新疆主要栽培杏品种香气成分的研究

 本试验采用自动顶空萃取和气相色谱－质谱联用技术(GC－MS)分析了新疆主要栽培杏品种库车小白杏等14个杏品种的香味成分。结果显示：一共检测到208种香味物质,其中包括酯类物质80种、醛类物质25种、酮类物质21种、醇类物质39种、烯烃类物质27种、酸类物质1种以及15种含量较低的其他物质;乙酸丙酯、乙酸-3-甲基-1-丁酯、(Z)-乙酸-3-己烯-1-醇酯、D-柠檬烯、β-芳樟醇、己醛、乙酸己酯、乙酸丁酯、β-月桂烯、丁酸乙酯、β-顺式-罗勒烯等11种香味物质为参试品种的主要香味物质;不同品种的挥发性香味物质组分及其相对含量虽不尽相同,但分属于华北和中亚种群的不同品种间无明显差异。     

Autophagy and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradative pathway which is characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization. However, it is not just a simple degradative pathway. Research shows that autophagy is related to many diseases, such as neurodegenerative disease, malignant tumor, ageing, pathogenic microorganism infection, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and so on. Autophagy exactly exists in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and it becomes a new research hotspot. This review will focus on the occurrence and development of autophagy and its role, signal transduction and research status in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.     

Asymmetric dimethylarginine protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxic damage

AIM: To investigate the effects of asymmetric dimethylaoyoinine (ADMA) on glutamate-induced PC12 cell damage and its mechanisms. METHODS: PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of glutamate as an in vitro excitotoxic trauma model. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Glutamate cytotoxicity was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by dihydrorhodamine123 (DHR) staining and flow cytometric (FCM) analysis. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production were detected by using commercial kits with a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Glutamate at concentrations of 1 mmol/L to 6 mmol/L dose-dependently decreased PC12 cell viability. Pretreatment 30 min with ADMA prior to administration of glutamate significantly attenuated the inhibition of cell viability, LDH release and ROS accumulation induced by glutamate. Pretreatment with ADMA significantly inhibited the increases in NOS activity and NO production caused by glutamate. CONCLUSION: ADMA obviously protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by inhibiting NOS activity, overproduction of NO and accumulation of intracellular ROS.     

山东野菜植物区系研究

经调查研究发现,山东省境内有野菜植物51科,137属,220种.野菜系指生于自然环境,未经人工驯化管理,可作蔬菜食用的植物.山东野菜植物区系主要特点为:种子植物在山东野菜植物区系组成中起决定作用;山东野菜植物区系属北温带性质;山东野菜大部分为草本植物;山东野菜以叶菜类和苗菜类为主.     

瑞昌山药茎段组织培养研究

用不同种类、浓度的植物生长调节剂对瑞昌山药茎段进行离体培养试验.试验结果表明,诱导瑞昌山药不定芽萌发最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L,不定芽萌芽率为90%:继代培养用MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L,长势较理想;生根培养用1/2 MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+0.2 g/L活性炭的培养基,瑞昌山药生根的效果最佳.     

植物提取物对玉米蚜忌避效果研究

采用冷浸法按溶剂与植物干粉6:1体积比对大蒜、葱、韭菜和辣椒4种植物样品浸泡提取.在提取物浓度为l g/mL下,测定了各提取物对玉米蚜的忌避效果.结果表明:辣椒、大蒜的不同溶剂提取物对玉米蚜均表现出较好的忌避作用.辣椒乙醚提取物对玉米蚜的忌避效果最佳,忌避率平均为0.64;其次忌避效果较好的为大蒜丙酮提取物,忌避率平均为0.62.忌避效果较低的为葱乙醚提取物,忌避率仅为0.25.     

西瓜种质资源的研究进展

对国内外的西瓜种质资源的收集、鉴定利用和种质资源创新等方面进行阐述.总结国内外西瓜种质资源研究上取得的成就,并对我国西瓜种质资源存在的问题提出建议.     

有机无机肥配施及供氮水平对萝卜硝酸盐累积的影响

以萝卜为试材,分别进行了不同有机无机肥料配施及不同供氯水平对萝卜硝酸盐含量和硝酸还原酶活性(NR)的影响研究,试验结果表明,不同有机无机肥料配施下,追肥一周后随萝卜肉质根膨大硝酸盐舍量呈上升趋势,而NR活性逐渐下降.与不施肥处理相比,不同有机无机肥料配施下萝卜产品器官中硝酸盐、VC、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量显著提高,其中有机肥、化肥分别作基肥和追肥的处理("有+化")具有较低的硝酸盐含量.不同施氮水平下,追肥后随萝卜肉质根的膨大硝酸盐含量呈上升趋势,而NR活性先上升后下降.与不施肥处理相比,萝卜产品器官中硝酸盐、可溶性蛋白含量随施氮量的增加而显著升高,VC和可溶性总糖含量则在常量氮肥处理下达到最大.     

瓦尼木层孔菌及其人工栽培技术

瓦尼木层孔菌是近年来发现的一种珍贵药用真菌,其野生资源稀少,无法满足市场需求,特此对瓦尼木层孔菌的形态特征、生态习性及人工栽培技术进行介绍。     

GABA、牛磺酸和pH值影响蝌蚪耐缺氧能力的研究

在水中溶解氧一定的条件下, 将蝌蚪放入50 mL密闭三角瓶内, 观察不同质量分数的牛磺酸、GABA 以及水体不同pH 值对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力的影响。结果显示, 质量分数为0. 4% 的GABA水溶液对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力有极显著改善(P < 0. 01) , 0. 3%的GABA 对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力有显著改善(P < 0. 05)。0. 3%的牛磺酸对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力有极显著改善(P < 0. 01) , 0. 1%、0. 2%、0. 4%、0. 5%的牛磺酸对蝌蚪耐缺氧能力有显著改善(P < 0. 05)。实验证明, GABA、牛磺酸均可提高蝌蚪的耐缺氧能力。而0. 2%的B- 丙氨酸可明显减弱牛磺酸的耐缺氧能力。pH值为5. 4、8. 0时可极显著减弱蝌蚪的耐缺氧能力(P < 0. 01), pH 值为712、7. 7时可显著减弱蝌蚪的耐缺氧能力(P < 0. 05) 。