Plasma levels of immune factors and sex steroids in the male seahorse <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hippocampus erectus</Emphasis> during a breeding cycle

To better understand the endocrine- and immune-response pattern during reproduction in a fish species having parental care behaviors and also to accumulate the endocrine- and immune-related data for future explanations of the low reproductive efficiency in seahorse species, the variations of immune factors and sex steroids in the plasma of the male lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus at different breeding stages, i.e., pre-pregnancy, pregnancy (early, middle, and late periods), and post-pregnancy, were investigated in the present study. The immune factors included monocytes/leucocytes (M/L), leucocyte phagocytic rate (LPR), immunoglobulin M (Ig M), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-α (IFN-α), and lysozyme (LZM). The sex steroids included testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11β-OHT), 17α-methyltestosterone (17α-MT), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-hydroxy-20β-dihydroprogesterone (17α-20β-P). Moreover, the immune metabolic activity of epithelium cells in the brood pouch at different breeding stages was also analyzed through ultrastructural observations of the abundance of cytoplasmic granules, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and exocytosis. The results show that a higher immune level was observed during pregnancy, particularly in the early and middle periods, and a lower immune level was noted during pre-pregnancy. Correspondingly, the epithelium cells in the brood pouch also showed a stronger immune metabolic activity during pregnancy and weaker activity during pre-pregnancy. Four sex steroids of T, 11β-OHT, 17α-MT, and E2 were higher during pre-pregnancy and lower during post-pregnancy, whereas 11-KT and 17α-20β-P, which were positively correlated with part immune factors, were higher during pregnancy. No negative correlations between sex steroids and immune factors were observed. In conclusion, the higher immune competence during pregnancy may indicate that parental care could improve immunity, which may be the major factor for no immunosuppressive effect of sex steroids during reproduction in the seahorse H. erectus, unlike noncaregiving fishes in which inhibitions of sex steroids on immunity are frequently observed. Moreover, higher 11-KT and 17α-20β-P during pregnancy than during pre-pregnancy and post-pregnancy may suggest that these two steroids are also involved in parental care regulation.     

江黄颡鱼人工繁育的初步研究

对江黄颡鱼人工繁殖和育苗进行了试验。以PG(鲤鱼脑垂体激素)、HCG(绒毛膜促性腺激素)等催产药物进行混合催产,水温24～26℃,效应时间为20～24h,产卵率为90%以上。采用等渗液稀释磨碎的精巢进行人工授精,用塑料网片着卵板粘卵,在孵化池内孵化,平均孵化率为87%。研究结果表明:江黄颡鱼在广西的适宜催产季节为4月中旬至6月底,工厂化育苗的饵料可用丰年虫和适口虾料来解决。     

黄海双船变水层拖网网囊的网目选择性研究

为研究黄海双船变水层拖网网囊的网目选择性,2015年10月在黄海南部进行了网囊网目为40、54、60mm和70mm的套网拖网试验,采用Logistic选择模型和体周估算法对网囊网目选择性进行研究。结果表明,黄海双船变水层拖网渔获主要为蓝点马鲛、银鲳、带鱼、小黄鱼和鳀鱼;随着网囊网目尺寸的增大,逃逸率明显增加;极大似然法估算的模型参数,用AIC值检验拟合良好;估算出以变水层拖网捕捞达到可捕标准的部分经济鱼类相应的网囊网目尺寸,分别为小黄鱼71.0 mm、银鲳103.6mm、带鱼92.3mm、蓝圆鲹63.8mm。在黄海目前的渔业资源现状下,为保护小黄鱼、带鱼和鲐鲹等中小型经济鱼类的渔业资源,建议将双船变水层拖网的最小网囊网目尺寸定为60mm。     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒VP6蛋白与大肠杆菌LTB亚基植物融合表达载体的构建

根据GenBank中草鱼呼肠孤病毒(Grass Carp Reovirus,,CCRV)VP6蛋白的全基因序列(AF403394)和大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位(LTB)的基因序列(M17874),设计并合成特异性引物,从感染草鱼呼肠孤病毒(GCRV)09草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus),肾细胞...     

转红色荧光蛋白基因唐鱼与非转基因唐鱼肌肉营养成分的分析和比较

对含有外源基因的转红色荧光蛋白基因唐龟(简称:转基因唐鱼)和同胞家系中不含有外源基因唐鱼(简称:非转基因唐鱼)肌肉中的一般营养成分、游离氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成和含量进行分析和比较.结果表明:转基因唐鱼肌肉水分、粗蛋白含量粗灰分含量高于非转基因唐鱼,粗脂肪含量低于非转基因唐鱼,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);转基因唐鱼和非...     

对虾科线粒体基因组特征及基因差异位点分析

通过长PCR扩增获得凡纳滨对虾和中国明对虾的线粒体DNA,进而采用步移测序、序列拼接获得2个对虾类线粒体基因组的全序列.结合斑节对虾、日本囊对虾、细角滨对虾和加州美对虾的线粒体基因组,初步揭示了对虾科线粒体基因组的基本特征.6个对虾类线粒体基因组的基因排列与泛甲壳动物线粒体基因组的原始排列完全一致.对虾类线粒体基因组所有的主编码基因中,变异程度最高的是nad2和nad6基因.因此,nad2和nad6基因可以作为coxl基因辅助的分子标记,为对虾类生物多样性的保护及对虾类生物资源合理、高效利用等诸多方面提供参考.     

温带淡水观赏鱼的常见病及预防方法

淡水观赏鱼养殖在当前方兴未艾.生产上面临一个问题如何预防鱼病的问胚.本文作者探讨淡水观赏鱼常见病发病机制及预防方法.     

基于贝叶斯概率的印度洋大眼金枪鱼渔场预报

本文采用贝叶斯概率为模型基础框架,利用来自印度洋金枪鱼管理委员会(IOTC)的大眼金枪鱼延绳钓历史渔获统计数据和美国国家海洋大气管理局(NOAA)的海温最优插值再分析数据,进行适用于印度洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔场的模型参数估算与预报模型构建。模型回报精度验证结果表明,印度洋大眼金枪鱼延绳钓渔场综合预报的准确率达到了65.96%。模型预报结果用概率百分比来表示,符合渔业资源分布的客观特点。利用中分辨率成像光谱仪MODIS提供的SST产品进行业务化运行的渔场预报,利用模型结果每周生成印度洋大眼金枪鱼延绳钓渔场概率预报图,用不同大小的圆形来表示渔场概率的高低,可以为印度洋区域的远洋渔业生产提供信息支持。     

营养盐浓度对棕鞭藻叶绿素荧光参数、细胞密度和总脂含量的影响

利用生物化学方法和叶绿素荧光动力学分析技术,研究了棕鞭藻在一次性培养过程中,不同营养盐浓度(f/4、f/2、f、2f、4f)对其叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量、细胞密度、单位体积干质量、总脂含量和总脂收获量的影响。试验结果表明,营养盐浓度为2f时,该藻的最终细胞密度、叶绿素含量、单位体积干质量、总脂含量和总脂收获量均显著高于其他各处理组,由此可以看出,在本试验条件下,最适合棕鞭藻生长和油脂积累的营养盐浓度是2f。不同营养盐浓度对棕鞭藻的叶绿素荧光参数有显著影响,培养6～10d,f/4处理组的叶绿素荧光参数(光系统Ⅱ的最大光能转换效率;光系统Ⅱ的潜在活性;光系统Ⅱ的实际光能转化效率;相对电子传递效率和光化学淬灭)最低,其次为f/2处理组(P0.05)。培养7～10d,2f处理组的光系统Ⅱ的实际光能转化效率、相对电子传递效率和光化学淬灭显著高于其他处理组(P0.05)。培养结束时(第10d),各处理组细胞密度和总脂含量依次为:2f4fff/2f/4。相关性分析结果表明,营养盐浓度为f/4～2f时,棕鞭藻的细胞密度、叶绿素含量、单位体积干质量和总脂含量与营养盐浓度均呈显著的正相关;营养盐浓度为2f～4f时,上述各值与营养盐浓度则均呈显著的负相关。     

刺参血系统的超微结构观察与功能探讨

在光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜下观察刺参血系统的组织细胞结构，探讨血系统的生理功能，结果显示：(1)刺参的血系统由复杂的管网构成，排列紧密的血管上皮细胞和上皮下连续成层的基膜，构成血系统中连续而封闭的管状结构，管腔中充满血液，血系统的管网承担了血管输送血液的功能，并通过与呼吸树的连接完成血液的气体交换。(2)血管上皮细胞游离面的细胞膜、微绒毛和吞饮小泡呈酸性磷酸酶阳性反应，表明细胞具有吸收功能。血管上皮细胞内的小泡在管壁内外的物质运输中起作用。由单层细胞和基膜构成的血管壁是血液与体腔液进行物质交换的场所。(3)血管上皮细胞富含内质网、脂滴、线粒体及分泌自噬体，具有类固醇激素分泌细胞的超微结构特点，可能与刺参体内的固醇合成有关。