连续低剂量黄曲霉毒素B1对大鼠肝肾损伤作用

用含有不同质量浓度黄曲霉素B1（AFB1）（0、4、20、25、50μg／kg）的污染饲料连续饲喂各试验组大鼠60d,于7、15、30、60d静脉取血,测定各组大鼠肝功能与肾功能生化指标。每周检测大鼠体质量,试验第60天断头处死大鼠,检测肝肾组织病理学变化并计算各组大鼠的脏体系数。试验期间备组受试动物未发现明显的中毒症状和异常情况,60d内无受试动物死亡。与对照相比,不同剂量组AFB1对大鼠体质量无显著性影响;连续喂饲7d,大鼠血清AST和BuN含量显著升高（P〈0．05）;连续喂饲15d,大鼠血清AsT、BUN和ALB含量显著升高（P〈0．05）,连续喂饲30d,大鼠血清BUN含量显著升高（P〈0．05）,连续喂饲60d,大鼠血清CR和BUN含量显著升高（P〈0．05）。在各测试质量浓度条件下,大鼠虽未发现明显的中毒症状和异常情况,试验期间无动物死亡,但与空白对照相比,各剂量组AFBl对大鼠均产生了显著的肝肾组织病理学损伤,中毒程度与给毒剂量成正相关性。随着毒素暴露时间延长,大鼠肝脏对低剂量AFBl表现出一定的耐受性,而大鼠的肾脏损伤与毒素暴露时间表现出显著的积累效应。     

饲料中添加不同水平醋糟对獭兔肉品质的影响研究

为研究醋糟作为粗纤维饲料对獭兔肉品质的影响,选择90日龄健康的生长獭兔180只,随机分成6组,分别饲喂6种不同比例醋糟替代谷草与小米壳(0%、7%、14%、21%、28%和35%)的饲粮。结果表明:各组氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05);在人体必需氨基酸含量方面,各试验组都有一定程度的提高,其中35%组最高(P>0.05);兔肉中蛋白、灰分与水分含量各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。脂肪含量35%组与对照组接近,与21%组差异显著(P<0.05);各组滴水损失、熟肉率及剪切力差异不显著(P>0.05);肉色方面,35%组与对照组最低;在pH值方面,对照组与各试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,从兔肉的营养价值和饲料成本等综合考虑,在獭兔日粮中添加35%的醋糟对肉品质效果较好。     

Phylogenetic analysis of S1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from China

Between 2006 and 2009, seven strains of infectious bronchitis (IB) virus (IBV) were isolated from vaccinated chicken flocks on different chicken farms in China. The pathogenic characters of seven IBV strains were assessed. Each of the seven strains was infective to the test chickens and could induce an immune response. The results from chicken embryo cross-neutralization assays showed that these strains were antigenically distinct from classic IBV strains of H120, M41, Conn, and Gray. Compared to H120 vaccine strain, point mutation, short insertion, and deletion occurred at many positions in the S1 protein of the seven strains. Five of the seven strains had the motif (HRRRR), which was identical to that of the epidemic IBV strains in China. Two new motifs (HRLRR and RRIRR) emerged in the isolated strains. The homology of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the S1 gene among the seven isolates was 81.7%-99.7% and 79.0%-99.4%, respectively. These seven strains were also genetically different from the vaccine strains and non-China IBV strains but closely related to large numbers of Chinese strains. The seven isolates and 36 reference IBV strains were clustered into six distinct groups (I-VI). The seven strains were categorized into groups I, II, and III, forming a big phylogenetic branch, which is closely related to Chinese IBVs, whereas the vaccine strains belonging to group VI are genetically distant from groups I, II, and III. The results from this study indicate that different IBV strains cocirculate in the chicken population in China.     

意蜂采用2,3日龄工蜂幼虫产浆的研究

对意蜂采用２和３日龄工蜂幼虫产浆的王台接受率和不同时间取浆浆量进行了研究。研究结果显示：①２日龄工蜂幼虫的王台接受率（８２．４２％）与采用３日龄幼虫的（８１．２１％）无显著差异;②２和３日龄幼虫产浆的台平均产浆量最高峰分别在各自移虫后第６０小时和第４８小时,浆量较高时段分别在移虫后上时和第４２－５４小时;③２日龄幼虫产浆最高时段台平产浆量（０．３７５４ｇ）极显著高于３日龄的（０．３１５７ｇ）但采用     

大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖的室内毒力及田间防效

采用大蒜精油对灰荼尺蠖进行了室内及田间药效试验,结果表明大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖的致死中浓度(LC50)为1038.60 mg/L,50％大蒜精油100～250倍液对灰荼尺蠖低龄幼虫具有良好的速效性和持效性,建议生产中可在灰茶尺蠖1～2龄幼虫发生期喷施100～250倍液大蒜精油.这一结果为开发大蒜精油作为茶树主要害虫的新型低...     

Effects of day and night temperature on photosynthesis,antioxidant enzyme activities,and endogenous hormones in tomato leaves during the flowering stage

To study the effects of day and night temperature difference (DIF) on tomato growth, a controlled experiment using Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Jinguan 5 was conducted. The daily mean temperature (T_m) was maintained at 18°C and 25°C, and the DIF was set at 0°C, 6°C, and 12°C. The results indicated that chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) gradually increased as DIF rose. At 18°C T_m, the carotenoid content reached a maximum at 12°C DIF. The Chl a/Chl b, net photosynthetic rate (P_N), photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation (P_max), stomatal conductance (g_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), stomatal limitation value, the maximum assimilation rate (A_max), apparent quantum efficiency (A_q), carboxylation efficiency (C_e), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), gibberellin A₃ (GA₃), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were highest, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was lowest at 6°C DIF. At 25°C T_m, P_N, P_max, A_max, A_q, C_e, g_s, C_i, CAT, POD, GA₃, IAA, and zeatin reached the maximum under 6°C DIF, while SOD and MDA reached the maximum under 12°C DIF. Furthermore, the morphological index peaked at 6°C DIF under 18°C and 25°C T_m. The results suggested that 6°C DIF improved the growth and development of tomato during the flowering stage. ABBREVIATIONS: Aq – apparent quantum efficiency; Amax – the maximum assimilation rate; CAT – Catalase; Chl a(b) – chlorophyll a(b); Ca – ambient CO₂ concentration; Ce – carboxylation efficiency; Ci – intercellular CO₂ concentration; DIF – difference between day temperature (TD) and night temperature(TN); FM – fresh mass; gs – stomatal conductance; GA₃ – gibberellin A₃; IAA – indole-3-acetic acid; Ls – stomatal limitation value; MDA – malondialdehyde; Pmax – photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation; PN – net photosynthetic rate; POD – peroxidase; ROS – reactive oxygen species; SOD – superoxidedismutase; Tm – daily mean temperature; ZT – zeatin.     

内陆河湿地芦苇叶功能性状特征及其对土壤环境因子的响应

植物功能性状是连接植物与外界环境的重要桥梁,其在不同环境梯度下的变化表现出了对异质环境的适应机制。本文以敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区克隆植物芦苇（Phragmites australis）为研究对象,设置了未退化、轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化4个梯度样地,研究环境异质条件下芦苇叶功能性状特征及其对土壤环境因子的响应。结果表明：①各环境梯度下,芦苇叶功能性状特征变化显著（P<0.05）,叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重随环境梯度退化呈下降趋势,比叶面积随梯度退化呈上升趋势;②芦苇各叶功能性状间呈协同变化的特征,叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重之间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,比叶面积与叶长、叶干重呈显著负相关（P<0.05）;③ 叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重与土壤表层（0~30 cm）、中层（30~60 cm）水分呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,而与土壤表层、中层含盐量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,说明土壤表层与中层的水分与盐分是芦苇叶功能性状最主要的驱动力。研究结果对干旱区内陆河湿地的保护、生态恢复及管理具有重要的指导意义。     

5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜室内毒力及田间防效

为了明确5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜的适宜施药剂量,开展了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验.结果 表明,1％甲维盐EC对枸杞棉蚜的毒力最高,50％噻虫嗪WG毒力最低,24 h LC50分别为2.44 mg/L和1875.69 mg/L.5种药剂毒力大小依次为甲维盐＞啶虫脒＞吡蚜酮＞呋虫胺＞噻虫嗪.田间试验结果表明,随着施药时间的延长,...     

半湿润区斑地锦入侵后马铃薯的光合响应

试验以无斑地锦入侵条件为对照,研究半湿润区斑地锦入侵对马铃薯叶片光合色素含量、PSⅡ荧光特性和吸收光能分配的影响.结果表明,斑地锦入侵后,马铃薯叶片5-氨基乙酰丙酸、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率Fv/Fm、PSⅡ有效光化学量子产率Fv’/Fm’、光化学量子效率ΦPSⅡ、表观光合电子传递速率ET...