β—酮啡肽对鼠血浆胃泌素水平的影响

采用放射免疫法测定胃饲和腹腔注射 β 酪啡肽 (β CM)对新生大鼠和小鼠血清胃泌素水平的影响。实验分两系列。试验Ⅰ :新生大鼠分为 4组 ,每组 10只。禁乳 8h后 ,组Ⅰ胃饲生理盐水 ,每只 0 5mL ,组Ⅱ胃饲等量 β CM7(10 -5mol·L-1) ;组Ⅲ腹腔注射生理盐水 ,每只 0 2mL ,组Ⅳ注射等量 β CM7(10 -6mol·L-1)。结果 :组Ⅱ与组Ⅰ相比 ,胃泌素水平上升 30 0 2 % (P<0 0 5 ) ;组Ⅳ的胃泌素水平显著下降 ,是组Ⅲ的 72 0 %。试验Ⅱ :小鼠分为 6组 ,每组 10只。禁食 12h后 ,分别胃饲生理盐水 (组 1) ,β CM7(组 2 ) ,β CM3 (组 3) ,谷胱甘肽 (组 4 ) ,大豆粉饼及生理盐水(组 5 ) ,大豆粉饼及 β CM7(组 6 )。浓度均为 10 -5mol·L-1,饲胃量每只 0 5mL。结果 :组 2与组 1相比 ,胃泌素水平上升 17 4 4 % (P =0 0 89) ,组 4较组 1胃泌素升高 33 6 3% (P <0 0 0 5 ) ;组 5与组 6、组 3与组 1间均无显著差异 (P >0 1) ;而组 5胃泌素水平仅为组 1的 87 0 4 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,组 6为组 2的 73 6 3% (P <0 0 0 5 )。实验表明 ,β CM7在消化道腔面有促进胃泌素分泌的效应 ,提示其在畜牧业上有应用前景     

草鱼、鲢、鳙秋繁及其对次年春繁的影响

1991年秋催产草鱼、鲂、鲢、鳙亲鱼256组,共获鱼苗5040万尾。平均催产率78.2%,受精率71.9%,孵化率75.4%。秋繁鱼苗当年可育成10cm以上鲢、鳙鱼种和8cm以上草鱼、鲂鱼种。鱼苗到鱼种成活率为37.2%。秋繁亲鱼次年春繁催产率、受精率和孵化率基本不受影响,产卵量比往年未秋繁者低6.8%～9.6%,卵径、卵粒重和鱼苗体长等无显著差异。草鱼、鲢、鳙卵母细胞发育不同步,春繁后经60天左右强化培育,卵巢中未成熟的卵母细胞可发育成熟。     

Regulation by growth hormone of number of chondrocytes containing IGF-I in rat growth plate

Whether growth hormone stimulates longitudinal bone growth by a direct effect at the site of the growth plate or indirectly by increasing the concentration of circulating somatomedins (insulin-like growth factors) has been the subject of controversy. Immunohistochemical methods were used to explore the localization and distribution of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) immunoreactivity in the epiphyseal growth plate of the proximal tibia of male rats. Cells in the proliferative zone of the growth plate of normal rats exhibited a bright immunofluorescence, whereas cells in the germinal and hypertrophic zones stained only weakly. In rats subjected to hypophysectomy, the number of fluorescent cells was markedly reduced. When the hypophysectomized rats were treated with growth hormone, either systemically or at the site of the growth plate, the number of IGF-I-immunoreactive cells in the proliferative zone was increased. The results show that IGF-I is produced in proliferative chondrocytes in the growth plate and that the number of IGF-I-containing cells is directly regulated by growth hormone. These findings suggest that IGF-I has a specific role in the clonal expansion of differentiated chondrocytes and exerts its function locally through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms.     

北京西山人工林群落物种多样性的研究

应用丰富度、多样性、均匀度指标 ,研究了北京西山地区 10种人工林群落的物种多样性 .结果表明 :①大多数群落的Shannon Wiener指数H在 1 5～ 3 0之间 ,且与物种丰富度指数的变化趋势一致 ,使用效果比较理想 ;②不同人工林群落中 ,乔木第一亚层的物种丰富度指数和Shannon Wiener指数均低于乔木第二亚层 ,而Simpson指数则相反 ;③不同人工林群落中 ,槲树和华山松林物种丰富度和Shannon Wiener指数较高 ;④草本层的物种丰富度和Shannon Wiener指数高于灌木层和乔木层 ,而乔木层和灌木层没有明显的差异 ;⑤各多样性指数在不同群落间的变化幅度均为草本层 >灌木层 >乔木层 .     

经鼻小柱,鼻中隔,蝶窦入路行脑垂体瘤切除术

经鼻小柱、鼻中隔、蝶窦入路行鞍内肿瘤切除术６例的结果表明：经鼻小柱、鼻中隔、蝶窦入路不但可避免唇下入路的某些并发症，且手术疗效一致。指出磁共振成像在垂体微腺瘤的定位诊断与指导肿瘤切除中具有重要价值，倡导神经外科与鼻喉科密切合作。     

The social construction of production externalities in contemporary agriculture: Process <Emphasis Type="Italic">versus</Emphasis> product standards as the basis for defining “organic”

The analysis distinguishes two types of standards for defining organic produce; process standards and product standards. Process standards define organic products by the method and means of production. Product standards define organic by the physical quality of the end product. The National Organic Program (NOP) uses process standards as the basis for defining organic. However, the situation is complicated by agricultural production practices, which sometimes result in the migration of NOP prohibited substances from conventional to organic fields. When this interaction alters the value of the product or the costs of production, a production externality is said to exist. Defining organic using process, rather than product standards, influences the burden and character of production externalities. The NOPs emphasis on process standards reduces the likelihood that production externalities will emerge.B. James Deaton is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Business and Agricultural Economics, University of Guelph, Canada. His research examines environmental and natural resource issues. He is particularly interested in the manner in which laws, rules, and standards influence environmental quality, natural resource use, and economic development. Additional research examines the relationship between different forms of private property and economic development, public support for various criteria used to preserve farmland, and the social construction of production externalities in agriculture. Prior to his PhD training, he worked on economic development projects in Lesotho (Southern Africa) and the Appalachian region of eastern Kentucky.John P. Hoehn is a Professor of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics in the Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University. His teaching and research activities address environmental and natural resource policies, benefit-cost analysis of environmental improvements, methods for valuing non-market goods, improved institutions for protecting, managing, and using environmental resources, and the economics of ecological resources. He teaches core courses in the departmental and university-wide graduate programs in environmental and resource economics.     

不同启动子调控下的t—PAcDNA乳腺定位表达

乳清酸蛋白 (WAP)和 β -酪蛋白 (β -Casein)是哺乳动物乳汁中的主要蛋白质 ,其基因 5′侧翼区常作为乳腺定位表达的调控序列。表达载体pSVL -WAP -tPA和pSVL - βb -tPA分别含 1.1kb的大鼠WAP启动子和 0 .6kb的牛β Casein启动子序列及t-PAcDNA。采用基因直接注射方法将 2种表达载体分别注入家兔乳腺中。溶圈试验结果显示 ,两种表达载体均能在兔乳腺细胞中得到表达 ,且以分娩后第 4天的乳汁中表达水平最高 ,分别为 45 0ng·mL-1和390ng·mL-1。为进一步研究t-PA基因乳腺定位表达调控和建立t-PA乳腺生物反应器奠定了基础。     

Simulating Agricultural Conversion to Residential use in the Hudson River Valley: Scenario Analyses and Case Studies

Land use changes threaten agricultural land. If agricultural land is going to be preserved, the social and economic causes of conversion must be understood. However, analyzing the causes of agricultural conversion is complex because trends need to be documented before analyzing the causes. One of the leading uses of agricultural land is for residential purposes. This paper projects residential development in a Hudson River Valley watershed within Dutchess County in New York State using an integrated modeling framework consisting of an econometric model, a geographic information system (GIS), and Monte Carlo simulation. The econometric model is used to project residential development, providing parcel-specific probabilities of residential development. The GIS is employed to extract socio-economic and county-level tax parcel data to be used in conjunction with bio-geophysical attributes, such as slope, soil, and location, to calculate and project growth trends on a residential level for undeveloped land parcels. Monte Carlo simulation is used to distribute these projections into the GIS to display outcomes of scenario analyses to provide policy-makers a demonstration of how policies would likely affect the agricultural landscape of the watershed. John M. Polimeni is an Assistant Professor of Economics in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at the Albany College of Pharmacy in Albany, New York. Dr. Polimeni received a PhD in Ecological Economics and a BS in Mathematics at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. His professional interests include: quantitative economics, spatial and regional economics, land use change, economic development, and graduate education in Ecological Economics. He is currently working on linking ecological economics with the laws of thermodynamics and neuroeconomics into one unified model.     

高铜日粮及补硒对瘦肉型生长肥育猪生长性能及组织结构的影响

选用35日龄杜施杂1代断奶仔猪40头,随机分成4组进行高铜及补硒试验.结果表明,Cu 125 ppm+Se 0.3 ppm(Ⅱ组)效果最佳,日增重比 Cu 4.36 ppm+Se 0.3 ppm(Ⅰ组)约提高15.9%(P<0.05);全期耗料较Ⅰ组下降12.6%.Cu 250 ppm+Se 0.3 ppm(Ⅲ组)与Ⅰ组的日增重差异不显著(P>0.05),耗料较Ⅰ组下降8.0%.但Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组日增重差异不显著(P>0.05).补 Cu250 ppm 不加 Se(Ⅳ组)与Ⅲ组相比,日增重约减少27.2%(P<0.01),耗料则较Ⅲ组高23.7%.屠体组织切片观察表明,添加高剂量铜(125或250 ppm)对机体组织均不产生病变,但各组的骨骼肌纤维粗细与十二指肠杯状细胞大小有明显的不同,均为Ⅱ>Ⅲ>Ⅰ>Ⅳ.     

Prevention of translational frameshifting by the modified nucleoside 1-methylguanosine

The methylated nucleoside 1-methylguanosine (m1G) is present next to the 3' end of the anticodon (position 37) in all transfer RNAs (tRNAs) that read codons starting with C except in those tRNAs that read CAN codons. All of the three proline tRNA species, which read CCN codons in Salmonella typhimurium, have been sequenced and shown to contain m1G in position 37. A mutant of S. typhimurium that lacks m1G in its tRNA when grown at temperatures above 37 degrees C, has now been isolated. The mutation (trmD3) responsible for this methylation deficiency is in the structural gene (trmD) for the tRNA(m1G37)methyltransferase. Therefore, the three proline tRNAs in the trmD3 mutant have an unmodified guanosine at position 37. Furthermore, the trmD3 mutation also causes at least one of the tRNAPro species to frequently shift frame when C's are present successively in the message. Thus, m1G appears to prevent frameshifting. The data from eubacteria apply to both eukaryotes and archaebacteria.