黑芝麻杂种优势研究

研究了黑芝麻两系杂种F1产量的超亲(父本)优势,其范围为-7.59%~61.22%,平均优势达31.05%,杂种F1产量及其构成性状的平均优势大小依次为单株产量>单株有效蒴数>千粒重>每蒴粒数。杂种F1产量与果轴长度及产量构成性状呈极显著正相关,与株高和生育期呈显著相关。亲子(杂种F1与父本)间的关系密切程度则表现为单株有效蒴数>单株产量>千粒重>每蒴粒数。     

宁波地区南美白对虾白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）的检测与分析

为了解浙江宁波地区南美白对虾白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）的流行情况,为科学防控该病提供参考依据,应用PCR方法对2004～2008年采自宁波地区对虾养殖场的1201份南美白对虾样品进行WSSV检测。结果表明,1201份样品中有364份样品呈阳性,总阳性率为30.31%;2004～2008年的WSSV年平均阳性检出率均较高,且呈不规律变化,其中以2006年南美白对虾白斑综合征发病最严重,阳性感染率达42.66%,但2006～2008年WSSV的年平均阳性检出率呈下降趋势。     

Integrating recreational fisheries data into stock assessment: implications for model performance and subsequent harvest strategies

Understanding the impacts of recreational fishing on commercially fished stocks is becoming increasingly relevant for fisheries managers. However, data from recreational fisheries are not commonly included in stock assessments of commercially fished stocks. Simulation models of two assessment methods employed in Australia's Commonwealth fisheries were used to explore how recreational fishery data can be included, and the likely consequences for management. In a data‐poor management strategy for blue eye trevalla, Hyperoglyphe antarctica (Carmichael), temporal trends in recreational catch most affected management outcomes. In a data‐rich age‐structured stock assessment for striped marlin, Kajikia audax (Philippi), estimates of stock status were biased when recreational catches were large or when the recreational fishery targeted different size classes than the commercial fishery and these data were not integrated into the assessment. Including data from recreational fishing can change perceptions of stock status and impact recommendations for harvest strategies and management action. An understanding of recreational fishery dynamics should be prioritised for some species.     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

Iodine‐enriched rotifers and Artemia prevent goitre in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae reared in a recirculation system

To study the effect of dietary supplementation of iodine in Solea senegalensis, larvae were randomly distributed in six tanks. Larvae in three tanks were given rotifers and Artemia enriched with iodine in addition to Rich Advance or Super Selco from 2 days after hatch (DAH) until 31 DAH. Larvae in a second set of three tanks were fed control rotifers and Artemia, enriched only with Rich Advance or Super Selco. Samples were collected at 2, 5, 10, 15 and 31 DAH to determine dry weight, total length, myotome height and thyroid status. Larvae fed the iodine‐enriched diet had significantly higher weight at 31 DAH and higher levels of whole body iodine concentration, compared to control larvae. At 31 DAH, larvae from the control treatment showed typical goitrous thyroid follicles. Thyroid cells of larvae from this treatment appeared columnar or afollicular, with the colloid partly or completely depleted, representative of hyperplasia (goitre). The lower growth rate in fish larvae from the control treatment was possibly a consequence of the hyperplasia, and the iodine enrichment prevented Senegalese sole larvae from developing goitre. This study demonstrates the importance of iodine enrichment of live feed for fish reared in a recirculation system.     

斑马鱼端脑的微细形态与结构

为了深入了解斑马鱼端脑的微细形态和超微结构,采用光镜和电镜技术对斑马鱼端脑进行观察研究。斑马鱼端脑由左、右嗅球和左、右大脑半球构成。嗅球前方有一对嗅神经,后端伸出嗅茎与大脑半球联系。光镜下,嗅球组织结构从外向内依次为上皮层、神经纤维层、小细胞层和内部细胞层。大脑半球外部覆盖很薄的大脑皮,基部为纹状体,两者之间的腔隙为公共脑室。纹状体由神经核团和神经纤维构成。神经核团分布于纹状体周缘,主要有连前核、背嗅核、侧嗅核、视前核和脚内核等。神经纤维包括横行的前连合,纵行和斜行的中央嗅束和侧嗅束。电镜下,嗅球分层明显,可观察到僧帽细胞、神经胶质细胞和众多突触。大脑半球中可见神经胶质细胞、突触以及血脑屏障系统等。斑马鱼端脑形态结构与大多数硬骨鱼相似,但有个别核团存在差异。实验结果可为斑马鱼神经生物学模型的建立与应用提供有效的理论基础。     

Rayleigh-benard convection in an electrochemical redox cell

Damped voltage oscillations occur when current steps are applied to a cell consisting of a thin layer of Fe(111)/Fe(11) electrolyte sandwiched between horizontal, parallel, platinized platinum electrodes. The upper electrode must be the anode, and the magnitude of the current must be larger than a threshold value. The oscillations signal the onset of convection in the fluid. The experiment provides a new method for investigating transient convection processes.     

芝麻繁育特性研究Ⅴ：花粉活力与柱头可授性

比较分析直接观察法、醋酸洋红染色法、I₂-KI染色法、无机酸法、MTT染色法、TTC染色法和FDA荧光检测法在芝麻花粉活力上的检测效果,监测芝麻花粉活力的日变化情况,并采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法和不同时间直接授粉法对芝麻柱头可授性的日变化进行研究。结果表明：（1）直接观察法、TTC染色法和FDA荧光检测法不适合芝麻花粉活力的检测,而醋酸洋红染色法、I₂-KI 染色法、无机酸法和MTT染色法等4种方法可用于芝麻花粉活力检测,其中,醋酸洋红染色法操作简单、易于观察。（2）芝麻花粉活力的日变化表现为不断下降趋势,在7:30-9:30最高,11:30-17:30不断下降,达显著水平。（3）联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定的芝麻柱头可授性的日变化表现为先升后降,早晨7:30时已有很高的可授性,随后稍有升高, 9:30时达到最高值,11:30后随时间推延呈显著下降趋势。（4）不同时间直接授粉法测得芝麻授粉时间越晚,结蒴率越低,7:30时具有最高的结蒴率;相对结实率在7:30-11:30时差异不明显,均处在较高状态,13:30后开始不断显著下降。（5）花粉活力、柱头可授性、结蒴率和相对结实率等4个指标的日变化值的相关分析结果表明,4个指标相互之间的相关性均呈极显著正相关,其中柱头可授性与相对结实率的相关系数最大,达 0.940。     

Prevalence and patterns of same-gender sexual contact among men

The prevalence and patterns of same-gender sexual contact among men are key components of models of the spread of HIV infection and AIDS in the U.S. population. Previous estimates by Kinsey et al. from data collected between 1938 and 1948 have been widely criticized for inadequacies of sample design. New lower-bound estimates of prevalence developed from data from a national sample survey conducted in 1970 indicate that minimums of 20.3 percent of adult men in the United States in 1970 had sexual contact to orgasm with another man at some time in life; 6.7 percent had such contact after age 19; and between 1.6 and 2.0 percent had such contact within the previous year. Although these estimates incorporate adjustments for missing data, the likelihood of underreporting suggests that these estimates might be lower bounds on the prevalence of same-gender sex among men. Two sets of alternative estimates are derived to assess the sensitivity of these estimates to the assumptions made in imputing values to missing data. Detailed estimates are presented by frequency of contact, age, education, and marital status; and supporting estimates are derived from a 1988 national survey. Data from both the 1970 and 1988 surveys indicate that never-married men are more likely than other men to have had same-gender sexual contacts within the last year. The 1970 survey also indicates, however, that approximately half the men estimated to have such contacts are found among the more numerous population of currently or previously married men.