Application of Dynamic Programming Method in Optimization of Water Distribution Pipe Network

以某输水管网为例,采用动态规划法对其进行优化。以管网年折算费用最小为目标函数,以节点水压等为约束条件,用枚举法对备选管径进行优选。使目标函数取得最小值的那一组即为最优管径。使用最优管径设计管网比优化前投资成本降低11．49％,优化效益显著。     

土壤肥沃耕层构建模式

详细介绍土壤的物质组成及作用,论述构建土壤肥沃耕层对农业生产的重要意义及我国土壤耕层构建模式的发展历程,介绍一种将深翻和秸秆还田结合起来的土壤肥沃耕层构建新模式,为提高土壤耕层的肥力提供参考。     

河北省植物检疫执法工作的发展现状问题及对策

为进一步保护河北省农作物的安全,不仅需要国家政策法规的保障,更需要植保检疫人员辅以行之有效的检疫执法手段。分析了当前河北省检疫执法工作的现状和存在的主要问题;从加大植物检疫行政执法管理力度、运用多种手段进一步做好执法宣传工作、强化检疫执法人员执法办案能力、进一步开展《河北省植物保护条例》执法探索4个方面,提出了推进植保植检执法工作开展的应对策略。     

4种有害气体对猪群健康状况的影响及其控制技术

为掌握规模化猪场舍内小环境空气质量的变化,为猪舍空气质量对人、动物健康影响的风险评估和相关控制技术的研究提供理论依据,并探索出有效的舍内空气质量控制技术,2010年11月20日～2011年3月10日和2011年11月19～2012年3月11日连续2 a 在河南省农业科学院种猪场31栋猪舍（规模化猪舍,利用屋顶进风,地下航道抽风的立体空气综合控制技术）和周围10个小型猪场26栋猪舍（简陋猪舍,利用自然通风或小风机通风）进行舍内空气质量指标测定。结果表明：利用空气综合控制技术通风的标准化猪舍内空气质量较好,能够明显降低舍内有害气体的浓度,同时还保证了舍内温度,为猪只生长发育提供了适宜的环境条件。     

大豆种质资源对草甘膦的敏感性研究

为了研究不同大豆种质材料对草甘膦的敏感性,于大豆2～3片复叶期,对1365份大豆试材喷施草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂1230g／hm2,按照大豆药害程度、存活率和结荚率的不同将药害等级划分为1-10级（级别越高,药害越重,敏感程度越高）。结果表明：喷施草甘膦后所有参试材料均出现不同程度的药害症状,表现为叶片发黄甚至干枯,植株矮化;药害等级从10级到2级,其中,366份表现敏感（9—10级）,340份表现比较敏感（8级）,268份表现中度敏感（6～7级）,241份有一定的耐性（4～5级）,92份耐性较好（3级）,58份耐性良好（2级）。不同类型大豆种质材料对草甘膦的敏感性存在差异,其中,所有野生大豆均表现敏感,夏播试材中耐性种质所占比例高于其他类型材料。     

Pollution of Environmental Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals(EDCs) in Water and Its Adverse Reproductive Effect on Fish

越来越多的环境内分泌干扰物（ EDCs）不断释放到环境,并通过大气沉降、地表径流、土壤淋溶和直接排放等方式进入水体,从而使水体成为 EDCs 存在的主要场所之一。为引起社会对水体 EDCs 污染的广泛关注,并积极采取EDCs 危害防治措施,保护鱼类资源和水生态系统,本文介绍了 EDCs 的分类,详述了自然水体、饮用水源水以及自来水中EDCs 污染情况,阐明了 EDCs 对鱼类的生殖危害。资料分析显示,EDCs 能够扰乱生物体内分泌功能,导致生殖器官、生殖机能和生殖行为异常,引起生育力下降,甚至生物繁殖机能损害,并最终导致种群数量下降,以至物种灭绝。虽然国内外已经开展了一些关于 EDCs 对生物危害等方面的研究,但大都处于起步阶段,存在着基础研究薄弱、识别和鉴定困难或代价太大等问题,有关工作亟需全面、深入开展。     

Molecular Mapping of a Stripe Rust Resistance Gene YrH9020a Transferred from Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng on Wheat Chromosome 6D

Stripe rust （yellow rust）, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst）, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat throughout the world. H9020-1-6-8-3 is a translocation line originally developed from interspeciifc hybridization between wheat line 7182 and Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng and is resistant to most Pst races in China. To identify the resistance gene（s） in the translocation line, H9020-1-6-8-3 was crossed with susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169, and seedlings of the parents, F1, F2, F3, and BC1 generations were tested with prevalent Chinese Pst race CYR32 under controlled greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that there is a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as YrH9020a, conferring resistance to CYR32. The resistance gene was mapped by the F2 population from Mingxian 169/H9020-1-6-8-3. It was linked to six microsatellite markers, including Xbarc196, Xbarc202, Xbarc96, Xgpw4372, Xbarc21, and Xgdm141, lfanked by Xbarc96 and Xbarc202 with at 4.5 and 8.3 cM, respectively. Based on the chromosomal locations of these markers and the test of Chinese Spring （CS） nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic lines, the gene was assigned to chromosome 6D. According to the origin and the chromosomal location, YrH9020a might be a new resistance gene to stripe rust. The lfanking markers linked to YrH9020a could be useful for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.     

Effects of Powdery Mildew on 1000-Kernel Weight,Crude Protein Content and Yield of Winter Wheat in Three Consecutive Growing Seasons

In order to clarify the impact posed by wheat powdery mildew （Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici） on the yield and yield components in different epidemic seasons, field trials were conducted in three growing seasons, 2009-2010, 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, in Langfang City, Hebei Province, China. The relationships between 1000-kernel weight, crude protein content of grain and yield and disease index （DI）, as well as area under disease progress curve （AUDPC） were studied. The models of the percentage of loss of 1000-kernel weight, crude protein content and yield were constructed using DI at critical point （CP） of growth stages （GS） and AUDPC in the three growing seasons, respectively. The CPs for estimating 1 000-kernel weight, crude protein content of grain and yield of wheat caused by powdery mildew were GS 11.1, GS 10.5.3 and GS l 0.5.3, respectively. Models based on DI at CP to estimate the percentage of loss of 1000-kernel weight, crude protein content of grain and yield were better than models based on AUDPC. And models of the percentage of loss of 1000-kernel weight, crude protein content and yield for 2011-2012 season were significant different from these for 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons. These results indicated that besides powdery mildew, weather conditions also had influence on 1 000-kernel weight, crude protein content of grain and yield loss of wheat when powdery mildew occurred.     

不同浓度的KT和6-BA对唐菖蒲切花的保鲜效应

[目的]研究不同浓度KT及6-BA对唐菖蒲切花的保鲜效应.[方法]以唐菖蒲红色系“青骨红”切花为研究对象,瓶插在以5％蔗糖＋300 mg/L 8-羟基喹啉＋50 mg/L硝酸银为底液,添加不同浓度的激动素（KT）及6-苄基嘌呤（6-BA）的保鲜液中,通过对切花寿命、观赏品质、鲜重变化率的研究,研究其保鲜效应.[结果] KT浓度为30 mg/L时保鲜效果最佳,瓶插寿命比对照延长了2.1d、提高平均日观赏值3.9、切花花枝鲜重峰值推迟2d出现,但对开花率影响不显著;6-BA浓度为40 mg/L时保鲜效果最佳,瓶插寿命比对照延长了2.5d、提高平均日观赏值4.0、提高开花率1.22％、切花花枝鲜重峰值推迟2d出现.[结论]KT、6-BA均能显著提高保鲜剂的保鲜效果.     

宁夏枸杞甜菜碱乙醛脱氢酶（LbBADH2）的克隆与序列分析

以宁夏枸杞为试验材料,利用同源克隆技术,设计简并引物,克隆得到一个新的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因.该基因全长cDNA为1 527个碱基,编码508个氨基酸,编码区两侧翼分别具有5＇UTR （47 bp）和3＇UTR（129 bp）.在推导的氨基酸序列中,含有醛脱氢酶所具有的高度保守的十肽（VrlElGGKSP）以及与酶功能有关的半胱氨酸残基（C）.进化分析表明,它与番茄甜菜碱醛脱氢酶亲缘关系最近,与其他藜科植物亲缘关系较远.该基因的获得有助于理解枸杞这一盐生植物耐盐机理,为培育新的耐盐枸杞奠定理论基础.