沙拉沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及大肠杆菌病的药效学

为兽医临床合理应用沙拉星（Ｓarafloxacin）提供理论依据,就其对实验性感染猪链球菌 病及大肠杆菌病的药效学进行了研究。以试管２倍稀释法测得沙拉沙星对兰氏Ｃ群类马链球菌（Ｃ５５１２０）和猪大肠杆菌（Ｏ５５）的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）分别是０．８mg/Ｌ及０．０５mg/Ｌ。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和大肠杆菌病的试验性治疗结果不明,低、中 高剂量沙拉沙星组２．５、５、１０mg/kg）及环丙沙星组（５mg/kg）用药５d（每隔１２     

Vero E6细胞酵母双杂交cDNA文库的构建及鉴定

To seek out proteins which interact with structural proteins of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus （PEDV） in Vero E6 cells and study the mechanisms of viral infection.We created a Vero E6 cDNA yeast hybrid library. The total RNA of Vero E6 was extracted using Trizol method, and double strands cDNA was synthesized by SMART technique. We created a Vero E6 cDNA library by using homologous recombination in yeast. The results showed that the titer of cDNA library was 9.7×10⁸ CFU with the average of inserted fragments about 1.6 kb, and the recombination rate was 87%. These data indicated that the yeast two-hybrid cDNA library of Vero E6 was successfully constructed and might be useful for screening the host proteins interacting with structure protein of PEDV.     

冰鲜鸡生产链中沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及PFGE分型研究

为揭示冰鲜鸡生产链中沙门氏菌的分布及传播机制,本研究于2013年7月～2013年12月采集广东某大型一体化养鸡企业下属2个种鸡场、2个孵化场、2个肉鸡场、1个屠宰场和5个销售点样品,用常规法和PCR进行沙门氏菌的分离鉴定,并对分离出的沙门氏菌进行血清学鉴定和PFGE分子分型.种鸡场、肉鸡场、屠宰场和销售点的沙门氏菌的检出率分别为1.46%(7/480)、7.00%(21/300)、62.86%(22/35)和54.67%(41/75),孵化场雏鸡胎粪检出率为1.11%(2/180),死胚检出率为12.00%(9/75).屠宰和销售环节是沙门氏菌污染的重要环节,食品安全风险较高.102株沙门氏菌共产生24种不同的PFGE谱型,从不同环节分离到多组相似度为100%的沙门氏菌,表明冰鲜鸡生产链中存在沙门氏菌沿生产链传播的现象.     

规模化肉鸭场污水污染物排放及其影响分析

为了解规模化肉鸭场污水污染物排放及其对水环境污染现状,本试验选择河南省5个有代表性的规模化肉鸭场,对其所排放污水以及附近水体中的化学需氧量(COD)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)、悬浮物(SS)等污染物含量进行了分析,并利用单因子污染指数法对其污染程度进行评价.结果表明:鸭场排放污水中COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TP、SS的平均含量均超出《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》.其中COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TP属于较严重污染,而SS属于严重污染.鸭场下游水体中COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TP的平均含量均高出《地表水环境质量标准》,其中COD、BOD5、TP污染较严重,而NH3-N为严重污染.因此,规模化肉鸭场污水排放污染物指标全部超标,并且排放的污水对周围水环境造成不同程度的污染.     

鹅源H5N1亚型禽流感病毒感染SPF雏鸡免疫球蛋白含量的变化研究

以7日龄SPF雏鸡为试验动物,采用常规间接酶联免疫吸附试验(IELISA)法,对鹅源H5N1亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)感染SPF雏鸡后,其泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁的IgA、IgG、IgM含量的动态变化进行了检测.结果发现,鹅源H5N1亚型中强毒AIV感染SPF雏鸡后,其泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁的免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM含量均在1～3 d或1～4 d显著低于相应对照雏鸡(P＜0.05),而感染后第5天,上述被检指标开始升高,并于5～8 d或5～14 d,病毒感染雏鸡的IgA和IgM显著高于对照雏鸡(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).表明7日龄SPF雏鸡感染AIV后的早期,其消化道和呼吸道的体液免疫功能降低.     

长期高温对商品肉鸡和地方品种鸡肉质及风味的影响

选择体质量相近、健康的5周龄AA肉公鸡和北京油鸡公鸡各108只,评价持续高温对其胸肌肉质性状及风味物质含量的影响.试验设3个处理:34℃持续高温,自由采食(试验组,34AL);21℃适温,自由采食(适温对照组,21AL);21℃适温,采食量与34AL组相同(采食配对组,21PF).每个品种的鸡随机分在3个处理中,分别在3个人工环境控制舱中饲养,试验至8周龄结束.结果表明:在34℃环境温度下饲养3周后,AA肉鸡胸肌L*值和滴水损失增加(P<0.05),肌苷酸含量降低(P<0.01),肌内脂肪含量明显升高(P<0.01);热暴露北京油鸡胸肌肉质性状(除pHu外)及肌内脂肪、肌苷酸含量与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05).研究指出,持续34℃高温使AA肉鸡胸肌肉质有一定程度下降;而北京油鸡对高温的适应性较强,肌纤维对高温不敏感.     

日粮中添加不同浓度吡啶甲酸铬对生长肥育猪氧化作用的影响

本研究旨在观察日粮中持续添加不同浓度吡啶甲酸铬对生长肥育猪氧化作用的影响.选取30头(30±1)kg三元杂交型(杜×长×大)生长肥育猪,按体重、遗传基础和性别随机平均分成5个处理.5个处理分别饲喂铬的添加水平为0、200、800、1 600、3 200 ug/kg(以吡啶甲酸铬的形式添加)的日粮,试验期为80 d.试验第35天和第80天时,测定吡啶甲酸铬对动物血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,以及动物尿液中8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)的水平.试验结束时,屠宰动物并取肝脏和肾脏样品,分别测定这些组织中的SOD、GSH-Px、CAT的活力和MDA的水平.结果表明,日粮中长期添加高剂量(≥800 ug Cr/kg)的吡啶甲酸铬显著降低第80天时肥育猪血清中的SOD和肾脏中CAT的活性(P<0.05),但对其他指标都没有显著影响(P>0.05).结果提示,在生产肥育期全程(80 d)添加适宜量(200 ug Cr/kg)的吡啶甲酸铬不会造成猪的氧化损伤;添加16倍适宜量的吡啶甲酸铬导致猪血清SOD和肾CAT活性降低,但不引起脂质过氧化和DNA损伤.     

Effect of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Intestinal Structure of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on growth performance,immune function and intestinal structure of broilers. A total of 270 one-day-old healthy Tiejiaoma broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Control group was fed with the basal diet,group Ⅱ was fed with basal diet adding 8% flavomycin 60 mg/kg +15% aureomycin 270 mg/kg and group Ⅲ was fed with basal diet adding 1% Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The trial period lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follow:① At 21 days of age,the average daily feed intake of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the average daily gain and F/G among the three groups (P>0.05).②At 21 days of age,the thymus and bursa of Fabricius indexes of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05);But the spleen index were not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).③ At 21 days of age,the content of IgA and IgM in serum of groups Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IgG in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05).④At 21 days of age,the content of IL-2,TNF-α and sIgA in intestinal mucosa of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IL-6 in intestinal mucosa of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).⑤At 21 days of age,the villus height of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),the villus height/crypt depth of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). However,the crypt depth was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).In conclusion,that Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara could not affect the growth performance of broilers,but it could improve the development of immune organs,increase the secretion of serum immunoglobulin, promote the immune function of intestinal mucosa and intestinal morphology of jejunum.     

白羊草叶片和根系干旱胁迫下microRNAs差异表达分析

为了探索干旱胁迫下白羊草miRNAs的组织特异性,本研究在干旱胁迫下白羊草（Bothriochloa ischaemum）转录组数据的基础上,采用Illumina测序技术和生物信息学方法,对干旱胁迫和正常生长条件下白羊草苗期叶片和根系miRNAs（microRNAs）进行鉴定和表达分析研究。结果从4个库中鉴定出白羊草中有属于20个家族的79个已知miRNAs和92个新miRNAs。干旱胁迫后叶片和根系中差异表达的miRNAs分别有65个（上调28和下调37）和27个（上调15和下调12）。响应干旱胁迫的主要miRNAs为miR156,miR164,miR166,miR169,miR172,miR396,miR398,miR408,miR528。对这些miRNAs预测的靶基因进行GO生物功能和KEGG代谢通路富集分析表明,植物激素信号转导是叶片和根系响应干旱胁迫共同富集的主要代谢通路,而黄酮类化合物生物合成则是干旱胁迫下叶片富集的最主要代谢通路。     

杜蒙杂交母羊的繁殖规律研究

旨在研究杜蒙杂交母羊的繁殖规律。对内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市四子王旗范围内养殖的杜蒙杂交母羊（n=668）的首次发情时间、妊娠期、产羔率、产双羔率等指标数据进行整理;采用公羊试情方法,观察并记录杜蒙杂交母羊（n=302）的发情周期和发情持续时间。对上述指标数据进行分析,探究该地区杜蒙杂交母羊的繁殖规律。结果表明：杜蒙杂交母羊平均首次发情时间为8.5月龄（最早7.0月龄、最晚10.7月龄）,平均发情周期为16.0 d（最短13.5 d、最长18.5 d）,平均发情持续时间为24.0 h（最短20.0 h、最长27.5 h）,平均妊娠期为146.0 d（最短143.0 d、最长149.0 d）,产羔率为119.7%,产双羔率为19.7%。研究结果为掌握杜蒙杂交母羊自然发情规律,以及准确把握最佳配种时间提供了依据。