试谈高校图书馆的社会化服务

论述了高校图书馆向社会开放、为公众服务的必然性,总结了高校图书馆开展社会化服务的方式,提出了加强特色馆藏资源建设是社会化服务的资源保证。     

改进属性识别模型在秦巴山区土壤肥力评价中的应用

针对秦巴山区特点,选取安康市汉阴县作为研究区。利用GPS定位共在研究区内取得2420个耕层(0~20 cm)土壤样品。通过对土壤样品的全氮、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾以及pH值等6项土壤肥力指标进行室内化验分析得到的结果,运用基于墒权和层次分析相结合的改进属性识别模型,对研究区内土壤肥力进行综合评价,并借助ArcGIS9.3绘制了土壤肥力空间分布图。结果表明:研究区肥力属中等偏上水平,其中北部及东南部低中山处肥力水平较好,中部及西南部低山丘陵地区肥力水平相对较差;改进的属性识别模型在进行评价时较为准确,且简单稳定,为土壤肥力的的综合评价提供有力的技术支撑。     

湘西南石漠化地区不同植被恢复模式的土壤有机碳研究

以湘西南石漠化地区侧柏纯林、侧柏+枫香混交林、湿地松+枫香混交林、栾树纯林和封山育林5种植被恢复模式下的土壤为研究对象,通过野外土壤剖面调查和土壤样品化学分析,研究石漠化地区植被恢复过程中不同层次、不同坡位、不同林龄的土壤有机碳特征。结果表明:(1)5种林分土壤有机碳含量为栾树纯林>封山育林>侧柏纯林>侧柏+枫香混交林>湿地松+枫香混交林,并随土壤深度增加而递减,各林分变化幅度不同,且各土层之间差异显著。(2)随林龄的增加,土壤有机碳含量增加且主要集中在土壤表层。(3)同一林分下,不同坡位有机碳含量变化为下坡>中坡>上坡。(4)土壤有机碳密度在5种林分中差异显著,并随土壤深度增加而减少;在整个土壤剖面上,有机碳密度为54.22～96.52t/hm2,其中0-15cm有机碳密度的贡献率达55.95%。     

调节茶园土壤pH对其土著微生物区系及生理群的影响

茶园酸性土壤按其重量1.4%的比例施用石灰,能使土壤pH值从4.1提高到6.88;土壤中细菌和放线菌数量能提高近百倍,适于酸性环境的真菌数量略低于不施用石灰的对照组;酸性土壤经pH调节后,土壤pH值在前45天呈缓慢下降趋势,随后有所升高;细菌各类生理群数量在pH调节后前期呈快速上升变化,经过20～30天稳定期后,开始下降;调节茶园酸性土壤的pH是提高茶园土壤土著微生物数量和活性的最好方法。     

酸铝胁迫下4个速生桉优良无性系的生长反应

采用砂土培育法研究不同的酸铝处理对几种桉树优良无性系（巨尾桉9号、巨尾桉12号、尾叶桉4号、韦赤桉3号）幼苗生长及膜透性等变化的影响。试验设: pH 3.0＋0 mg/L Al3+、 pH 3.0＋120 mg/L Al3+、 pH 4.0＋0 mg/L Al3+、 pH 4.0＋120 mg/L Al3+、 pH 4.8＋0 mg/L Al3+5个处理。结果表明,不同酸铝处理对4个桉树优良无性系形态、生长指标、含水率、叶绿素含量、质膜透性和脯氨酸含量等都产生不同的影响。与对照（pH 4.8＋0 mg/L Al3+）相比,pH 3.0＋120 mg/L Al3+处理对桉树幼苗的生长产生的抑制作用明显,叶、芽皱缩、变形,苗高、地径以及各器官含水率降低,质膜透性和叶绿素含量下降,桉树幼苗累积较多的脯氨酸。其中,巨尾桉广林9号对酸铝逆境的抗性优于其它3个无性系。4个桉树优良无性系抗酸铝逆境的能力强弱依次为: 巨尾桉9号巨尾桉12号 韦赤桉3号尾叶桉4号。因此,选育耐酸铝桉树无性系品系是改善南方富铝化酸性土壤林地生产力的重要策略之一。     

食品中黄酮醇的组成、性质及其检测方法

黄酮醇是一类重要的类黄酮类物质,它广泛存在于水果、蔬菜以及它们的加工产品饮料和红葡萄酒中.本文对黄酮醇类物质的分类、组成、生物学性质及其检测方法进行论述,并对今后研究重点提出展望.     

3S技术在精准农业中应用的研究

阐述了3S技术的原理及其在精准农业中的应用,采用差分GPS大大提高定位精度,应用归一化植被指数NDVI值对叶面积指数和植株含氮量进行监测,依GPS定位导航将田块按网格取样,经分析后生产施肥处方图已指导变量施肥。     

淹水条件下氨酸法生产颗粒有机无机复混肥养分缓释特性

采用直接淋洗和淹水培养间歇淋洗两种方法评价氨酸法生产颗粒有机无机复混肥的养分缓释特性。结果表明,对氨酸法生产有机无机复混肥造粒,有直接减缓其有机和无机养分释放的效应。在等氮水平下,不同种类有机无机复混肥累积淋失的氮量明显不同,且与淋失的有机碳量没有明显的相关关系,表明有机与无机养分的配比比例影响肥料的氮释放特性。在本研究中,造粒对氨酸法生产的有机和单一无机氮复混肥中氮养分的缓释效果最差,而对氮钾比为2∶1的两种肥料中有机和无机养分的缓释效果均相对较好。     

农业知识问答系统句子相似度算法研究

在农业领域中,农业知识问答系统以其能接受自然语言检索和直接返回精确答案而成为一种新的信息检索技术。针对农业领域,提出了一种多重信息融合的句子相似度算法。该算法结合了句子的结构信息、词法信息和语义信息,同时考虑农业知识问答系统中问句的特征,使其更适合应用在农业特定领域中,并通过实验验证了算法的可行性和准确性。     

Effects of Irrigation Patterns and Nitrogen Fertilization on Rice Yield and Microbial Community Structure in Paddy Soil

Water and nitrogen (N) are considered the most important factors affecting rice production and play vital roles in regulating soil microbial biomass, activity, and community. The effects of irrigation patterns and N fertilizer levels on the soil microbial community structure and yield of paddy rice were investigated in a pot experiment. The experiment was designed with four N levels of 0 (N0), 126 (N1), 157.5 (N2), and 210 kg N ha-1 (N3) under two irrigation patterns of continuous water-logging irrigation (WLI) and water-controlled irrigation (WCI). Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was conducted to track the dynamics of soil microbial communities at tillering, grain-filling, and maturity stages. The results showed that the maximums of grain yield, above-ground biomass, and total N uptake were all obtained in the N2 treatment under WCI. Similar variations in total PLFAs, as well as bacterial and fungal PLFAs, were found, with an increase from the tillering to the grain-filling stage and a decrease at the maturity stage except for actinomycetic PLFAs, which decreased continuously from the tillering to the maturity stage. A shift in composition of the microbial community at different stages of the plant growth was indicated by principal component analysis (PCA), in which the samples at the vegetative stage (tillering stage) were separated from those at the reproductive stage (grain-filling and maturity stages). Soil microbial biomass, measured as total PLFAs, was significantly higher under WCI than that under WLI mainly at the grain-filling stage, whereas the fungal PLFAs detected under WCI were significantly higher than those under WLI at the tillering, grain-filling, and maturity stages. The application of N fertilizer also significantly increased soil microbial biomass and the main microbial groups both under WLI and WCI conditions. The proper combination of irrigation management and N fertilizer level in this study was the N2 (157.5 kg N ha-1) treatment under the water-controlled irrigation pattern.