Effects of intermittent high glucose on apoptosis and PTEN expression in islet cells

AIM: To investigate whether the increase in PTEN expression is related to apoptosis, and whether it is regulated by reactive oxygen species(ROS). METHODS: The rat islet cells were divided into constant low glucose group (group L), constant high glucose group (group H), glucose fluctuation group (group F), low glucose after high glucose group (group HL) and low glucose after fluctuation group (group FL). The ROS level, apoptotic rate, intracellular calcium, insulin release and PTEN protein expression were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with groups H and L, the insulin secretion decreased, and intracellular calcium, ROS level, PTEN protein expression and apoptotic rate increased in group F (P<0.05). Compared with group H, the intracellular calcium, ROS level, PTEN protein expression and apoptotic rate in group HL decreased, but were still higher than those in group L (P<0.05). Compared with group F, the intracellular calcium, ROS level, PTEN protein expression and apoptotic rate in group FL decreased, but were still higher than those in group L (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Glucose fluctuation can cause the apoptosis of islet cells more easily than constant high glucose. This may be related to the change of intracellular calcium and increase in oxidative stress which promotes PTEN expression. The recovery of glucose level to some extent relieves oxidative stress, decrease PTEN expression and reduce cell damage.     

水分胁迫对楠木幼苗抗逆生理特性的影响

以1年生楠木实生苗为试材,研究测定了楠木在不同土壤含水量条件下相关的生理指标,以期为楠木幼苗的培育及应用提供参考。结果表明:由土壤干旱和水涝引起的水分胁迫都会对楠木幼苗的生理特性产生不同程度的影响,但变化趋势大致相同,表现为楠木幼苗的叶绿素含量降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量明显上升,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和可溶性蛋白质含量都随着胁迫时间的延长表现为先升高后降低的趋势。表明楠木幼苗对由土壤干旱和水涝引起的水分胁迫都具有一定的适应性。     

黄土区不同地类土壤容水量与渗水率的试验研究

通过对研究区12种不同土地利用类型土壤容水量和渗水率的试验研究,分析了相同土地利用和不同土地利用方式下土壤容水量和渗水率的差异。结果表明,相同土地利用方式下,农坡地土壤容水量差异约1倍,差异较大;旱梯田土壤容水量差异可达35.23%,差异明显;荒坡地相差仅为5.84%,差异较小;沟台地差异不明显。不同土地利用方式下,土壤入渗性能差异显著。在连续入渗180min时,YL（人工杨树林地）、HF（荒地整地后封管1a自然草地）、NT（人工柠条林）、SJ（人工沙棘林）、YS（人工油松林）、ZK（针阔混交林）土壤容水量分别是HP（荒地）的108.19%,173.43%,157.76%,192.28%,93.64%和129.67%。沙棘林、柠条林等人工灌木林地的土壤容水量大于人工乔木林地。荒坡经过隔坡水平台整地封闭保护自然恢复植被1a后,土壤容水量高于多数乔、灌木林地,是一种经济有效的水土保持措施。土壤容重是影响土壤容水量的主要土壤物理特性指标,土壤容重越大,土壤容水量越小。土壤含水率在9.60%～19.02%范围内对土壤容水量的影响不明显。     

基于光温效应的杨梅生育期模型的建立与验证

 根据杨梅发育对光温的反应过程,利用不同的地点、年份和品种试验资料,建立了以光温效应（Photo-thermal effectiveness,PTE）为尺度参数的杨梅生育期模拟模型,并运用独立的数据对其进行验证。结果表明,模型对杨梅雌花序出现、雌花开放、展叶、坐果、果实成熟等生育期所需天数的模拟值与实测值之间的回归估计标准误差（RMSE）分别为2.51、1.83、2.68、2.70和2.45 d;与以有效积温法（RMSE分别为8.02、7.81、5.46、5.40和11.83 d）和PAR日积分法（RMSE分别为8.28、11.0、8.52、5.56和6.87 d）为尺度的发育模型相比,模拟精度分别提高了8.6%和10.2%。     

Perifosine inhibits cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis in human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of perifosine, a novel inhibitor of Akt, on the cell proliferation and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901.METHODS: Cell growth inhibition was detected by MTT assay. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit was used to determine apoptosis in the cells. Protein expression was examined by Western blotting.RESULTS: Akt phosphorylation was dose-dependently inhibited by perifosine in SGC-7901 cells. The results of MTT and cell cycle analysis indicated that perifosine inhibited the growth of human gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Perifosine arrested the cell cycle progression at G₂ phase. Apoptosis induction became more effective with increasing the concentration of perifosine. The caspase cascade and its downstream effector poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were also activated upon perifosine treatment, and the level of Bcl-2 was down-regulated, whereas the protein level of Bax was up-regulated.CONCLUSION: The small molecule Akt inhibitor perifosine shows substantial anti-tumor activity in human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. Perifosine induces caspase-dependent apoptosis, and the key regulators include caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bcl-2.     

膜孔灌单点源入渗特性与数学模型研究

通过室内膜孔单点源入渗试验,分析了膜孔灌单点源入渗单位面积侧渗量与一维垂直入渗量的变化规律,研究了膜孔灌单点源入渗单位面积侧渗量与入渗时间、膜孔直径之间的关系,建立了包含垂直一维入渗量和侧渗量的两个具有明确物理意义的膜孔单点源入渗模型,只需知道垂直一维入渗参数、膜孔直径和入渗时间,即可用于膜孔单点源入渗量的计算。实例验证结果表明,两个模型计算精度高,应用方便,均为计算膜孔单点入渗量的有效模型。     

Pt颗粒/碳纳米管电极对L-半胱氨酸的电化学催化检测

以电化学沉积法将Pt纳米颗粒沉积在碳纳米管(CNTs)上,并用扫描电镜(SEM)和能量色散X射线谱(EDS)对Pt/CNTs进行了表征.循环伏安图表明Pt/CNTs电极对L-半胱氨酸的电催化效果比石墨、Pt/石墨要好.同时,计时电流曲线表明Pt/CNTs电极对L-半胱氨酸在0.5~100.0μmol.L-1范围内有线性响应,其检测限为0.3μmol.L-1.     

Changes in soil free-living diazotrophic community and co-occurrence patterns along desert wetland degradation gradient in the Mu Us Desert, northern China

Climate change and human activity have led to the degradation of desert wetlands. Free-living diazotrophs are vital for soil nitrogen input. However, a comprehensive understanding of how soil free-living diazotrophic communities and their co-occurrence patterns respond to desert wetland degradation is lacking. Here, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), amplicon sequencing targeting nitrogenase gene (nifH), and network analysis were used to investigate the abundance, diversity, community composition, and co-occurrence patterns of soil free-living diazotrophs along the wetland degradation gradient, i.e., non-degraded (ND), lightly degraded (LD), moderately degraded (MD), and severely degraded (SD), in the southeastern Mu Us Desert, northern China. The abundance and Shannon, Simpson, Chao 1, and ACE indexes decreased (P < 0.05) by 14.6%, 20.7%, 2.1%, 46.5%, and 45.0%, respectively, in SD wetland, whereas no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between ND and LD wetlands. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria generally decreased (by 53.5%–19.7%) across the different degradation levels, while the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria increased (by 6.2%–40.1%) from ND to MD levels. The abundance, diversity, and community composition of diazotrophs were most strongly related to soil organic carbon, followed by total nitrogen, moisture, and pH. The least number of network nodes and edges and the lowest density were observed for MD and SD wetlands, indicating that the complexity of free-living diazotrophic networks was reduced by continued degeneration. Overall, severe desert wetland degradation affected the abundance, diversity, and network complexity of soil free-living diazotrophs more negatively than light degradation. This degradation promoted the growth of autotrophic diazotrophs and inhibited the growth of heterotrophic diazotrophs. These changes were mostly related to the loss of soil organic carbon.     

西瓜噬酸菌MarR家族转录因子Aave_3922的功能研究

 MarR(Multiple antibiotic resistance regulator)家族转录因子是一种广泛存在于细菌及古细菌中的转录抑制子。MarR可通过调控毒力因子的表达来影响病原细菌的致病性,其调控机制独特,在不同菌中存在不同的调控网络。为明确其在西瓜噬酸菌中的功能及信号通路,以西瓜噬酸菌Aac5菌株为研究对象,构建MarR转录因子Aave_3922的缺失突变株及互补菌株,通过对表型及转录水平的测定,初步探究西瓜噬酸菌中MarR转录因子的功能及可能的调控网络。结果显示,与野生型Aac5菌株相比,突变菌株致病能力、生物膜形成能力、体内生长能力均显著下降,互补菌株有所恢复。同时,基因Aave_3922的缺失会显著影响三型分泌系统关键基因hrpX及hrcJ、毒性相关基因trbC、鞭毛及趋化性相关基因fliC及cheA、生物膜相关基因Aave_2620在西瓜噬酸菌中的表达量;与WT-hrpXpGUS相比,ΔAave_3922-hrpXpGUS的启动子活性显著减弱。以上结果表明Aave_3922基因可能通过参与hrpX的转录调控,以及调控生物膜形成来影响西瓜噬酸菌的致病能力。     

基于ERSM涡轮盘径向变形的非线性动态概率分析

为了准确设计高压涡轮盘和叶尖间隙,从概率的角度进行了涡轮盘径向变形的分析。介绍了高精度高效率的非线性动态概率分析的极值响应面方法(Extremum Response Surface Method, ERSM),并建立了其数学模型。考虑材料属性和边界条件的非线性,以及热载荷和离心载荷的动态性,基于ERSM对涡轮盘径向变形进行了非线性动态概率分析,得到了输入输出参数的分布特征和影响涡轮盘径向动态变形的主要因素。最后,通过方法比较,验证了ERSM在保证计算精度的前提下能大大提高计算速度,节约计算时间,改善计算效率。为进行更有效的涡轮盘设计和优化,改善叶尖间隙设计和控制的合理性提供了有效依据。 