围栏封育对巴音布鲁克草原两种建群草光合日变化的影响

利用PP system公司生产的CIRAS光合作用仪,对巴音布鲁克亚高山草原的围栏内外的两种建群种针茅(Stipa capillata)和狐茅(Festuca ovina)的光合作用速率、蒸腾速率等指标进行了研究,结果表明:①围栏内针茅和狐茅的日变化曲线呈现弱的三峰曲线,针茅的光合速率(Pn)日平均为12.23μmol/m2.s,狐茅为6.92μmol/m2.s;而围栏外针茅和狐茅的日变化曲线呈现强的双峰曲线,针茅的光合速率(Pn)日平均为13.28μmol/m2.s,狐茅为5.48μmol/m2.s;围栏内两种草的光合速率日变化曲线表现出先强后弱的趋势,而围栏外则相反。②围栏封育条件下,针茅CO2固定平均速率为1.937 gCO2/m2.h,略低于围栏外的2.103 gCO2/m2.h;而狐茅则呈现相反趋势,即围栏内CO2固定平均速率(1.096 gCO2/m2.h)高于围栏外(0.869 gCO2/m2.h)。③从单叶水平上看,无论是围栏封育还是自然放牧的条件下,针茅对CO2的同化固定能力要强于狐茅;从群体水平来看,围栏内人工封育草地要比围栏外自然放牧草地CO2固定能力弱一些。     

褪黑激素受体1A基因外显子2与小尾寒羊高繁殖力的关联

以褪黑激素受体1A(melatonin receptor 1A,MTNR1A)基因为候选基因,通过2种限制性内切酶(MnlⅠ、RsaⅠ),采用PCR-RFLP技术检测MTNR1A基因第2外显子主要序列在高繁殖力绵羊品种小尾寒羊中的单核苷酸多态性,同时研究该基因对小尾寒羊高繁殖力的影响.结果表明,MTNR1A基因外显子2的605位碱基处表现出MnlⅠ酶切多态性,在小尾寒羊中检测到3种基因型:MM(236 bp/236 bp)、Mm(236 bp/303 bp)、mm(303 bp/303 bp),MM和Mm基因型频率明显高于mm基因型频率.MTNR1A基因外显子2的604位碱基处表现出RsaⅠ酶切多态性,在小尾寒羊中检测到3种基因型:RR(267 bp/267 bp)、Rr(267 bp/290 bp)、rr(290 bp/290 bp),RR和Rr基因型频率明显高于rr基因型频率.复合基因型MMRR、MMRr、MmRR、MmRr的频率明显高于MMrr、mmRR、mmRr的频率,没有检测到mmrr复合基因型.小尾寒羊产羔数在MnlⅠ和RsaⅠ酶切复合基因型之间没有显著差异,但至少携带一个拷贝等位基因M的小尾寒羊比不携带M的具有稍微较高的产羔数,基因型为mm的小尾寒羊产羔数比其他基因型的小尾寒羊平均低0.26只.     

吡氟草胺与2甲4氯钠盐混用的除草活性研究

在温室条件下,研究了吡氟草胺与2甲4氯钠盐混用的除草活性,以及60%吡氟草胺·2甲4氯WP茎叶处理与土壤处理的效果差异.结果表明:吡氟草胺+2甲4氯钠盐150 g/hm2(单位下同)+300、150+450、150+600 3个配比效果较好,且土壤处理效果要略好于茎叶处理,但差异不明显.吡氟草胺对稗草等禾本科杂草特效,且对小麦安全,2甲4氯钠盐对苘麻等阔叶杂草特效,但对小麦安全性系数相对较低,因此,混用扩大杀草谱,在达到预期防效的前提下,应尽量降低2甲4氯钠盐的含量.     

Establishment and Identification of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Brassica napus by Intergeneric Somatic Hybridization

Exploitation of novel cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)is a main approach for widening the cytoplasmic genetic background of hybrid oilseed rape and avoiding epidemic risk in oilseed rape production.In this study,symmetric somatic hybrids between Brassicanapus var.Zhongshuang4 and Sinapis arvensis(Yeyou18)were produced by protoplast fusion.Two of the six established hybrids were male sterile showing trace or no pollen release upon flowering with non-or slightly extended stamens.Using Zhongshuang4 as a recurrent parent to pollinate the male sterile plants,the ratio of male sterile plants increased with the number of backcrosses.As early as in BC3 generation,most of the sterile families had nearly 100%sterile plants.Up to BC4 generation,the male sterility became stable and no fertility segregation was observed.All F1 progenies from tested crosses using restorer and maintainer lines of Polima CMS were 100%sterile,indicating that the established CMS by somatic hybridization is different from Polima CMS.The origin of the cytoplasm and potential use of this hovel CMS in oilseed rape breeding were discussed.Key wotds:Oilseed rape,Protoplast fusion,Cytoplasmic male sterility,Sinapis arvensis     

Experimental Researches on Carcinogenesis or Tumorigenicity of MDCK Canine Kidney Cell(CKC) Lines and Analysis of Their Chromosome Karyotypes

The chromosomal number variations & structural aberrations of the MDCK cell line, primary feline or canine kidney cell(FKC or CKC) and Hela cell line were investigated and their karyotypes of conventional chromosome bands were analyzed. The carcinogenesis or tumorigenicity testing of these cell lines in about 232 nude mice and for colony formation in soft agarose and for haemagglutination under different concentration of plant lectins of these cells were carried out. Under the prerequisite that the incidence of cancer or tumor in negative-control nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with primary feline or canine kidney cell cultures purified in vitro at passage 3 was 0 (0/22) and 0 (0/10), respectively. The incidence of the progressively-growing malignant tumor(MT) in positive-control nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with Hela cell cultures of KB, X, or NM20/X strain was 10/10, 25/25 and 5/51, respectively. The results showed that the incidence of tumor in nude mice with tetrapioid YA strain of MDCK cell during 20 - 45 passages, with hypodiploid JB strain of MDCK cell on passage 25, with di-and hypoploid JC strain of MDCK cell during 2 - 15passages or with hypoploid M strain of MDCK cell during 9 - 27 passages was 28/58, 1/5, 4/18 and 0/31,respectively. The chromosomal analysis results showed that the ratio of difference in the rate of modal chromosome number between high (mcs + n) and lowest (mcs)passages was not more than 5 % - 15 % and the structure aberrations was generally 0 - 3%. These results proved that the genetic characteristics of chromosomal number of cell lines determines their tumorigenicity, but it is species-specific. MDCK line has tumorigenicity no matter what its chromosome karyotype is, at least it has very low tumorigenicity even when its modal chromosome number is hypoploid. The repeatedly frozen, thawed and split controls of tumorigenicity-positive cell lines(X strain of Hela, M strain of BHK-21, JA strain of Vero, YA strain of MDCK) have much lower tumorigenicity or are even non-carcinogenesis, and the repeatedly frozen, thawed and split controls of very low tumorigenicity cell lines (M or JC strain of MDCK) are certainly non-carcinogenic and never have increased tumorigenicity.It is thus evident that MDCK cell of M, JB or JC strain can be approved as substrate for the preparation of attenuated viral vaccines, but MDCK cell of YA strain can not be approved as substrate for the preparation of comattenuated viral vaccines. In summary, all strains of MDCK cell line have tunorigenicity, at least have low tumorigencity, never have non-cancinogenic MDCK, but very low tumorigenicity MDCK cell strains can certainly be used for the approval production of canine viral vaccines if the DNA content in viral cell cultures was remarkably decreased through conventional means in manufacturing process. Therefore, the master cell stock and working cell bank of MDCK line used for vaccine manufacture were established in China, which are free of infectious agents, and described with respect to cytogenetic characteristics and tumorigenicity. Tests showed that there were correlations among cell line chromosome number variations, anchorage independence in soft agarose, haemagglutination under plant lectins, and tumor-forming ability in nude mice, thus all the in vitro tests are economic, simple and reliable means for monitoring the tumor-forming ability of MDCK line in nude mice.     

稻瘟病菌孢子传播的影响因素与田间捕捉方法

稻瘟病(PyriculariaoryzaeCavara)是危害水稻生产的一个主要病害,了解稻瘟病菌孢子生活史中的影响因素,监测稻瘟病菌的时空分布动态,对于预测预报病情的发生,确定最佳的防治时机和指导田间防治有重要的意义。本文讨论了影响孢子传播的因素和孢子捕捉的方法,并就玻片法捕捉孢子的方法进行了初步的研究。     

多效唑对稻麦苗期根系活力和叶片IAA氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性的影响

通过水培试验研究了不同浓度多效唑处理对苗期稻麦根系活力和叶片IAA氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明,在5~200m g/L浓度范围内,多效唑处理能显著提高水稻和小麦苗期根系活力和叶片IAA氧化酶、过氧化物酶的活性。多效唑浓度为20m g/L时,根系活力达到峰值;浓度为100m g/L时,IAA氧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性达到峰值。     

钢盒加固法及其在结构加固中的应用

提出了一种新的加固方法——钢盒加固法．采用的钢盒用厚的横向钢板与纵向钢板焊接而成．它不但能够承受很大的竖向荷载和水平荷载，而且由于其刚度大，对钢盒内混凝土的横向变形有很好的约束作用，使混凝土由单向受压变为三向受压，强度有较大提高．对钢盒加固结构的承载能力公式进行了推导，并且多次将其在高层建筑混凝土剪力墙和柱的局部加固中进行了应用．实践表明，钢盒加固法不但受力可靠，而且施工简便、工期短、造价低、加固件不外露，是混凝土剪力墙和柱等竖向承重构件局部损伤加固的一种好方法．     

应用盐溶蛋白电泳图谱鉴定玉米种子纯度

应用盐溶蛋白电泳方法对38份玉米杂交种和37份亲本自交系进行了蛋白电泳生化指纹图谱品种真实性及其纯度检测。结果表明：有34份单交种能够很好地鉴定出来，4份单交种未能鉴定出来，鉴定有效率达89％；本方法还能鉴定亲本自交系的纯度及同一母本的不同单交种，能有效监控假冒种子。对凝胶谱带胶板进行干燥处理，从根本上解决了该项技术结果保存难的关键问题，仅用3－4d就能准确建立品种的特征谱带样板，为该项技术的规范化应用和进一步研究奠定了基础。该方法具有操作简便、快速、准确、经济、可批量检测的特点，适合在实际中应用。     

斑节对虾鳃Na~ /K~ -ATPase的活性

研究了培养介质的Na 、K 和Mg2 浓度、Na ∶K 比、pH值、培养温度以及培养时间和底物ATP -Na2量对斑节对虾鳃Na /K ATPase活性的影响。培养介质中Na 浓度为 5 0～ 10 0mM、K 浓度为 2 5～ 30mM、Mg2 浓度为 8～ 2 0mM、Na ∶K 比在 10∶1～ 2∶1、pH 7.0～ 7.5时 ,Na /K ATPase活性较高 ,Na /K ATPase活性随着培养温度升高而增大。Na /K ATPase反应时释放出的无机磷 (Pi)累积量与培养时间呈直线性增加。底物ATP Na2 浓度达到 1.0 4mM时 ,Na /K ATPase活性达到最高 ,随着ATP Na2 量的增多 ,Na /K ATPase活性并未增大