我国木地板标准体系的构建

根据标准实施情况,对我国现有木地板标准进行分类,分析现有木地板标准体系存在的问题,提出进一步完善木地板标准体系的建议.     

浅谈湖南省林权制度改革后林业有害生物防控体系建设

湖南省是林业有害生物危害的重灾区.本文分析了我省林权制度改革后出现的有害生物防控新问题、新形势,并就林业有害生物防控体系建设的目标与原则、建设的主要内容等进行了阐述.     

Effects of salinity and desalination on seed germination of six annual weed species

The effects of various salinities and desalination on seed germination of six annual glycophytes (Artemisia sieversiana, A. scoparia, Chloris virgata, Eragrostis pilosa, Chenopodium acuminatum and Chenopodium glaucum) were studied in Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, China. NaCl solutions of five concentrations (0 mM, as the control, and 50, 100, 200 and 300 mM) were used for saline stress and desalination treatments. Increasing salinity significantly reduced germination percentages of A. sieversiana, A. scoparia, Ch.virgata and Ch. acuminatum, but had no effect on the germination percentages of E. pilosa. Lower salinity levels (50 mM) significantly increased germination percentage of Ch. glaucum. High salinity might be a precondition for germi- nation after desalination for five of the six species, excepting E. pilosa at NaCl concentration of 300 mM in comparison with non-primed seeds. Higher salinity (>200 mM) led to some specific ion toxicity and reduced seed viability of A. sieversiana. No specific ion toxicity but an osmotic effect limited the germination of other five species was observed The final germination percentages (salinity stress and desalination) of the six species showed three variations in comparison with the controls, namely, indiscrimination, stimulation, and reduction. Germination responses to salinity and desalination suggested that the six species were separated into three categories. Three species (A. sieversiana, Ch. virgata and Ch. acuminatum) showed similar germination responses to salinity with those of halophyte, but also showed a lower tolerance limit than most halophytes, although this was not always the case. A. scoparia and Ch. glaucum exhibited some ’salt stimulation’ in seed germination percentages after desalination, whereas E. pilosa did not show any obvious responseto salinity. Therefore, salinity usually induces dormancy of seeds with strong germination capacity in fresh water, but has few, or even positive, effects on seeds with strong innate dormancy.     

阜新杨树优良品种繁育造林的几个问题

杨树是阜新市主要的造林绿化树种,杨树造林成功的关键是:一是造林时必须坚持"适地适树适品种"的原则;二是新品种引进和推广必须本着"一切经过试验"的方针,不能盲目淘汰优良老品种;三是田间管理的关键在于栽植后前3年的病虫害防治。通过多年调查、观察和分析得出结论:目前适合阜新地区发展的优良品种有小美旱、彰武小钻杨;欧美杨107、108号,适宜水肥条件较好的地块。     

北京密云石匣小流域水土保持措施对土壤侵蚀的影响研究

水土保持措施的实施可有效地控制土壤侵蚀 ,不同的水土保持措施存在不同的水土保持效益值。利用北京密云石匣共 2 0个坡面径流试验小区的野外观测资料 ,分析得出了北京石匣小流域不同水土保持措施下的水土保持效益值 ,其中免耕 (玉米 )为 0 .2 80 ,梯田 (玉米 )为 0 .142 ,人工草地为 0 .0 6 3,荒草地为 0 .0 45 ,水平条林地为0 .0 2 5 ,鱼鳞坑林地为 0 .0 19。人工草地、荒草地、水平条林地和鱼鳞坑林地有显著的水土保持效益 ,但它们之间的水土保持效益并无显著差别。坡耕地 (16 .8°)的年均侵蚀模数为 145 3.8t/ km2 ,远大于土壤自然形成速度和北方石质山区的允许土壤流失量。其研究结果可为土壤侵蚀模型预报、水土保持规划、环境治理和评估提供依据     

自组织竞争人工神经网络在土壤分类中的应用

利用自组织特征映射网络 (SOM网络 )的聚类功能 ,应用 MATL AB 5 .3软件编程 ,对三江平原地区的 2 1个土壤采样进行了分类 ,并与有关文献的模糊聚类分析结果进行了比较 ,指出 SOM网络可以很好地反映、提取土壤样本间复杂的信息 ,分类效果较好 ,可以在土壤分类中应用     

南亚热带三种典型植被土壤动物对模拟N沉降增加的早期响应

A field-scale experiment arranged in a complete randomized block design with three N addition treatments including a control （no addition of N）, a low N （5 g m^-2 year^-1）, and a medium N （10 g m^-2 year^-1） was performed in each of the three typical forests, a pine （Pinus massoniana Lamb.） forest （PF）, a pine-broadleaf mixed forest （MF） and a mature monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest （MEBF）, of the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in subtropical China to study the response of soil fauna community to additions of N. Higher NH4^＋ and NO3^- concentrations and a lower soil pH occurred in the medium N treatment of MEBF, whereas the NO3^- concentration was the lowest in PF after the additions of N. The response of the density, group abundance and diversity index of soil fauna to addition of N varied with the forest type, and all these variables decreased with increasing N under MEBF but the trend was opposite under PF. The N treatments had no significant effects on these variables under MF. Compared with the control plots, the medium N treatment had significant negative effect on soil fauna under MEBF. The group abundance of soil fauna increased significantly with additions of higher N rates under PF. These results suggested that the response of soil fauna to N deposition varied with the forest type and N deposition rate, and soil N status is one of the important factors affecting the response of soil fauna to N deposition.     

早熟芋艿平衡施肥技术研究

通过两年芋艿施肥田间试验，表明获得早熟芋艿高产、高效的施肥方案为N448．5kg／hm^2，P2O5 52．5kg／hm^2，K2O 180-270kg／hm^2，N-P2O5-K2O比例为1：0．12：0．40-0．60，并推荐有机无机复合肥与化肥配合施用，以获得更高的产量和效益。早熟芋艿生育期短，施用充足的氮肥才能保证芋艿在较短的生育期内获得较高的产量，芋艿还是一种喜钾作物，施用钾肥能明显促进芋艿高产；在土壤有效磷含量不足的情况下，施用磷肥能促进芋艿正常生长。     

4种农药对枇杷园土壤磷酸酶活性及微生物呼吸的影响

应用室内培养方法研究了甲基托布津、代森锰锌、杀灭菊酯、阿维菌素4种农药对枇杷园土壤磷酸酶活性及微生物呼吸的影响,并对4种农药进行了安全性评价。结果表明,经杀菌剂甲基托布津和代森锰锌处理的土壤,磷酸酶活性受到明显抑制,且抑制效果未见恢复。经杀灭菊酯和阿维菌素处理的土壤,磷酸酶活性变化呈现"抑制-恢复-激活"趋势;抑制作用随农药浓度的升高而增强;但7d后磷酸酶活性受到了一定程度的激活,35d达到最高值;高浓度杀灭菊酯和低浓度阿维菌素显示出较强的激活作用。农药对土壤微生物呼吸作用的影响初期表现为轻微激活,5d后出现抑制作用,12d后基本恢复正常,接近对照水平。通过安全性评价可知,供试4种农药对土壤微生物的危害较小,为无毒害或无实际危害的农药。     

大气污染物SO2对农作物环境的影响研究

按照某燃煤电厂扩建工程预测的大气SO_2浓度,模拟试验研究低浓度SO_2对小麦的慢性伤害和高浓度SO_2对玉米的急性伤害阈值结果表明,小麦“津85-3”和“绵阳15”减产5％的慢性伤害阈值剂量分别为8.329mg·h、20.519 mg·h,阈值浓度为0.043mg/m~3、0.122mg/m~3。高浓度SO_2对玉米三叶期幼株的急性伤害临界剂量为2.50mg/m~3×4h、4~92mg/m~3×2h和7.38mg/m~3×1h,当玉米叶片枯斑率达5％时其急性伤害阈值为5.90mg/m~3×8h、6.49mg/m~3×6h、11.80mg/m~3×4h、15.00mg/m~3×2h和17.00mg/m~3×1h。