with a brief discussion of public perception of such impacts and best management practices (BMPs) to mitigate them.     

IFN-γR和ER在大鼠下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴中的共表达

为了探索干扰素-γ受体(IFN-γR)和雌激素受体(ER)在大鼠下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴中的相互关系,用免疫组化Max Vision双标法,对正常成年雌性SD大鼠下丘脑、垂体、卵巢中IFN-γR和ER共表达情况及分布特点进行了研究。结果表明,IFN-γR和ER双标记阳性细胞广泛存在于大鼠下丘脑多个核团中,并且也分布在垂体和卵巢组织中;IFN-γR阳性产物主要存在于细胞质中,少数为全细胞着色;ER阳性产物主要存在于整个细胞中,部分为核表达。推测γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)和雌激素在大鼠下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴中,以其各自的受体为介导进行两种物质间的信息传递,以此共同参与机体的神经免疫内分泌调节。     

性格双重性与性别二元对立的消解——论《查特莱夫人的情人》

《查特莱夫人的情人》是劳伦斯探讨男女两性关系的一部重要小说, 小说通过描写男女主人公的完美结合表达了他两性理论中理想的男女关系。本文力图展现这种人物性格的双重性, 分析这种双重性的塑造消解了性别的二元对立, 从而达到了这种理想的两性平衡关系。     

Genetic diversity and species delimitation in the cultivated and wild Guinea yams (Dioscorea spp.) from Southwest Ethiopia as determined by AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers

Yams (Dioscorea spp.) rank as the fourth most important root and tuber crop after potatoes, cassava and sweet potatoes. They are an economic crop in most of the tropics especially in West Africa, which produces over 95 % of the world output. Despite their cultural and economic importance there is taxonomic confusion regarding Guinea yams. The currently used classification scheme, which relies on vegetative and inflorescence characters, does not consistently delimit species boundaries between members of Guinea yams (D. cayenensis Lam.–D. rotundata Poir. complex), their wild relatives (D. abyssinica Kunth and D. praehensilis Benth.,) and D. sagittifolia Pax. Establishing the taxonomic identity of the germplasm and understanding the systematic relationships among crops is vital to the management of genetic resources and the utilization of accessions. In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genetic fingerprinting was used to evaluate and characterize 43 individual plants, belonging to different populations of wild and cultivated Guinea yams. The three primer combinations used in the AFLP analyses generated 158 scorable bands, with an overall polymorphism of 78 %. Ordination and cluster analyses of AFLP data failed to produce any clear species boundary between either the Guinea yam accessions or between them and their wild relatives. The average genetic similarity between the study individuals of Guinea yams and their wild relatives ranged from 60 to 100 %. The first, second and third principal coordinates axes cumulatively account for 77.45 % of the total variation. AFLP analyses also revealed a higher genetic divergence among cultivated Guinea yam accessions of the Sheko cultivars. Ordination and cluster analysis using UPGMA revealed no clear species boundaries between members of the complex. Thus, the taxonomy of these “species” needs to be revisited using other markers.