体细胞胚胎发生杂种马褂木造林密度试验

在福建省将乐国有林场,通过连续3a对引自南京林业大学培育的体细胞胚胎发生杂种马褂木密度试验幼林进行观测研究.结果表明体细胞胚胎发生杂种马褂木适生性强,3a生林分保存率达到99%以上.林分生长良好,3a生时平均树高、胸径分别为2.26 m和2.3 cm,具有良好的推广应用前景.不同造林密度对体细胞胚胎发生杂种马褂木幼林生长总体而言有着显著影响,这种影响在林分2a生后开始得以体现,3a生时影响达到极显著水平.     

鸡蛋壳蜡样芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

【目的】分析不同环境下鸡蛋外壳携带蜡样芽孢杆菌的情况和分离菌株的基本特征。【方法】从养殖场和超市各采集9种新鲜鸡蛋,对鸡蛋表面携带的蜡样芽孢杆菌进行分离鉴定、基因分型、毒力基因筛查和耐药性分析。采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)技术对分离菌株进行初步鉴定,全基因组测序后进行菌种鉴定并确定基因分型、筛选毒力基因和耐药基因,同时采用微量肉汤稀释法测定分离株对头孢曲松、红霉素、万古霉素等12种抗菌药物的耐药性。【结果】经MALDI-TOF MS初步鉴定和基因组菌种鉴定,确定从养殖场3种未经清洁加工的鲜蛋中分离出的6个菌株为蜡样芽孢杆菌,其序列分型(ST)较为多样,其中有2株新的ST型。在毒力基因筛查方面,6株蜡样芽孢杆菌均检出了非溶血型肠毒素nheB基因、腹泻型毒力因子hlyⅡ基因和侵袭免疫系统的inhA基因;nheA和nheC基因携带率为83.3%,编码溶血型肠毒素HBL的hblA、hblC和hblD基因携带率均为66.7%;cytK和hlyⅢ基因携带率分别为33.3%和50.0%;肠毒素基因BceT、entFM和致吐毒素基因ces均未检出。耐药性方面,6株菌...     

接种枯萎病菌香蕉苗病症及其组织病理特征

用枯萎病菌4号生理小种接种香蕉苗后,观察发现:香蕉苗在发病初期出现了黄叶、球茎组织变褐症状;发病中期出现了叶片萎蔫、球茎组织变褐、假茎可见斑点状或线条状褐色病变、根变黑褐症状;发病后期出现了植株萎蔫、枯死等症状.采用组织病菌分离法,发现病菌从香蕉根部侵入后,由香蕉组织下部向上部传导,并在根、球茎和假茎中稳定定殖.用组织切片法观察发现病菌能使香蕉苗球茎组织产生褐变,引起细胞壁木质素增加及淀粉颗粒减少.     

豚草发生地土壤微生物的数量特征

豚草是世界性的恶性害草,造成巨大的农牧业损失和景观破坏.该文研究了豚草发生地土壤微生物的数量特征.结果表明:土壤微生物总数的峰值出现在8月,放线菌、细菌和真菌的数量峰值分别出现在7～9月.在8月和9月,豚草样地的土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均低于对照样地,说明豚草对土壤微生物数量具有一定的抑制作用.三裂叶豚草对土壤微生物数量的抑制作用大于普通豚草.豚草的抑菌效应可为新药源、绿色农药等的开发提供参考.     

家鸡Leptin成熟肽cDNA的克隆、重组蛋白表达及纯化

从 18周龄鸡卵巢组织中抽提总 RNA,使用六聚体随机引物反转录后 ,用鸡 L eptin(瘦素 )特异性引物扩增出鸡L eptin编码区第 5 2～ 4 6 0 bp的长度为 4 0 9bp的 c DNA片段。根据鸡 L eptin的 3′端第 4 6 0～ 4 92 bp序列设计了 3条部分相互重叠并且顺序串联延伸的下游反义引物 ,并在最后 1条引物 3′端连接上 Eco R 切点 ;在以上用于反转录扩增的 5′端引物的 5′端连接一 Bam H 切点。用该 5′端引物分别与 3个 3′端引物配对 ,利用反转录扩增出的 4 0 9bp的L eptin c DNA片段作为第 1模板进行扩增 ,扩增产物再作为模板与下一引物对再次扩增。经 3次扩增得到编码鸡 L ep-tin成熟肽的全长 4 5 1bp的 c DNA序列。将该 4 5 1bp的 L eptin c DNA序列经 Bam H 和 Eco R 双酶切后 ,克隆入表达质粒 p RSET A的 Bam H 和 Eco R 两酶切位点之间 ,构建成表达质粒 p L ep- SCAU。转化有重组表达质粒 p L ep-SCAU的大肠杆菌 BL 2 1(DE3)在 L B培养基中培养后 ,经 IPTG诱导表达出相对分子质量为 2 0 10 0的鸡 L eptin融合蛋白和少量 4 0 2 0 0的 L eptin融合蛋白。L eptin融合蛋白的表达在 IPTG浓度为 0 .0 5 mmol/ L 时达到最高 ,占总菌体蛋白的 32 .6 %。用 Ni- NTA凝胶从 7L 发酵培养菌裂解液中纯化出 180 m g左右     

EDTA强化电动修复土壤铅污染

重金属离子在土壤中会产生沉淀和吸附现象,降低其移动能力,同时限制电动修复土壤污染的效率.化学络合剂EDTA能够与重金属盐反应,生成可溶性的金属络合物,提高重金属离子在土壤中迁移速率.利用沙箱、电极槽、循环电极淋洗系统和输送控制系统等人工实验装置研究了添加EDTA络合剂强化电动修复土壤碳酸铅污染的效果.结果表明,在阴极槽添加EDTA溶液,EDTA与电解产生的氢氧根离子反应,形成EDTA阴离子,在电场力作用下,EDTA阴离子进入土壤,与碳酸铅反应形成溶解态的络合物,提高铅离子的移动性,在电场力作用下Pb的最大去除率可达82.1%,同时EDTA和电导液浓度影响修复效果.在实验中EDTA利用率在5%～10%之间,可通过增加EDTA在土壤中的停留时间提高其利用率.     

大白菜细胞质雄性不育的分子鉴定及序列分析

为了获得3种大白菜细胞质雄性不育系Ogu CMS,Pol CMS,CMS96和保持系间的多态性以及定位大白菜CMS96不育系所属的不育类型,利用设计的atp6,orf222单一和混合引物PCR扩增3组11份同核异质大白菜细胞质雄性不育系和保持系mtDNA。结果表明,atp6引物在大白菜Ogu CMS不育系扩增的200 bp片段为其特异带;orf222引物仅在大白菜Pol CMS和CMS96不育系有扩增产物,但二者有3点完全不同:大白菜Pol CMS不育系扩增产物为675bp,CMS96不育系扩增产物为669 bp,二者相差6个核苷酸,后者定名为大白菜CMS96-orf222。大白菜CMS96-orf222与甘蓝型油菜Nap CMS的nad5c基因和Nap-orf222基因同源性均为99%,E值为0.0;大白菜Pol CMS的675 bp序列具有ORF224开放阅读框,没有保守结构域,而大白菜CMS96的669 bp序列具有ORF222开放阅读框和保守结构域YMF19。另外,atp6和orf222混合引物多重PCR扩增产物存在明显多态性:800 bp为大白菜保持系的差异带型;2 300 bp和1 500 bp为大白菜Pol CMS不育系特异带型;200 bp为大白菜Ogu CMS不育系特异带型;690 bp为大白菜CMS96不育系特异带型。该方法仅用一次PCR反应快速地将3种大白菜细胞质雄性不育系和保持系一次性全部区分开,为大白菜分子育种和常规育种更好地相结合提供了简单、快速、准确和重复性好的方法和手段。     

Improving winter wheat grain yield and water-/nitrogen-use efficiency by optimizing the micro-sprinkling irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate

Available irrigation resources are becoming increasingly scarce in the North China Plain (NCP),and nitrogen-use efficiency of crop production is also relatively low.Thus,it is imperative to improve the water-use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen fertilizer productivity on the NCP.Here,we conducted a two-year field experiment to explore the effects of different irrigation amounts (S60,60 mm;S90,90 mm;S120,120 mm;S150,150 mm) and nitrogen application rates (150,195 and 240 kg ha~(–1);denoted as N1,N2 and N3,respectively) under micro-sprinkling with water and nitrogen combined on the grain yield(GY),yield components,leaf area index (LAI),flag leaf chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation (DM),WUE,and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP).The results indicated that the GY and NPFP increased significantly with increasing irrigation amount,but there was no significant difference between S120 and S150;WUE significantly increased first but then decreased with increasing irrigation and S120 achieved the highest WUE.The increase in nitrogen was beneficial to improving the GY and WUE in S60 and S90,while the excessive nitrogen application (N3) significantly reduced the GY and WUE in S120 and S150 compared with those in the N2 treatment.The NPFP significantly decreased with increasing nitrogen rate under the same irrigation treatments.The synchronous increase in spike number (SN) and 1 000-grain weight (TWG)was the main reason for the large increase in GY by micro-sprinkling with increasing irrigation,and the differences in SN and TGW between S120 and S150 were small.Under S60 and S90,the TGW increased with increasing nitrogen application,which enhanced the GY,while N2 achieved the highest TWG in S120 and S150.At the filling stage,the LAI increased with increasing irrigation,and greater amounts of irrigation significantly increased the chlorophyll content in the flag leaf,which was instrumental in increasing DM after anthesis and increasing the TGW.Micro-sprinkling with increased amounts of irrigation or excessive nitrogen application decreased the WUE mainly due to the increase in total water consumption (ET)and the small increase or decrease in GY.Moreover,the increase in irrigation increased the total nitrogen accumulation or contents (TNC) of plants at maturity and reduced the residual nitrate-nitrogen in the soil (SNC),which was conducive to the increase in NPFP,but there was no significant difference in TNC between S120 and S150.Under the same irrigation treatments,an increase in nitrogen application significantly increased the residual SNC and decreased the NPFP.Overall,micro-sprinkling with 120 mm of irrigation and a total nitrogen application of 195 kg ha~(–1) can lead to increases in GY,WUE and NPFP on the NCP.     

贝类养殖容量研究进展

近年来国内的贝类养殖产业出现大规模的病害事故,就其本质看是由于养殖区域生态环境平衡遭到破坏。本文从生态学角度出发,归纳国内外对于养殖容量概念的发展,比较各种概念的适用情况;对于养殖容量数学模型的建立和估算,介绍了目前国内外相对成熟,应用较广的模型,并且评价各种模型的优缺点。