缓释氮肥与尿素配施对高原机插籼稻产量与生长特性的影响

为了明确高原地区机插籼稻缓释氮肥与尿素配施的最佳比例,以川谷优7329为材料,在施氮量为150kg/hm~2和105 kg/hm~2水平下,研究了4种缓释氮肥与尿素配施比例(10∶0,7∶3,5∶5,3∶7)对机插籼稻产量与生长特性的影响。结果表明,不同施氮量间水稻产量差异不显著,缓释氮肥与尿素配施水稻产量由高到低为5∶510∶07∶33∶7。在相同比例下增加施氮量可以增加机插籼稻抽穗期高效叶片的长度,提高茎蘖数和抽穗期叶面积指数,但降低了氮肥农学利用效率和粒叶比。尿素所占比例越高成穗率越低,5∶5的处理水稻表观输出率和氮肥农学利用效率最高。高原地区机插籼稻最佳氮肥施用量为105 kg/hm~2,缓释氮肥与普通尿素配施比例为5∶5。     

Preliminary investigation of the effect of treating sheep during pregnancy with a vitamin A,D, E formulation on the incidence of vaginal prolapse

ABSTRACT

Aim: To determine if vitamin D₃ treatment reduced the incidence of vaginal prolapse in pregnant sheep on a North Canterbury sheep breeding property.

Methods: Pregnant ewes from a single farm were allocated to three treatment groups in May 2018. At this time, the first group (EarlyVitADE; n?=?512) received an I/M 1?mL dose of 500,000?IU/mL vitamin D₃, 60,000?IU/mL vitamin A, and 25?mg/mL vitamin E. This was repeated in July 2018, when the second group (LateVitADE; n?=?695) also received the same treatment. The third group (n?=?737) were untreated controls. All cases of vaginal prolapse on the property were recorded from pregnancy diagnosis in June 2018 until ewes were set-stocked in August 2018. The planned start of lambing was 10 August 2018.

Results: During the period of observation, vaginal prolapses were recorded in 3/699 (0.4%) 2-year-old ewes, and the odds of vaginal prolapse were not associated with treatment group in these ewes (p?>?0.3). Amongst ewes aged ≥3 years, during the same period, there were 6/333 (1.8%), 6/443 (1.4%) and 25/469 (5.3%) cases in the EarlyVitADE, LateVitADE and control groups, respectively. Compared to control ewes, the odds of vaginal prolapse were reduced in both the EarlyVitADE (OR?=?0.37; 95% CI?=?0.15–0.92) and LateVitADE (OR?=?0.25; 95% CI?=?0.10–0.62) treatment groups.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: In this preliminary study, administration of injectable vitamins A, D₃, and E to pregnant ewes reduced the incidence of vaginal prolapse during the period from pregnancy diagnosis to set-stocking on one North Canterbury hill-country farm. Due to the restricted data collection period, this investigation should be replicated to better quantify the repeatability of the observed treatment effect over the complete lambing period.     

HSPC117 is the essential subunit of a human tRNA splicing ligase complex

Splicing of mammalian precursor transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules involves two enzymatic steps. First, intron removal by the tRNA splicing endonuclease generates separate 5' and 3' exons. In animals, the second step predominantly entails direct exon ligation by an elusive RNA ligase. Using activity-guided purification of tRNA ligase from HeLa cell extracts, we identified HSPC117, a member of the UPF0027 (RtcB) family, as the essential subunit of a tRNA ligase complex. RNA interference-mediated depletion of HSPC117 inhibited maturation of intron-containing pre-tRNA both in vitro and in living cells. The high sequence conservation of HSPC117/RtcB proteins is suggestive of RNA ligase roles of this protein family in various organisms.     

NUCLEATION,POLYMERIZATION, AND PRECIPITATION OF FeOOH1

Fresh Fe(ClO₄)₃ solutions, 0.01 M or 0.001 M in iron (III), were seeded with iron (III) hydroxide brown sols and the reaction processes were investigated. In two experiments, HC1O₄ was added to fresh Fe(ClO₄)₃ solutions to lower their degrees of super saturation with respect to iron (III) hydroxide. Depending upon the quantity of seeding solution added, it was found that samples differed greatly in appearance and in the stability during ageing. With a small amount of seeding solution added and following a relatively long induction period, the sample rapidly developed to a dense, cloudy yellow suspension with FeOOH precipitate settled shortly afterwards. With an increased amount of seeding solution added, the sample gradually became more brownish and less turbid and eventually a clear brown sol was observed. Although α-FeOOH was the major hydrolysed species in all samples, a yellow precipitate which settled under gravity was found only in those containing a small quantity of seeding solution. The above results provide experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis (Hsu and Ragone, 1972) that the initial number of nuclei relative to the concentration of mono-meric species is the key factor governing the appearance and the stability of an hydrolysed iron (III) solution. In another experiment, varying amounts of a seeding solution were added to a fresh, pure 0.001 M Fe(ClO₄)₃ solution to which no HC1O₄ was added. All samples rapidly hydrolysed to clear brown sols in less than 6 hours and no noticeable seeding effect was observed. It is suggested that a pure 0.001 M Fe(ClO₄)₃ solution is highly supersaturated with respect to iron (III) hydroxide and a large number of nuclei spontaneously form in situ shortly after preparation.     

Distribution of hydrogen in the near surface of Mars: evidence for subsurface ice deposits

Using the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on the Mars Odyssey, we have identified two regions near the poles that are enriched in hydrogen. The data indicate the presence of a subsurface layer enriched in hydrogen overlain by a hydrogen-poor layer. The thickness of the upper layer decreases with decreasing distance to the pole, ranging from a column density of about 150 grams per square centimeter at -42 degrees latitude to about 40 grams per square centimeter at -77 degrees. The hydrogen-rich regions correlate with regions of predicted ice stability. We suggest that the host of the hydrogen in the subsurface layer is ice, which constitutes 35 +/- 15% of the layer by weight.     

Lesions in sheep following administration of a vaccine of a Freund's complete adjuvant nature used in the control of ovine paratuberculosis

CASE HISTORIES: Occurrences of adverse reactions in seven sheep flocks in Australia following vaccination against paratuberculosis where veterinary attention was requested are reviewed. All cases occurred within the 3-year period following commencement of use of a vaccine of a Freund's complete adjuvant nature, at a time when approximately six million doses of vaccine had been administered.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: In the first case, 26/58 (45%) Merino sheep vaccinated as adults had palpable tissue reactions at or near the site of vaccination; enlarged prescapular lymph nodes were palpated in 17 (29%), and nine (16%) sheep had both palpable lesions at the site of vaccination and enlarged prescapular lymph nodes. The reactions included caseous nodules up to 5.5 cm in diameter. In the other cases, fistulating or granulomatous wounds were occasionally found at the recommended site of injection behind the ear, and myiasis was rare. Occurrences of inappropriate choice of injection site were recorded, including injection into the axilla of two Merino rams, and lesions in the tissues of the maxilla and nose of almost 50% of 350 Border Leicester lambs. Four outbreaks of progressive paralysis due to injection into cervical musculature were reported, described as ‘OJD staggers’ by producers.

DIAGNOSIS: Granulomatous cellulitis and lymphadenitis associated with oil droplets typical of ‘oil granulomata’. Injection of vaccine into the dorsal cervical area resulted in progressive paralysis due to myonecrosis and suspected granulomatous leptomeningitis.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND CONCLUSIONS: Although lesions at and near the site of injection are common, adverse reactions to vaccination were rare and included mortality from cervical spinal injection, production losses from injection in the maxilla or axilla or if myiasis resulted, and potential marketing losses if animals or carcasses are discounted as a result of the lesions. Risk factors for adverse reactions included inadequate restraint of sheep, breed of sheep, experience of the operator, poor injection technique, and inappropriate placement of vaccine. Increasing attention to the proper restraint of animals, restricting vaccination to the recommended site behind the ear, careful placement of the vaccine into subcutaneous tissue to avoid drainage of vaccine material into tissues such as the spinal cord, and post-vaccination supervision to address welfare concerns should adverse reactions occur are recommended.     

Rindergesundheitsdienst in den Regierungsbezirken Nord- und Südbaden

Contents A report on the Cattle Health Service in the two government districts of Baden, with details of results from three series of research tests. These included basic considerations, general observations on the technical means of carrying out the experiments, the organisation and results of the experiments, followed by a discussion of the causes and preventive measures for problems such as udder diseases, sterility and mortality in calves. Under this scheme, all farms owning cattle come under the Cattle Health Service in order to improve general hygiene and to further preventive health measures. The most important factor in this work is of course the local veterinarian, since he is acquainted with local conditions. Tests to be made in stables should if possible be made annually, being intended primarily as a discovering and advisory service. Therapy and cleansing measures can then be undertaken as a result of these. To date this service has produced a fully documented report on the sanitary conditions at the end of 1965. The situation of udder diseases on an average showed 15 % of cows positive by the Schalm Mastitis Test. Laboratory tests made following these differentiated 8.5% as secretion disturbances. As regards fertility, it was found that 87% of the cows conceived without exceeding the 400 days calving interval. Calf losses in the period from 1959–65 were under 5% on an average (taken on an 87% of calving).